GIFT   OF 
Dean  Frank  H»    Probert 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


McGraw-Hill  BookGompany 


Electrical  World         Th?Engtr^rir£andMining  Journal 
Engineering  Record  Engineering  News 

Railway  Age  Gazette  American  Machinist 

Signal  Engineer  American  Engineer 

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Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering  Power 


MINING  COSTS 


OF  THE 


WORLD 


A  COMPILATION  OF  COST   AND  OTHER 
IMPORTANT  DATA  ON  THE  WORLD'S 

PRINCIPAL  MINES 

BY 

EDMOND  NORTON  SKINNER,  PH.  B.,  E.  M. 

AND 

H.  ROBINSON  PLATE,  MINING  ENGINEER 


FIRST  EDITION 


McGRAW-HILL  BOOK  COMPANY,  INC. 
239  WEST  39TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

6  BOUVERIE  STREET,  LONDON,  E.  C. 
1915 


COPYRIGHT,  1915,  BY 

E.  N.  SKINNER 

AND 

H.  ROBINSON  PLATE 


OF 


MMIflG  OEPI. 


7/l^nxV 


THE.  MAPLE •  PRESS*  YORK.  PA 


PREFACE 

The  writers  have  long  believed  that  there  is  need  for  a  book  of  this  char- 
acter, embodying  in  condensed  form  costs  and  other  important  operating  data 
on  the  metal  mines  of  the  world. 

This  book,  which  covers  about  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  metal 
mines,  is  not  a  text  but  a  compilation  of  results  actually  obtained  at  the 
various  properties  shown  therein.  It  should  be  of  material  assistance  to  the 
engineer,  manager,  superintendent,  operator  and  student.  We  realize  that 
nearly  every  mining  man  has  his  own  notebook,  but  rarely  are  these  data 
complete  and  conveniently  arranged  in  pocket  book  form.  The  examining 
engineer  and  operator  frequently  find  it  difficult  to  obtain  reliable  data  in 
camps  they  are  visiting.  This  book  gives  the  desired  information,  embody- 
ing as  it  does  most  of  the  principal  camps  of  the  world. 

It  is  evident  that  no  just  comparison  can  be  drawn  between  any  two 
mines,  as  no  two  are  operated  under  identical  conditions.  In  a  great  major- 
ity of  cases  we  have  given  operating  results  for  several  years.  There  is  a 
constant  aim  to  increase  production  with  decreasing  costs,  but  as  this  is  not 
a  rapid  nor  radical  movement  figures  from  year  to  year  undergo  very  slight 
changes.  It  is  our  intention,  however,  from  time  to  time  to  augment  the 
book,  adding  new  mines  to  the  list,  later  data  and  more  complete  information. 
The  figures  are  taken  mainly  from  the  companies'  annual  reports  and 
financial  statements  and  from  our  personal  notebooks.  Some  of  these 
annual  reports  are  not  as  clear  nor  as  complete  as  they  might  be;  conse- 
quently, in  these  cases  our  data  are  brief.  Also,  there  are  a  few  mining  com- 
panies which  do  not  make  public  their  operations  or  costs.  In  a  number  of 
instances  we  have  had  to  calculate  costs  from  financial  statements.  The  data 
given  have  been  incomplete  and  consequently  exact  accuracy  is  not  claimed. 
Some  companies  do  not  segregate  the  figures  that  permit  of  calculating 
their  cost.  In  such  cases  we  have  had  to  lump  the  costs  into  a  total.  As  the 
companies  in  general  do  not  publish  their  annual  reports  until  the  second  or 
third  quarter  of  the  following  year,  it  is  difficult  in  compiling  a  book  of  this 
character,  covering  such  an  extensive  field,  to  bring  all  properties  down  to  a 
point  to  include  the  last  annual  report.  In  the  case  of  the  United  States 
mines  we  have  embodied  under  their  respective  headings  in  a  great  majority 
of  the  properties  complete  operating  data  for  1913.  In  the  mines  of  Africa, 
Asia,  Australia  and  New  Zealand  this  has  been  impossible.  In  these  sections 
we  have  added  a  table  giving  a  few  of  the  most  important  operating  results 
of  the  various  mines,  thus  bringing  them  down  to  date. 


M127163 


vi  PREFACE 

Accompanying  the  cost  data  on  the  respective  properties,  the  writers  have 
added  a  few  remarks  giving  brief  descriptions  of  the  mines,  the  methods  of 
mining  and  reduction  employed,  and  general  operating  conditions.  Owing 
to  the  limited  space  available,  these  remarks  must  of  necessity  be  brief. 

Because  of  the  impracticability  of  breaking  the  tabulated  data  throughout 
the  book,  and  in  order  to  do  away  with  the  great  number  of  blank  pages 
occurring  which  would  make  it  impossible  to  keep  the  volume  within  pocket 
book  size,  it  has  been  found  advisable  in  many  cases  to  put  the  remarks  in  the 
appendix  rather  than  in  the  book  proper. 

The  writers  wish  to  express  their  appreciation  to  Mr.  William  B.  Thomp- 
son for  the  assistance  he  has  rendered  in  the  publication  of  this  work.  Also 
to  Mr.  A.  Chester  Beatty,  who  through  his  London  Office  has  obtained  nu- 
merous reports  and  other  data  on  the  foreign  properties. 

Our  sincere  thanks  are  extended  to  the  many  companies  for  the  willingness 
with  which  they  have  sent  reports  and  for  other  courtesies  shown.  To  the 
mining  men  who  have  contributed  data  and  valuable  suggestions  we  are 
deeply  indebted  and  particularly  to  the  following  for  their  special  help  in 
their  respective  departments : 

United  Stales:  Mexico :  Hugh     Rose,     Herbert     C. 

General  Data:  Walter  H.   Aldridge,         Enos,  Robert  Mulford. 

O.  B.  Perry,  Cortlandt  E.  Palmer,     South  America:  Pope  Yeatman,  M. 

J.  Parke  Channing,  Benjamin  B.         W.  Atwater. 

Thayer,  Andrew  Walz,  James  L.     Africa:  James  McDougall,  William 

Bruce,  Heath  Steele.  W.  Mein,  Thomas  H.  Leggett. 

Michigan  Mines:  R.  L.  Agassiz,  John     Australia:  H.     C.     Hoover,     C.     S. 

R.  Stanton.  Herzig. 

Dominion    of    Canada:  Robert    H.     Asia:  Walter     Harvey     Weed     and 

Stewart,   R.   B.   Watson,   Samuel         "The  Copper  Handbook"  for  loan 

Cohen.  of  reports  on  the  Japanese  Mines. 

Central    America:  Charles    Butters,     Europe   and  General  Foreign   Data: 

Henry  F.  Lefevre,  Geo.  L.  Carlisle,         Lucius  Mayer,  Harold  A.  Titcomb, 

Jr.  E.  L.  Gruver,  E.  Schoenwald. 

In  addition  to  the  above  the  writers  wish  to  thank  the  numerous  engineers 
who  have  contributed  data  on  particular  mines,  mention  of  whom  is  made 
under  the  respective  properties. 

E.  N.  SKINNER. 
H.  R.  PLATE. 
NEW  YORK, 
January,  1915. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

LIST  OF  MAPS viii 

NORTH  AMERICA 1 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 3 

DOMINION  OF  CANADA 153 

MEXICO 182 

CENTRAL  AMERICA 209 

SOUTH  AMERICA 217 

AFRICA 227 

ASIA 293 

AUSTRALIA 306 

NEW  ZEALAND ,     .     .  331 

EUROPE 339 

INDEX   .  401 


Vll 


LIST  OF  MAPS 


BETWEEN 
PAGES 

THE  WORLD 2-3 

CANADA — ALASKA 4-5 

UNITED  STATES  .     .     .     .      .     ..     .     .     . 12-13 

MEXICO 182-183 

CENTRAL  AMERICA 208-209 

SOUTH  AMERICA 218-219 

AFRICA 228-229 

ASIA   . .....'..  292-293 

AUSTRALIA    .  305-306 


Vin 


NORTH  AMERICA 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 

U.  S.  CURRENCY.  TON  =  2000  LBS. 

ALASKA 


ALASKA  GOLD  MINES  CO. 

(The  Alaska  Gastineau  Mining  Co.) 
PERSEVERANCE  MINE,  JUNEAU,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 

This  property  is  now  held  by  the  Alaska  Gold  Mines  Co.  and  is  being 
developed  to  produce  a  very  large  tonnage.  Extensive  preparations  such 
as  the  construction  of  the  first  milling  unit  of  6000  tons  per  day,  the  con- 
struction of  a  large  dam  for  a  5600-kw.  hydro-electric  plant  and  the  driving 
of  a  10,000-ft.  haulage  adit  are  now  under  way  or  completed. 

During  1912  the  mine  produced  and  milled  the  following  tonnage.  The 
figures  will  be  of  interest  as  a  guide  to  what  might  be  expected  of  the  prop- 
erty when  thoroughly  equipped  and  operating  upon  a  large  tonnage. 

COSTS  PER  TON 

Stoping  (105,658  tonsil $   .  1876 

Tramming  (74,930  tons^ 1868 

Milling  (74,930  tons) 2250 

Concent,  treatment,  shipment,  smelting,  etc 1260 

General  expense 0417 

Development;  prep,  of  stopes 0180 


Total |   .7851 

Ave.  value  of  mill  heads $1 .97 

Ave.  value  of  mill  tails 35 

Remarks.  Mine.- — The  ore  occurs  as  a  mineralized  zone  of  slate  which  is 
seamed  with  quartz  stringers  and  lenses.  The  stoping  width  varies  from 
70  ft.  to  120  ft.  The  mine  is  entered  by  adit  levels  and  the  zone  will  be 
mined  by  a  modified  caving  system  and  shrinkage  stope  method. 

The  ore  zone  is  exposed  for  a  length  of  over  3000  ft.  with  backs  of  from 
900  ft.  to  1800  ft.  above  the  present  working  level.  The  lower  haulage 
level  gains  a  further  depth  of  about  650  ft. 

Mill. — The  new  milling  plant  will  be  located  at  tide  water.  The  flow 
sheet  has  not  been  definitely  decided  upon  but  the  following  scheme  will 

3 


COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

probably  be  adopted:  Coarse  crushing  with  gyratory  crushers,  all  through 
Garfield  rolls  and  the  entire  product  to  roughing  tables;  the  concentrates 
to  Wilfley  tables  and  this  concentrate  product  to  storage.  The  roughing 
table  tails  and  Wilfley  tails  to  a  series  of  five  spigot  classifiers.  The  first 
two  spigot  product  to  Hardinge  pebble  mills  and  the  next  three  spigot 
product  to  roughing  tables,  the  tails  to  the  tail  race  and  the  concentrates  to 
Wilfley  tables;  this  table's  concentrates  go  to  bins  and  the  tails  to  the  tail 
race.  The  Hardinge  mill  product  goes  to  roughing  tables  and  Wilfleys  the 
same  as  above.  The  final  treatment  of  the  concentrates  has  not  been 
decided.  The  mineral  content  is  pyrrhotite,  sphalerite  and  galena.  The 
pyrrhotite  is  rather  lean  of  gold  values,  the  main  values  occurring  in  the 
other  two  minerals. 

The  results  shown  on  "costs  per  ton"  were  obtained  on  less  than  500 
tons  per  day  and  in  old  mill  inadequately  equipped. 

While  an  initial  mill  of  6000  tons  daily  capacity  is  being  erected,  the 
management  states  in  view  of  the  large  tonnage  indicated  by  the  present 
developments  that  a  much  larger  mill  capacity  will  be  provided  and  that 
probably  the  plant  will  be  increased  to  20,000  tons  per  day. 

Estimated  Earnings.' — The  engineers  estimate  that  the  following  results 
will  be  obtained  on  a  basis  of  6000  tons  per  day. 

Recovery  per  ton  at  least $1 . 50 

Total  costs — mining,  milling,  etc .75 


Profit  per  ton $0.75 

Earnings  per  annum  6000  ton  plant $1,500,000 

The  date  for  the  beginning  of  active  mining  and  milling  operations  is  set 
for  Dec.  31,  1914,  and  barring  delays  a  portion  of  the  new  mill  should  be 
operating  prior  to  that  date. 


170°          B  160°  150°C      140°  EO* 


130° 


120C 


110°  C  Longitude  100°     West 


1.  Dawson  2.  Kennicott 

5.  Hidden  Creek        6.  British  Columbi 


from     90°      Greenwich  E 


3.  Latouche  4.  Juneau 

Jection        7.  Cobalt        8.  Porcupine 


ALASKA 


ALASKA  JUNEAU  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
JUNEAU,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 

The  property  of  the  Alaska  Juneau  'Gold  Mining  Co.  is  situated  on  the 
mainland  near  Juneau  and  east  of  Gastineau  Channel.  This  mine  is  the  first 
of  the  big  properties  on  this  belt  to  be  equipped  and  the  first  unit  of  the  com- 
pany's mill  was  placed  in  commission  early  in  1914. 

A  very  interesting  account  of  the  Alaska-Juneau  property  appeared  in 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  of  December  6,  1913,  entitled  "Plans  of  the 
Alaska-Juneau  Gold  Mining  Co.,"  by  F.  W.  Bradley.  In  this  article  there  is 
given  a  comparison  between  the  estimated  costs  at  Alaska-Juneau  and  the 
average  of  the  large  mines  on  Douglas  Island.  By  permission  of  that  paper 
we  give  below  this  comparison,  together  with  a  brief  description  of  the 
property  and  operating  conditions  taken  from  the  information  given  in  the 
article. 

Comparison  between  the  ascertained  average  costs  per  ton  in  the  four 
Douglas  Island  mines  and  estimated  cost  at  the  Alaska-Juneau,  when  the 
latter  is  working  on  the  same  scale  as  the  Douglas  Island  mines  combined 
is  given  below: 


Alaska-Juneau 

Douglas    Island 
Mines 

Mining  : 
Development;,  sloping  and  general  
Underground  and  surface  tram.,  hoisting  and  pumping. 

$.24 
.16 

$.72 
.23     . 

Total  mining  

Milling  : 
Labor  

$.40 
.06 

$.95 
.09 

Supplies  

.04 

.04 

Power  

.05 

.04 

Miscellaneous  and  general  

.05 

.08 

Total  milling 

•     $  20 

$  25 

Concentrate  treatment 

07 

08 

Plant  construction  and  other  costs 

13 

12 

Grand  total  

$.80 

$1.40 

Description  of  Property  and  Operating  Conditions. — The  Alaska-Juneau  is 
developed  by  cross-cut  tunnel  6538  ft.  in  length.  At  this  point,  a  raise  800 
ft.  long  will  connect  with  surface  on  hanging-wall  side  of  vein.  If  driven  in 
the  vein  to  apex  it  would  be  2000  ft.  long.  The  portal  of  the  tunnel  is  about 
2  miles  back  of  town  of  Juneau  at  elevation  of  420  ft.  above  sea-level. 


6  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

The  Vein. — The  vein  where  cut  by  the  main  adit  has  a  normal  thickness  of 
about  500  ft.  with  an  average  assay  value  of  about  $2  per  ton.  The  vein  at 
this  point  should  yield  $1.70  per  ton.  It  is  expected  that  an  average  recov- 
ery of  $1.45  per  ton  will  be  obtained  from  the  entire  vein  when  mining  under- 
ground 6000  tons  per  day.  This  can  be  done  at  a  total  cost  of  not  to  exceed 
80  cents  per  ton  which  cost  will  be  somewhat  reduced  when  eventually  min- 
ing 12,000  tons  per  day. 

Mining. — The  mining  will  be  a  combination  of  the  Douglas  Island  methods 
and  the  caving  system  developed  in  the  adjoining  Perseverance  mine 
(Alaska  Gold  Mines  Co.).  It  is  expected  that  100  tons  of  broken  ore  per 
machine  drill  shift  will  be  secured  as  against  an  average  of  34  tons  in  the 
Douglas  Island  mines.  The  Juneau  vein  is  slate  with  loose  or  free  quartz 
stringers  and  some  metagabbro  dikes,  between  a  greenstone  foot-wall  and  a 
schist  hanging-wall,  while  the  Douglas  Island  vein  is  a  solid  hard  tough  dike 
of  diorite  with  frozen  quartz  stringers.  Juneau  ore  is  much  easier  to  drill; 
also,  it  will  slack  in  stopes,  while  Douglas  Island  ore  requires  considerable 
bulldozing. 

Haulage  System. — A  trolley  haulage  system  to  be  installed  in  present  cross- 
cut and  thence  over  tramway  to  mill  site  will  handle  6000  tons  daily.  A  sea- 
level  adit  is  now  being  driven  in  order  to  handle  a  total  of  12,000  tons  a 
day.  This  tunnel  will  be  9500  ft.  long  to  the  vein  at  a  point  400  ft.  vertically 
below  present  cross-cut. 

Milling. — Mill  will  be  in  four  units  of  150  stamps  each.  Capacity  of 
each  unit  3000  tons  per  day.  The  mill-feed  can  be  enriched  by  sorting  and 
roughing  out  the  waste.  It  is  expected  that  20  per  cent,  of  the  waste  will 
be  trommelled  off  in  the  rock-crushing  house.  This  is  due  to  the  quartz 
(the  principal  values  being  carried  in  it)  which  occurs  as  loose  or  free  stringers 
being  more  friable  than  the  slate  and  breaking  into  smaller  pieces.  In 
speaking  of  the  values,  Mr.  Bradley  says: 

"The  principal  value  in  the  ore  is  due  to  free  gold,  there  being  less  than  2 
per  cent,  of  sulphides,  which  have  an  assay  value  of  less  than  $30  per  ton. 
This  is  practically  all  gold,  but  includes  some  silver,  lead,  and  copper  value. 
Consequently  the  concentrates  will  not  be  so  easy  to  treat  as  are  the  straight 
iron  pyrite  concentrates  of  the  Douglas  Island  mines." 

Battery  water  and  water  for  some  power  will  be  taken  from  Gold  Creek. 
An  auxiliary  steam  plant  will  also  be  provided.  Eventually  hydro-electric 
power  will  be  obtained  from  Nugget  Creek  15  miles,  and  possibly  from  the 
Speel  River. 

No  figures  are  given  on  ore  reserves,  but  in  this  connection  Mr.  Bradley 
states  that  it  is  expected  that  operations  on  this  mine  will  be  continued  for  a 
hundred  years  or  more. 


ALASKA 


ALASKA  TREADWELL  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
DOUGLAS  ISLAND,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Now  Ends  Dec.  31 

1912 

May  16,  1910, 
to 
Dec.  31,  1911 

May  16,  1909 
to 
May  16,  1910, 

Metal  production  

$2,183,150.81 

$3,258,432.12 

$2,076,903.00 

3,399,478.85 

2,171,504.17 

1,250,598.70 

1,937,349.82 

1,190,208.84 

$    932,552.11 

$1,462,129.03 

$    981,295.33 

892,192 

1,349,264 

744,226 

$2.447 

$2.4157 

$2.7939 

1.292 

1  .  3938 

1.6177 

Val.  per  ton  sulph  
Gr.  val.  per  ton  

1.155 
2.621 

1.0219 
2.5873 

1.1762 
2.9549 

1.045 

1.0837 

1.3185 

Costs  per  ton  milled: 

Mining  and  dev  
Milling  
Sulph.  ex.          

$   .852 
.204 
.076 

$1.0004 
.1997 
.0999 

$1.1766 
.1799 
.  1219 

.0589 

.05,67 

S   F   office 

.0122 

.0109 

.0014 

.0019 

.0002 

.0003 

Taxes 

.0133 

.0035 

Bullion  charges 

.039 

.0123 

.0139 

231 

0375 

.0316 

Total  

Dev.  for  year  
Total  dev  

$1.402 
10,753  ft. 

$1.4358 

15,533  ft. 
122,563 

$1  .  59901 
13,011  ft. 

Ore  reserves — 6,977,958  tons. 

General  expense  is  charged  into  and  absorbed  by  Mining  and  Development, 
Milling,  etc.  The  plant  is  run  mainly  by  water  power,  the  remaining  time 
by  steam. 


Running  time 

Steam 

Water 

T.  era.  per  Ib. 
of  chrome 
steel  shoes 

T.  era.  per  Ib. 
of  iron  dies 

240  stps  569  5  days 

239 

330  5 

2.85 

4.53 

300  atps.  438  days  

43 

395 

2.55 

4.40 

1  A  charge  of  $0.0018  per  ton  for  consulting  engineer  does  not  show  in  items. 
See  also  Appendix,  pages  347  and  398. 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

ALASKA  MEXICAN  GOLD  MINE  CO. 
DOUGLAS  ISLAND,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gross  production  .                     ... 

$671,473.10 

$677,407  85 

$781  210  28 

Total  expenses  

413,075  56 

419,526  95 

500  456  55 

Total  profit  

$258,397.54 

$257,880.90 

$380,753  73 

Tons  ore  milled 

233  289 

236  383 

222  698 

Value  per  ton  recovered 

$2  878 

$2  9679 

$3  4849 

Value  per  ton  free  gold 

$1  314 

$1  4246 

$1  7760 

Value  per  ton  sulpht.  .  .    . 

$1   564 

$1   5433 

$1  7089 

Gross  val.  per  ton  

$3  078 

$3  2638 

$3  6109 

Profit  per  ton  

$1   107 

$1  0909 

$1  7097 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 
Mining  and  development  

$1.139 

$1.2036 

$1  2198 

Milling 

231 

2697 

2481 

Sulpht.  expenses 

084 

0999 

1237 

General  expenses 

1259 

0895 

San  Francisco  office 

0170 

0181 

London  office 

0031 

0036 

Paris  office 

0005 

0006 

Taxes^  

0161 

0198 

Bullion  expenses  . 

053 

0123 

0157 

Construction  and  repairing 

264 

0244 

0067 

Boarding  house  losses.  . 

0011 

006  11 

Interest  

0012 

04662 

Total.  
Development,  feet  

$1.771 
3,530 

$1.7748 
3,613 

f  1.7083 

6,646 

Remarks. — Mill  has  120  stamps. 

Stamp  duty  tons  per  24  hours 5 . 27 

Per  cent,  sulphurets  in  ore ,2 . 26 

The  mine  is  located  on  Douglas  Island  adjoining  the  Alaska  Tread  well 
and  is  under  the  same  management.  The  same  general  conditions  apply  to 
the  two  properties.  The  mine  is  operated  through  shaft  to  a  depth  of  1570  ft. 

Running  time  of  mill 373 . 25  days. 

Run  by  steam  power 201 . 3     days. 

Run  by  water  power 171 . 9  days. 

In  mill  1  Ib.  chrome  steel  in  shoes  crushed  2.61. 
In  mill  1  Ib.  iron  in  dies  in  shoes  crushed  5.71. 
The  mill  sands  are  used  to  fill  stopes. 
Ore  reserves — 1,040,631  tons. 

1  Con.,  eng.  and  stock  expenses  only.  2  Alaska  United  bullion  account. 


For  more  recent  operations  see  Appendix,  page  398. 


ALASKA 

ALASKA  UNITED  MINES 
DOUGLAS  ISLAND  ALASKA,  U.  S-  A. 


Year  Ends  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Ready  Bullion  Claim: 

$611,603.35 

$519,283 

$489,693 

$494,227 

343  230  08 

Profits 

268,373  27 

Tons  of  ore  milled  
Value  per  ton  recovered  

216,454 

$2.826 

223,668 
$2.32 

232,330 
$2.11 

227,710 
$2.17 

1.460 

1.366 

2.996 

Profits  per  ton                                    

1.240 

.61 

.64 

.61 

Cost  per  ton  milled  : 

$1  009 

.253 

.106 

.177 

Bullion  charges   etc 

.041 

Total                            

$1.586 

$1.71 

$1.47 

$1.56 

700  Claim: 

$570,985  93 

$528,623 

$402  764 

$459,246 

360,324.89 

Profits 

210,661.04 

Tons  of  ore  milled  
Value  per  ton  recovered  
Free  gold  

234,339 
$2.437 
1.198 

224,968 
$2.35 

188,329 
$2.14 

190,474 

$2.41 

Sulphurets  

1.239 

2  607 

Profits  per  ton 

902 

79 

53 

63 

Cost  per  ton  milled  : 
Mining  and  development  

$1.024 

Milling  

.217 
080 

181 

Bullion  charges   etc 

036 

Total  

$1  .  538 

$1.56 

$1.61 

$1.78 

Remarks. — The  same  general  conditions  apply  here  as  at  Alaska  Treadwell. 
Ore  reserves — 1, 154,273  tons. 


For  more  recent  operations  see  Appendix,  page  398. 


10 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


BEATSON  COPPER  CO. 
LA  TOTTCHE  ISLAND,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


Average  Crude  Ore : 

Per  cent,  copper 6.38 

Silver,  ounces  (approximately) 1 . 00 

Costs  per  ton : 

General  labor $   .07 

Ore-breaking 1 . 53 

Tramming .15 

Ore-sorting i .05 

Loading  steamers .09 

Supplies , .33 

Salaries .14 

Shift  boss .05 

Laboratory .08 

Electrical  power  lighting .02 

Compressor  plant .19 

Maintenance  and  repairs .18 

General  expense .01 

Office  salaries .05 

Marine  insurance .01 

Depreciation  mine  1  . 06 
Liability  insurance  / 

Total  cost  at  mine $3 . 01 

For  freight  rates  and  smelter  charges  see  "Remarks" 

Cost  per  pound : 

Approximate,  crediting  silver 8ff 


Remarks.' — Property  situated  on  coast.  One-mile  tramway  to  water. 
Mine  is  developed  entirely  by  tunnel,  no  shafts.  Ore-bodies  average  40  to 
150  ft.  wide.  Ore  is  chalcopyrite  in  quartzite.  Method  of  mining  is  quarry- 
ing, glory-hole  and  caving.  No  timber  is  used.  At  quarry  ore-body  150  ft. 
wide.  Ore  is  direct  smelting  and  is  shipped  by  boat  to  Tacoma  smelter. 
Ore  is  excellent  one  to  smelt,  carries  excess  silica.  Smelting  rates  are 
reasonable,  from  $1  to  $2,  depending  on  character  of  ore.  Freight  rates 
Prince  Williams  Sound  to  Tacoma  $3  per  ton,  1400  miles. 


ALASKA 


11 


KENNICOTT  MINES  CO. 
COPPER  RIVER  DISTRICT,  ALASKA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


Copper  contents  per  ton: 

Ore  shipped,  per  cent,  copper. 
Ounces  silver 

Costs  per  ton: 

Ore  breaking 

Tramming 

Mine  maintenance 

M  ine  slide 

Aerial  tram 

Sacking  and  shipping 

General  maintenance 

General  expense 

Costs  per  pound: 

Mining 

Freight,  incl.  R.R.  and  steamship . 

Smelt,  ref.  and  selling. 

Marine  insurance 

General  expenste 

Crediting  gold  and  silver 

Total  costs  per  pound 


60.35 
12 


$1.22 
.12 
.05 
.64 
.44 
2.03 
.39 


$5.85 


2.03 

2.08 

.09 

.09 

5.32 

.89 

4.43jf 


Remarks. — The  Bonanza  mine  is  located  198  miles  by  railroad  from  the 
coast.  The  ore  occurs  in  fissures  and  in  bedding  planes  in  limestone.  The 
mineralized  area  varies  from  14  ft.  to  120  ft.  At  one  place  there  is  a  stope 
40  ft.  wide  of  solid  chalcocite  ore  averaging  approximately  70  per  cent, 
copper. 

The  property  is  developed  by  tunnel  and  incline,  no  hoisting  being  done. 
The  mine  is  opened  to  a  depth  of  400  ft.  The  method  of  working  the  ore  is 
by  open  quarry  and  square-set  system;  also,  some  caving  is  done.  The 
aerial  tram  line  from  mine  to  railroad  is  15,000  ft.  in  length. 

The  ore  is  shipped  by  rail  to  the  coast  and  thence  by  boat  to  the  Tacoma 
smelter.  The  property  has  a  concentrating  mill,  but  only  a  very  small 
proportion  of  concentrates  are  made.  The  ore  is  practically  smelted  direct. 


ARIZONA 

TOM  REED  GOLD  MINES  CO. 
OATMAN,  MOJAVE  Co.,  ARIZ.,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  April  1 

1912 

Production 

$802,598  71 

Mill: 
Tons  ore  milled.       .             .    .                              .             

39,447 

Average  value  per  ton  recovered  
Tons  tailings  milled  
Average  value  per  ton  recovered  
Mill  extraction   per  cent  

$19.53 
4,477 

$7.25 
94  .  85 

Costs  per  ton  : 

$1  85 

3  27 

Milling 

1   46 

Cyaniding                                                                                  

1.42 

Miscellaneous                                                               

1.37 

General  expense                                   .               

.384 

$9  .  754 

Note. — The  vein  is  a  fissure  with  a  filling  of  quartz  and  silicified  andesite. 
A  stoping  width  of  from  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  is  maintained.  Worked  by  inclined 
shaft;  present  depth  about  700  ft.  Gold  occurs  in  free  state  mainly.  Mill 
is  20  stamps,  tube  mill  regrind  sliming  the  whole  product.  Cyanide  treat- 
ment in  Pachuca  agitation  tanks  follows  crushing. 

The  mine  is  located  about  18  miles  from  the  railroad.  The  hauling  of 
supplies  is  not  a  simple  problem  owing  to  a  heavy  grade  over  one  mountain 
range.  Electric  power  is  purchased  at  from  $10  to  $12  per  horse-power 
month.  Water  is  scarce  and  cost  of  timber  and  supplies  high. 


12 


P""*GO|    \  Mon-te^T 

104°       Longitude      Q  West 


1.  Wallace  2.  Butte  3.  Copper  Be 
6.  Mason  7.  Ely  District  8.  Tone 
12.  Globe  13.  Clifton-Morenci  14. 

17.  Cripple  Creek         18.  Leadville 
22.  Lake  Superior  District         23.  Duckto 


~* SSs^ss-BSsa  j&*  \;ns-,ng  f^&gww*  * 

risoa*L-,l  I3£***»B5^  ^pr^is* 
Fi^t:SJ^^ 


lUtn  l>«"^  »»-•--«•        i    *y  L\\jy 


Galveston 

G   V  L    F         0 , 

UNITED  STATES 

SCALE   OF   MILES 


4.  Dredging  Section         5.  Mother  Lode  (gold) 

9.  Goldfield         10.  Kingman         11.  Ray 
>bee     '    15.  Chino         16.  San  Juan  District 
9.  Breckenridge         20.  Lead         21.  Joplin 

24.  Tintic         25.  Bingham         26.  Park  City 


ARIZONA 


13 


YUMA  GOLD  MINE 
YUMA  COUNTY,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 
Period  One  Month 
Production  bullion  : 
Precipitation,  ounces  gold  1,968 
Amalgam,  ounces  gold  833  .  5 
Precipitation  product  valued  at  $24,963 
Amalgamation  product  valued  at  12,162 

1,450 
667 
$17,534 
9,902 

.73 

Total  value  
Operating  expenses  
Operating  profit   ....        .                 

$37,125 
17,363 

$27,437 
18,756 

$19,762 

2,458 
$15.10 
$8.04 

$0.68 

$8,681 

2,166 

$12.66 
$4.00 

...            $0 

Tonnage  and  values  : 
Tons  treated  
Total  value  per  ton  recovered  

Operating  profit  per  ton  

Cost  per  ton: 

Administration 

Mining  : 
Ore  breaking  
Hauling  and  mucking  
Hoisting,  pumping,  timbering,  assaying,  black- 
smith, air  drills,  etc. 
Total  mining  

.665          
.265          
2.03            

.86 
.33 
2.61 

$2.96           $2.96 

$   .282          
.432          

$3  .  80         $3 

$   .33 
.57 
.99 

.80 

Milling  : 
Crushers  

Rolls  

Tube  mills  

.944          
.568          
695 

Amalgamation  and  agitation  

.72 
92 

Filter  press 

Precipitation 

210                .    . 

25 

Refinery 

.123          
.087         ...... 

.12 
.11 

.02 
10 

Assaying  

Total  milling 

$3.34 
$3  34 

$4.02 

$4 

Company  buildings  

.07 

Total  costs.  .  . 

$7.064 

•$8 

66 

Remarks. — The  above  costs  are  for  a  gold  mine  situated  in  southwestern 
Arizona.  Mine  is  located  50  miles  from  railroad  by  good  wagon  road. 
Mine  is  developed  by  two  shafts,  depth  250  to  300  ft.  Ore  occurs  in  shoots 
in  silicified  zone  in  porphyry  near  contact  of  porphyry  and  shale.  Zone  is 
25  to  75  ft.  wide.  The  high-grade  ore  varies  from  2  to  7  ft.  Ore  consists 
of  quartz  and  silicified  brecciated  pieces  of  porphyry.  The  gold  occurs  to 
a  large  extent  free.  The  method  of  treatment  is  amalgamation  and  cyanide. 
The  wage  scale  and  cost  of  supplies  is  about  the  same  as  Arizona  camps. 
Hauling  to  railroad  cost  $13  per  ton.  Water  is  pumped  from  wells  1000 
ft.  deep. 


14 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  BISBEE  CAMP 
ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 

(See  Appendix,  page  347) 

CALUMET  AND  ARIZONA  (NEW) 

REPRESENTING  A  MERGER  OP  THE  CALUMET  &  ARIZONA  AND  SUPERIOR  & 
PITTSBURG,  BISBEE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 
Pounds  copper 

52  987  383 

53  108  628 

49  945  905 

Ounces  silver 

880  915 

594  319 

453  947 

Ounces  gold 

18  989 

22  881 

18  114 

Gross  income  : 
Copper,  silver  and  gold.       

$9,181,995 

$9,131,967 

$6  842  683 

Expenses  

4,960,528 

4,547,973 

4,270  441 

Net  earnings  on  production  

$4,221,467 

$4,583,994 

$2,572,242 

Exploration  outside  properties  

146,830 

43,111 

46,920 

Net  income  

$4,074,637 

$4,540,883 

$4,525,321 

Smelter  : 
Tons  ore  smelted  

476.9371 

477,496 

457,435 

Pounds  recovered  per  ton  

111 

111 

109 

Cost  per  ton  smelted  (calculated)  : 
Expenses  at  mine  and  smelter  

$8.05 

$7.82 

$7.67 

Sal.  office  and  general  expenses  

.14 

.14 

.18 

1  54 

1  58 

1  49 

69s 

08 

Total 

$10  42 

$9  54 

$9  42 

Value  precious  metal  per  ton  refined  copper. 
Net  cost  prod,  copper  per  Ib.  crediting  gold 
and  silver,  as  given  in  report 

$24.36 
7.65ff 

$30.86 
7.02>f 

$24.15 
7.34f< 

1  No  tonnage  figures  are  given.     This  figure  is  taken'from  the  detailed  operating  sheets  of 
the  Calumet  and  Arizona  and  Superior  and  Pittsburg  properties.      It  is  for  total  tons 
sampled. 

2  State  and  Federal  tax. 

The  above  represent  the  combined  operations  of  the  Calumet  &  Arizona 
and  the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  properties.  For  more  detailed  information 
see  cost  data  given  under  Calumet  &  Arizona  and  Superior  &  Pittsburg 
properties. 


ARIZONA 


15. 


CALUMET  &  ARIZONA  MINING  CO. 

BISBEE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31                     | 

1913       | 

1912 

1911 

1910 

Production  : 

0) 

16,490,229 

21,476,739 

28,029,506 

233,092 

216,987 

9,066 

9,329 

$323,252 

$301,309 

$265,364 

2,897,024 

$2.983,665 

$4,106,396 

Prof,  smelt,  custom  ore  

144,687 

Total           

$2,424,428 

$2,897,024 

$2,983,665 

$4,251,084 

2,925,302 

2  983  665 

4  251  084 

Expenditures  

$1,405,285 

1,734,926 

2,080,025 

2,815,625 

$1  019,142 

$1,190,375 

$893  639 

$1  435  459 

Mine  and  smelter  :     Dry  tons  mined  

102,892 
104  177 

179,788 
176,049 

244,067 
244  772 

315,081 
315  128 

107.7016 

159,513 

212  370 

281  0437 

17,054 

38  831 

34  324 

Pounds  copper  recovered  dry  
Per  cent  copper  recovered     .    .  . 

89.69 
4  485 

92.129 
4  606 

97.677 
4  884 

92.285 
4  614 

(2) 

12  4922{i 

12  9316)5 

Gold  and  silver  per  ton  refined  copper 

$39  20 

$28  07 

$18  93 

Cost  per  ton  smelted  (calculated)  : 
Exp.  mining  and  smelting  

$7.80 

$7.65* 

$7.16 
04 

$6.81 
21 

Sales  office  and  gen'l  exp  

.26 

.20 

.1)6 

.15 

Frt.  ref.  and  mkt  

1.37 

1.31 

1.15 

1.23 

Total  cost  per  ton  

$10  426 

$9  16 

$8  51 

$8  40 

Less  gold  and  silver  per  ton  

1.71 

1.40 

.79 

Total       

$7  45 

|7  n3 

$7  61 

Cost  per  pound  (as  given  in  report)  : 
Cost  per  pound  crediting  gold  and  silver 
General  :     Development,  feet  

15  635 

8.561 

25  787 

8.33>f 
26  196 

9.07jf 
30  848 

Tons  mined  per  ft,  developed  

7  4 

16  1 

9  11 

No.  men  employed  mine  and  smelter  .  .  . 



1,347 

1,038 

1,161 

1  Production  not  given.  An  approximate  figure  may  be  had  by  multiplying  the  tons  by 
pounds  recovered.  2  Not  given.  Copper  for  year  E.  &  M.  J.  quotation  was  16.3ff.  «  Assum- 
ing a  recovery  of  85.5  Ib.  Tonnage  Courtland  ore  not  given  in  1911  report.  *  Approximate- 
ly 12,500  tons  of  Courtland  ore  as  reported  shipped  in  the  1912  annual  report  have  been 
added.  This  gives  an  assumed  average  recovery  of  87.2  Ib.  per  dry  ton  on  all  ores  treated. 
« Including  $.79  Federal  and  State  tax  and  $.20  interest.  «  Tons  sampled.  In  addition  to 
this  tonnage  the  Courtland' camp  produced  the  following:  Tons  mined  wet,  29,391;  tons 
sampled  dry,  26,935;  pounds  copper  rec.  per  ton,  98.60;  per  cent,  assay  per  dry  ton,  5.4 
per  cent.  7  In  addition  17,624  tons  of  Courtland  flux  ore  was  smelted.  This  gives  a 
recovery  of  83 . 9  Ibs. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  348 


16 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


PHELPS-DODGE  &  CO. 

Operating  the  Copper  Queen,  Detroit,  Moctezuma  and  other  properties 
Arizona,  New  Mexico  and  Mexico 

This  company  owns  and  operates  the  Copper  Queen  Mine  at  Bisbee, 
Arizona;  the  Detroit  property  at  Morenci,  Arizona;  the  Moctezuma,  at 
Nacozari,  Mexico;  Burro  Mountain,  Leopold,  N.  M.;  Stag  Canon  Fuel  Co., 
and  Phelps-Dodge  Mercantile  Co. 

The  net  profits  of  these  properties  are  as  follows: 


Copper  Queen:  1913 

Net  earnings ' $6,916,900 


1912 
$6,977,378 

Depreciation 642,958  780,612 

Net  profits $6,273,942     $6,273,942     $6,196,766     $6,196,766 

Detroit : 

Net  earnings $1,112,870  $1,406,170 

Depreciation 149,899  146.484 

Net  profits $962,971        $962,971     $1,259,686         l,259,68e 

Moctezuma : 

Net  earnings $2,402,447  $2,735,061 

Depreciation 400,037  790,655 

Net  profits $2,002,410  $2,002,410      $1,944,406 

Burro  Mountain: 

Deficit $199,235      $199,235  $84,105 

Stag  Canon:  def. 

Net  earnings $362,564  $346,350 

Depreciation 274,858  59,436 

Net  profits $87,706!         $87,706        $286,913 

P-D  Mercantile  Co. : 

Net  earnings $649,518  $575,694 

Depreciation 20,746  23,566 

Net  profits $628,772        $628,772          552,128 

Total  net  profits 

Commissions  and  miscellaneous  earnings $471,494      

Less  expenses,  taxes,  etc 173,785      

$297,709      

Net  profit : 

Final  net  profit $10,054,275      

Production,  company's  ores,  pounds,  copper. . .    147,498,580      

Ounces,  silver 

Ounces,  gold 

Production  including  custom  ores : 

Copper 155,665,712 

Ounces,  silver 

Ounces,  gold 

Price  received  for  copper 15.37£      

i  After  paying  $179,404  losses  paid  account  explosion. 


ARIZONA 


17 


COPPER  QUEEN  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

BISBEE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 

Owned  by  Phelps-Dodge  Co. 


Period,  Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1913 

1912                      1911 

Production,  reduction  works  : 
Ores  and  precipitates,  pounds,  copper.  .  .  . 
Lease  ores,  Copper  Queen  
Moctezuma  ore  and  concentrate  

82,355,137 
3,250,490 
36,598,132 
8,167,132 
3,039,691 

79,856,168 
1,899,170 
31,739,748 
8,050,091 
21,330,923 

75,200,392 
460,766 
25,511,582 
10,272,489 

Old  dump  slag  and  cleanings  

Total  copper  pounds  

133,410,582 
1,870,162 
31,141 
717,088 

$6,916,900 
642,958 

123,876,100 
1,689,152 
27,687 
584,642 

$6,977,378 
780,612 

111,445,229 
1,794,895 
27,154 
598,941 

$4,155,010 
1,388,575 

Silver  custom  ore  included  in  above  
Profit  : 

Depreciation  plant  and  mines  
Net  profit 

$6,273,942 

692,897 
21,287 
140,134 
82,874 
97,165 

$6,196,766 

672,280 
9,027 
124,083 
97,574 
59,840 

$2,766,435 

623,474 
5,794 
111,462 
106,751 

Tons  treated  : 

Old  dump  slag  and  cleanings  

Total  tons 

1,034,357 

1,193,726 
134,513,330 

1,013,767 
822,283 
12.4 
154,472 
18.79 

123,099 
102,630 
179,958 

206,493 
6.5 
67,256 

105,937 

962,914 

1,151,949 
124,915,708 

1,095,861 
845,885 
12.78 
180,522 
20.97 

847,481 

1,135,646 
111,445,229 

854,463 

Smelter  : 

Blast  furnaces  : 
Tons  charge  treated  
Of  which  was  ore  
Per  cent,  coke  per  ton  charge  

Reverberatory  Department:1 

Tons  smelted  
Matte  produced  
Matte  fall  per  cent  
Converter  Department: 
Tons  matte  treated  

56,086 
15,163 
29.84 

195,685 
6.16 
62,458 

78,135 
14.9 

5.78 

General  : 

Development  ft.  at  mine  
Timber  used  per  ton   mined  

62,150 
16.6 

1  Was  placed  in  commission  in  June,  1912. 

2 


18 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


STOPING  COSTS  PER  TON   1913 

Four  methods  of  sloping  are  practised,  the  choice  depending  on  local 
conditions.    The  comparative  costs  are: 


Tonnage 

Labor 

Timber 

Explosives 

Total 
per  ton 

In  square  setting  
In  top  slicing  
In  cut  and  fill  

612,299 
20,582 
58,239 

$1.555 
1.010 
1.170 

$.473 
.210 
.110 

$.085 
.080 
.120 

$2.113 
1.300 
1.400 

In  shrinkage  

3,822 

Total  

694,942 

$1.506 

$.434 

$.088 

$2.028 

Analysis  of  all  ore  smelted  in  1910  was:  SiO2,  19.7;  Fe,  26.2;  CaO,  2.06; 
A12O3,  8.9;  S,  17.85;  Cu,  7.76. 

The  report  of  the  Copper  Queen  Co.  contains  no  figures  which  permit  of 
cost  computations. 

Remarks. — (See  General  Remarks,  Bisbee.) 

Property  is  developed  by  seven  large  shafts,  i.e.,  Czar  400  ft.  deep,  Hoi- 
brook  600  ft.,  Spray  900  ft.,  Gardner  1000  ft.,  Dalles  (new)  1409  ft.,  Lowell 
1400  ft.,  and  Sacramento  1600  ft.  Mines  have  electric  haulage.  Pumping 
not  heavy.  The  ores  are  both  oxides  and  sulphides  of  copper.  Ore  is  hand- 
sorted  underground.  The  grade  shipped  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  7  per 
cent.  The  method  of  mining  is  principally  square  set,  though  some  top 
slicing,  cutting  and  filling  is  used.  A  considerable  saving  is  said  to  have 
been  made  in  timber  cost  in  past  few  years.  Was  25  to  30 i  per  ton,  while 
in  1912  it  was  down  to  18  ff.  Formerly  used  10  X 12  and  12  X 12.  Now  using 
smaller  timbers,  8X8,  and  filling  closer. 

An  estimate  of  the  cost  per  ton  would  be  something  as  follows: 


Mining 

Smelting 

Freight 

Converting,  mkt.,  ship.,  ref.  and  selling 


$4.00 

3.00 

.25 

2.20 

$9 . 45     From  this  to  $9  per  ton. 


The  ores  are  smelted  direct.  Smelter  is  located  at  Douglas,  25  to  30  miles 
from  mines.  Rail  connection,  mines  to  reduction  plants.  Blister  copper 
shipped  to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining.  Company  employs  4000  men, 
2500  at  mine  and  1500  at  smelter. 

The  limestone  ore  reserves  Dec.  31  1913,  amounted  to  2,356,729  tons. 


ARIZONA 


19 


SHATTUCK-ARIZONA  COPPER  CO. 
BISBEE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 

Period :  Year  ending            August  1  to 

Production:  Dec.  31,  1913         Dec.  31,  1912 

Copper,  pounds  recovered 13,219,756                  1,746,493 

Silver,  ounces  recovered 236,000                       15,165 

Gold,  ounces  recovered 2,033                               16 

Lead,  pounds  recovered 1,483,956          

17  mos.,  Aug.  1,  1912 

Gross  income  (Aug.  1,    1912  to  Dec.  31,  1913)  :  to  Dec.  31,  1913 

Gross  value  copper,  gold,  silver  and  lead $2,545,007 

Total  receipts  after  interest  and  miscellaneous  . .  2,562,668 

Total  disbursements 1,411,788 

Net  profit $1,150,879 

Mine: 

Copper  ore : 

Stoped  wet,  tons 94,095                        7.7541 

Shipped  wet,  tons 99,075                      12,806 

Smelted  wet,  tons 99,089                      12,244 

Smelted  dry,  tons 89,343                      10,913 

Pounds  recovered  per  ton  dry 147.96                      160.52 

Lead  ore : 

Stoped  wet,  tons 4,822 

Shipped  wet,  tons 5,090 

Smelted  wet,  tons 5,090             No  production 

Smelted  dry,  tons 4,874 

Pounds  recovered  per  ton  dry 304 . 48 

Cost  per  ton  smelted  dry : 

Development *1 . 43 

Mining  and  delivery  to  smelter 5.41 

Smelting,  refining  and  selling 6 . 29            Costs  not  repre- 

General  and  depreciation .52          sentative.      Ore 

Total  cost $13 . 65           obtained      from 

Credit  gold,  silver  and  lead 2.95          development. 

Net  total $10 . 70 

Cost  per  pound : 

Refined  copper,  deducting  credits 7. 22f<        Not  available 

General : 

Value  gold  and  silver  recovered  per  ton  ore  smelted  $2. 03          

Precious  metal  values  per  ton  refined  copper 27.49          

Lead  ore  credit  per  ton  refined  copper 12. 37          

Total  credit  per  ton  refined $39. 86          

Gross  price  received  per  pound  delivered  refined  15.4298f$        

copper. 

Average  price  equal  New  York  delivery 15.3081^        

Development,  ft 20,147          

1  Mined.    In  addition,  5052  tons  came  from  the  stock  pile. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  348 


20 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SUPERIOR  &  PITTSBURG  COPPER  COMPANY 
BISBEE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

Copper   pounds 

(2) 

36  618  399 

28  469  166 

26  133  790 

Value,  gold  and  silver 

$496  254 

$301,785 

$234  998 

Income  : 

Sales  bullion  

$6,737,521 

$6,186,964 

$3,859,018 

$3,444,757 

Miscellaneous  income  

47,881 

19,701 

410 

Total  income 

6,785  402 

6  206  665 

3,859,018 

3,445,167 

Expenses  

3,583,077 

2,813,046 

2,180,415 

2,509,725 

Net  earnings  
Mine  and  smelter  : 
Tons  ore  mined  dry  
Tons  ore  shipped  dry  
Tons  ore  smelted  dry  
Pounds  copper  recovered.  . 
Per  cent,  copper  recovered 
Val.  gold  and  silver  per  ton 
refined  copper 
Cost    per    ton    smelted  (cal- 
culated) : 
Mining  and  smelting 

$3,202,324 

359,333 
342,160 
342,3013 
115.698 

5.7854 

$8   12 

$3,393,619 

292,874 
288,845 
288,429 
127.2 
6.36 
$27.10 

$7  896 

$1,678,602 

205,603 
205,675 
206,234 
138.3 
6.917 
$21.20 

$8.35 

$935,442 

227,857 
227,756 
227,114 
115.3 
5.76 
$17.98 

$9.05 

Sales  office  general  expense 
Frt  ,  ref   and  mkt 

.10 
1   59 

.108 
1  75 

.19 
1.92 

.25 
1.57 

Construction  

.655 

.13 

.22 

Total 

$10  47 

$9  754 

$10.59 

$11.09 

Cost  per  pound  (as  given  in 
report)  : 
Cost  per  Ib.  cr.  gold  and  sil. 
Price  rec  'd  for  copper  
Development  
Men  employed  

47,201 

6.33?i 
C1) 
29,547 

485 

6.60?! 
12.49(* 
25,322 
344 

8.7*- 
12.93?S 
27,847 
536 

Amt.  water  pumped,  gal.  . 
Depth  deepest  shaft  

1,566,756,779 

1,620,218,296 
1,837 

1,579,255,906 
1,837  ft. 

1,516,014,750 
1,774  ft. 

Remarks. — Property  adjoins  the  Calumet  and  Arizona.  Mine  developed  by  four  large 
shafts.  Depth  is  greater  at  this  mine,  1800  ft.  having  been  attained.  The  ore-bodies  occur 
in  limestone  near  the  porphyry  as  is  the  case  at  the  C  and  A  mine,  Copper  Queen  and  others. 
At  this  mine  the  sulphide  ores  predominate  though  considerable  oxides  are  found.  Ore  con- 
sists of  chalcocite,  chalcopyrite,  also  with  various  carbonates  and  oxides.  At  the  Junction 
shaft  the  sulphide  ores  are  mined  by  top  slicing.  At  the  other  shafts  the  method  is  princi- 
pally square-setting.  The  ore-bodies  are  often  very  large.  One  has  been  opened  for  800  ft. 
in  length,  50  ft.  wide  and  for  300  ft.  in  depth  of  continuous  ore.  The  mine  is  very  wet  as  will 
be  seen  from  the  amount  of  water  pumped.  Water  is  handled  for  the  Copper  Queen  and  also 
for  the  C  and  A  mines.  The  figures  given  are  the  total  quantity  pumped.  The  ore  is  treated 
at  C  and  A  smelter  at  Douglas,  25  miles  by  rail.  Freight  rate  favorable.  Plant  contains 
smelting  and  converter  departments.  Blister  is  shipped  east  for  refining. 

1  Not  given — the  average  for  the  year  was  16.3?f.  2  Production  not  given.  An  approxi- 
mate figure  may  be  obtained  by  multiplying  the  tons  and  pounds  recovered.  3  Tons 
sampled.  4  The  assay  of  the  dry  ore  was  6.272  per  cent.  6  State  and  Federal  tax. 


ARIZONA 


21 


Clifton-Morenci  District 

ARIZONA  COPPER  COMPANY,  LTD. 
CLIFTON  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


J  reduction  : 

38,150,000 

34,569,019 

32,161,205 

32  017  487 

Income  : 

£1,184,051 

£866,863 

£832,291 

£841  509 

753,076 

654,499 

663,910 

638  583 

£430,985 

£212,364 

£168,381 

£202  926 

Balance  after  inc.  other  Go's  
Profit  after  int.,  debentures,  etc  
Mine: 
Tons  mined  dry  
Yield  per  ton,  pounds  

£504,108 
£480,775 

927,116 
41.15 

£285,488 
£262,340 

744,746 
46.4 

£254,471 
£227,646 

788,986 
42.64 

£333,479 
£302,435 

741,068 
43 

Per  cent.  cone,  ore  of  total  

96 

94 

96 

4 

6 

4 

46  9 

43  04 

Concentrator  : 

782,100 

582,335 

559,250 

565  085 

Ratio  of  cone 

6.74  to  1 

5.6  to  1 

5.14  to  1 

5  8  to  1 

Oxide  cone,  and  leacher  : 
Tons  treated  dry           

108,230 

104,754 

115,223 

111  513 

Tailing  leached  
Copper  prod.,  per  cent,  of  total  copper 
Tons  sulphuric  used  
Smelting  department  : 
Ore  and  cone,  smelted  

89,890 
9.71 
3,998 

158,529 

90,526 
11.5 

3,778 

153,991 

102,831 
11.3 
2,971 

158,532 

101,921 
9.52 
3,365 

142,409 

Total  with  fluxes 

236  035 

230  833 

Yield  ore  and  cone.,  per  cent.  copper..  . 
Total  copper  prod,  as  finally  adjusted. 
Cost  per  ton  mined,  calculated  (approxi- 
mations) : 
Mining,  cone,  and  leaching  

12.03 
38,132,000 

$2  19 

11.22 
34,584,000 

$2  25 

10.14 
32,210,000 

$2   12 

11.24 
31,962,000 

$2  25 

Smelting,  conv.,  shipping  and  R.R.  .  . 
General  expense  

1.46 
29 

1.82 
.19 

1.77 
18 

1.79 

14 

Total 

$3  94 

$4  26 

$4  07 

$4  18 

Cost  per  pound  : 
Approximate  cost  per  pound  

9.5*; 

9.2»< 

9.5* 

9.7<f 

Remarks. — Properties  are  situated  at  Morenci,  Metcalf  and  Coronado, 
Clifton  District,  Arizona.  The  ore-bodies  have  the  following  character- 
istics. 

Morenci:  Very  soft  altered  porphyry,  necessitating  close  timbering. 
Width  irregular,  from  less  than  50  ft.  to  over  200  ft.  Property  opened  by 


22  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

adits  and  shafts.  Method  of  mining  square-setting,  block-caving  and  top- 
slicing.  Tendency  to  do  away  with  square-setting.  Probably  top-slicing 
will  be  principal  system  employed. 

Metcalf:  Ore  depth  somewhat  less  than  at  Morenci.  Harder  porphyry 
and  less  timbering  required.  Width  similar  to  Morenci.  Mines  opened  by 
adits.  Method  of  mining  is  modified  block-caving  and  shrinkage  stopes — 
some  square-setting. 

Corondo:  Vein  formation  with  firm  foot  and  hanging  of  granite.  Width 
10  to  50  ft.,  average  about  15  to  25  ft.  Mine  opened  by  shaft. 

Character  of  Ore:  At  Morenci  and  Metcalf,  chalcocite  and  cupiferous 
pyrite,  both  as  disseminations  and  as  a  network  of  interlacing  veins  in  a 
thoroughly  altered  soft  monzonite  porphyry,  resembling  in  appearance  the 
ore  of  Ely,  Nevada.  Associated  with  this  ore  are  strong  high-grade  veins 
of  chalcocite  and  cupiferous  pyrite  varying  from  6  in.  to  2  ft.  Grade  of  ore 
is  around  3  per  cent,  to  3j  per  cent.  A  small  amount  of  ore  is  still  being 
mined  from  oxidised  limestone  deposits.  This  is  treated  by  the  leaching 
process.  The  Coronado  ore  occurs  in  altered  granite.  Mineral  chiefly 
chalcocite.  Grade  4  to  4£  per  cent.  Approximately  350  tons  per  day  are 
coming  from  this  property.  This  may  be  largely  increased  on  completion  of 
Coronado  haulage  tunnel. 

Depth:  The  depth  of  the  mines  varies  greatly.  Some  ore  is  mined  near 
the  surface,  while  the  maximum  depth  obtained  is  from  700  ft.  to  900  ft. 

Reduction  Plants:  The  property  is  equipped  with  concentrators  at 
Morenci  and  Clifton,  and  with  a  smelter  at  Clifton.  Two  products  are 
mined,  i.e.,  concentrating  ore  and  direct-smelting  ore,  the  latter  a  small 
proportion.  Concentrates  are  smelted.  The  finished  product  is  blister 
copper  which  is  placed  on  the  market.  The  Company  owns  the  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico  Railway  connecting  mines,  mills  and  reduction  plant;  also 
Clifton  and  Morenci  with  through  trunk  lines. 

General  Conditions. — The  labor  is  good,  mostly  Mexicans  paid  $2  to 
$2.50  for  eight  hours.  Skilled  white  labour  $2.50  to  $4.00.  Supplies  are 
slightly  above  average  for  Arizona.  Limestone  for  flux  is  obtained  in 
district.  No  additional  iron  needed.  Water  is  pumped  and  is  expensive. 
Topography  very  rugged.  Climate  favourable. 


ARIZONA 


23 


DETROIT  COPPER  MINING  OF  ARIZONA 
MORENCI,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 
Owned  by  Phelps-Dodge  &  Co. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Copper,  pounds  
Net  earnings  
Depreciation,  plant  and  mine  

22,255,130 
$1,112,870 
149,899 

24,802,789 
$1,406,170 
146,484 

22,704,398 
$930,495 
267,709 

23,056,292 
$1,079,547 
120,000 

Net  after  depreciation 

$962,971 

$1,259,686 

$662  786 

$959  547 

Tons  ore  mined: 
Concentrating  ore  
Smelting  ore  
Silicious  (convert.)  

518,718 
5,330 
8,380 

501,451 
6,190 
11,990 

501,093 
7,904 
7,745 

474,027 
7,473 
11,093 

Total  ore  mined  
Tons  ore  treated  
Yield  per  ton,  Ibs  
Grade  ore  mined,  per  cent  

533,563 
537,324 
41.42 
2.9 

519,631 
520,272 
47.67 
3  25 

516,742 
517,087 
45.9 

492,593 
494,286 
46.64 

Concentrator  : 
Tons  concentrated 

517  518 

501  928 

500  000 

474  073 

Assay  value 

2  785 

3  08 

2  869 

2  977 

Concentrates  tons 

66,928 

70  438 

66  012 

69  906 

Assay  value,  per  cent  
Recovery,  per  cent  
Tailings  assay  
Ratio  of  cone  
Water  consumpt.  per  ton  milled  
Actual  running  time,  per  cent  
Ore  milled,  twenty-four  hours,  tons  .... 

Smelter  operations: 
Total  ore  treated  (Detroit)  
Assay  value,  per  cent,  copper  
Yield,  per  cent  
Production  Ibs.  copper 

15.834 
74.76 
.79 
7.3-1 
555 
95.46 
1,485 

16.69 
76.12 
.811 
7.1-1 
511  gal. 
95.11 
1,442 

15.876 
73.05 
.848 
7.57-1 
522 
95.32 
1,437 

516,153 
3.098 
2.179 
22  481  238 

15.426 
76.42 
.82 
6.78-1 
554 
95.36 
1,362 

Custom  ore,  tons  

Not 

Not 

933 

Not 

Assay  value,  per  cent 

availab  'e 

available 

11  95 

Total  ore  treated  .  . 

517  086 

Assay  value,  per  cent,  copper  
Yield  

3.116 
2.195 

Total  production,  Ibs.  copper  
Saving,  smelt,  and  conv.,  per  cent  
Average  price,  copper,  cents  

15.37 

93.86 
15.51 

22,704,398 
92.6 
12.36 

90.945 
12.826 

See  also  Appendix,  page  349. 


24 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SHANNON  COPPER  COMPANY 
CLIFTON,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Aug.  31 

16  mo. 
Dec.  31-13 

1912 

1911 

1910 

Prod.  (Sold): 
Copper,  oz.  fine  
Gold,  oz  
Silver,  oz  
INCOME 
Value,  copper  

18,793,724 
3,412 
169,197 

$2,982,492 
68,247 

16,406,336 
2,615 
170,690 

$2,440,586 
52,300 

15,630,090 
1,690 
91,955 

$1,931,099 
33,817 

17,924,198 
1,813 
116,280 

$2,321,163 
36  269 

Value,  gold  

102,673 

101,979 

49,302 

60,638 

Total  value  
Total  expenses  

$3,153,412 
2,532,631 

$2,594,866 
1,910,637 

$2,014,219 
1,815,605 

$2,418,070 
2,131,157 

Profit  

$620,781 

$684,229 

$198,613 

$286,913 

Deduct  int.  dev.  and  taxes 

181,206 

123,615 

79,759 

y6,427 

Net  profit  
Other  income  inclu  R.R  

$439,574 
36,866 

$560,614 
20,400 

$118,554 
9,856 

$190,487 
4,718 

Total  income 

$476,440 

$596,738 

$128,710 

$195  205 

MINE 
Tons  of  ore  mined  
Tons  of  ore  concentrated  . 
Extraction  Shannon  ores, 
Ib.  cu.  per  ton 

434,307  i 
46.782 

285,210 
57.5 
16  306  947 

263,975 
56.9 
14  944  933 

311,456 
53.56 
16  565  032 

Prod,  custom  ore  

79,184 

223,169 

1,045,236 

Total  production  
Price  rec'd.  for  copper  
Cost  per  ton  mined  wet  (cal- 
culated) 
Operation 

18,793,724 

15.87£ 

$5  1943 

16,326,134 
14.  87  5  £ 

$5  886 

15,168,108 
12.352ji 

$6  05 

17,600,268 
12.839?! 

$6  00 

Frt.  ref.  and  eastern  exp.  . 
Dev.  explor.  int.  etc  

.636 
.417 

.813 
.433 

.85 
30 

.82 
31 

Total  cost  

$6  .  247 

$7.133 

$7.20 

$7.13 

Cost  per  ton  wet: 
Min.  ton  mined  Metcalf. 
Cone,  per  ton   cone  
Smelt,  ton  Burden  &  flux 
Cost  per  pound  : 
At  mine  
At  N.  Y.  refined  
Development  

$2.12 
.95 

$2.73 

13.  5^ 
13,600  ft. 

$1.89 
.84 
$2.76 

9.94^ 
11.42^ 
11,031  ft. 

$1.97 
.92 
$2.69 

9.92?< 

11.5&4 

7,645  ft. 

$1.97 
.91 

$2.73 

10.  02?! 
11.  75^ 

7,373  ft. 

1  Treated.     2  73,223  tons  of  outside  ore  were  treated  with  a  recovery  of  22  Ibs. 

2  Including  the  mining  of  437,807  tons  and  the  treatment  of  434,307  tons.    There  was 
mined  at  Metcalf  364,584  tons. 


ARIZONA  25 

Remarks. — The  Shannon  mine  is  located  at  Metcalf,  5  miles  northwest 
of  Clifton,  Ariz.  The  mill  and  smelter  are  situated  1  mile  below  Clifton,, 
or  6  miles  from  the  property.  The  company  owns  its  own  railroad  connect- 
ing mines  with  reduction  works. 

The  Shannon  mine  is  situated  at  the  top  of  Shannon  mountain,  1200  ft. 
above  canon.  Tramway  conveys  ore  to  railroad  located  in  canon.  The 
workings  at  the  mine  aggregate  15  miles.  Property  is  developed  entirely 
by  tunnels.  The  Shannon  mine  has  very  extensive  surface  ores.  The 
ore-bodies  are  worked  by  two  methods,  open  cut  and  square-set  stoping. 
The  surface  ores  are  sorted  up  to  smelting  mixture  of  4  per  cent,  grade. 
The  underground  ores,  about  half  of  which  go  to  the  mill  and  half  to  the 
smelter,  are  silicious  sulphides.  The  formation  is  limestone  and  porphyry, 
the  ore  occurring  in  each  formation  and  also  on  the  contact.  The  ore-bodies 
occur  in  very  irregular  deposits  which  necessitates  mining  by  the  square-set 
method.  The  surface  ores  are  worked  cheaply.  About  one-half  of  the  ore 
shipped  is  concentrating  ore.  This  averages  about  3  per  cent,  copper. 
The  smelting  ore  varies  from  4  per  cent,  to  5  per  cent. 

The  concentrator  is  of  500  tons  capacity.  The  saving  is  said  to  be  from 
72  to  78  per  cent,  with  a  grade  concentrate  of  13  per  cent.  The  ratio  of 
concentration  is  around  5  into  1. 

The  smelter  is  of  1800  tons  capacity.  It  does  a  custom  business,  treating 
principally  sulphide  ore  which  is  needed.  Barren  limestone  is  used  in 
fluxing.  The  matte  averages  around  45  to  48  per  cent,  copper.  This  is 
converted  at  the  plant  and  blister  shipped  to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining. 

Shannon  has  been  a  high-cost  producer.  This  is  due  to  low  grade  of.  ore 
and  necessity  to  mine  by  square-set.  Timber  is  very  expensive.  The 
company  employs  Mexican  labour. 


26 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


UNITED  VERDE  COPPER  CO. 
JEROME,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 

Copper  (fine),  pounds  

31,570,085 

33,164,520 

Silver,  ounces  

480,518 

461,168 

Gold,  ounces 

15  069 

15  239 

Mine: 
Tons  mined  (part  of  1911  sent  Humboldt)     . 

351,816 

327,133 

Tons  fed  

354,437 

294,600 

Grade  ore  and  recovery  : 
Copper  fed,  per  ton,  per  cent  

7.01 

7  7 

Silver  fed,  ounce  per  ton  (recovered)  
Gold  fed,  ounce  per  ton  (recovered)  

1.356 
.043 

1.456 
.048 

Recovery  of  fine  copper  including  custom  ores  fed,  but 
exclusive  of  custom  ores  sold,  pounds. 
Recovery  per  cent 

33,358,878 
67  18 

31,831,431 
67  26 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Cost  of  mining  (per  ton  mined) 

$2  715 

$2  87 

Cost  of  smelting  and  converting  (per  ton  fed  including 
cost  of  silicious  ores  used  for  flux). 
Cost  per  pound  : 
Shipping,  refining,  etc   (New  York  expenses)  . 

$2.835i 
$.01456 

$4.066 
$.01523 

Miscellaneous  costs: 
Cost  of  coke  per  ton       .           

$11.61 

$11.61 

Cost  of  coal  per  ton  
Cost  of  horse-power  per  annum  
Income:  3 
Copper  sold  

$5.36 
$190.96 

$5,279,442 

$4.91 
$234.452 

$4,174,478 

298  155 

246,665 

Gold  sold 

321,860 

315,691 

$5,899,860 

$4,736,834 

Metal  prices:3 

16  725 

12.586 

Silver  per  ounce,  cents                                     ... 

61  57 

53.49 

Gold  per  ounce                                    

$20  .  34 

$20.72 

Dividends  paid  

$1,800,000 

$2,475,000 

1  Exclusive  of  cost  of  silicious  ores  used  as  flux. 

2  Horse-power  based  on  evaporation,  the  high  cost  due  to  wreckage  of  power  house. 
»  From  Boston  News  Bureau. 

Remarks. — The  United  Verde  mine  and  smelter  are  located  at  Jerome, 
Arizona.  Company  owns  narrow-gauge  line  26  miles  in  length  connecting 
the  property  with  a  branch  of  the  Santa  Fe  Ry.  The  ore-bodies  occur 
as  lenticular  or  irregular-shaped  masses,  dipping  about  70  deg.  in  a  shear 
zone  of  schist  and  diorite.  Some  of  these  bodies  are  several  hundred  feet 


ARIZONA  27 

in  length;  one  is  said  to  be  continuous  for  nearly  700  ft.  and  the  ore-body 
to  average  6  per  cent,  copper  and  $2  in  gold  and  silver.  On  the  500-ft. 
level  one  of  the  stopes  is  200  by  100  ft.  Some  of  the  smaller  stopes  average 
as  high  as  10  per  cent,  to  14  per  cent,  copper.  The  method  of  mining 
formerly  employed  was  square-setting  and  this  system  is  still  used  in  the 
upper  workings.  A  greater  part  of  the  ore  is  now  mined  by  the  bottom- 
slicing  method.  Filling  is  done  from  the  side  walls  and  from  the  surface. 
Some  of  the  oxide  ores  at  the  surface  are  mined  by  open  cut. 

The  ore  is  principally  sulphide,  chalcopyrite  predominating,  though 
many  others  are  present.  The  ores  carry  a  heavy  excess  of  iron  and  sul- 
phur. The  mine  is  developed  by  vertical  shaft  to  1500  ft.  It  is  opened  by 
tunnel  to  a  depth  of  1000  ft. 

The  ores  are  smelted  direct.  Very  little  flux  is  used.  A  small  amount 
of  limerock  is  employed.  About  7  per  cent,  coke  is  used  on  the  charge. 
The  smeltery,  which  is  situated  at  the  mine,  has  a  capacity  of  from  1000 
to  1200  tons  per  day.  Equipment  consists  of  four  blast  furnaces  with  con- 
verter department.  As  a  result  of  the  caving  of  the  ground  at  the  smelter, 
which  is  located  at  the  mine  over  the  ore-bodies,  it  has  been  found  necessary 
to  erect  an  entirely  new  smelting  plant.  The  new  smelter  is  located  five 
miles  from  the  mine,  situated  on  a  new  broad-gauge  railroad  connecting 
with  the  main  line  of  the  Santa  Fe.  This  road  should  effect  a  great  saving 
over  the  present  narrow-gauge  road.  The  plant  will  be  of  2500  tons 
capacity  and  composed  of  six  roasters,  three  oil-fired  reverberatories  and 
four  blast  furnaces.  The  new  smelter  should  be  operating  in  1915. 
Mine  and  smelter  have  electric  power,  1500  h.p.  being  furnished  by  the 
Arizona  Power  Co.  at  a  cost  of  one  cent  per  kilowatt-hour. 


28  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Ray  District 

RAY  CENTRAL  COPPER  MINING  CO. 
RAY,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 

(Now  Owned  and  Operated  by  Ray  Consolidated) 
At  this  property  two  ore-bodies  exist :  (a)  low-grade  disseminated  ore,  of 

which    there    existed   in    1912  6,711,000   tons,   averaging   2.19  per    cent. 

copper;    and    (b)    high-grade   disseminated   ore-body,  containing  673,000 

tons,  averaging  5.83  per  cent,  copper. 

The  following  are  the  estimated  costs  on  the  two  grades  of  ore. 

HIGH  GRADE  Low  GRADE 

Grade:  5.83  per  cent.  At   the   time   the  low-grade   estimate   was 

Extraction,   mill:  75  per  cent.,  may  equal  made   the    ore   averaged   2.15   per   cent. 

80  per  cent.  copper. 
Ratio  concentration  6,  into  1. 

Smelting  $6  per  ton  concentrates.  Assuming  a  70  per  cent,  extraction  in  the 

Custom  smelter  to  pay  for  95  per  cent,  of  concentrator    and    5    per    cent,    loss    in 

contained   copper  less  2\  cents.,    N.  Y.  smelting,  ore  should  yield  28.6  Ib.  per  ton. 

quotation. 

COSTS  PER  TON  COSTS  PER  TON 

Mining  (Filling  method) $2 . 00         Tons  treated  daily 1000  3000 

Milling 70         Mining $1.25       $.90 

Transportation • 15         Transportation .15 

General  expenses 05         Developing 10        

Smelt,  ref.  and  marketing 2.85         Milling 70  .60 

Smelting 35  .35 

Total $5.75  Ref.  and  mar.  2jf  per  unit  .        .57            .57 


Cost  producing  copper  7 jf  exclusive  Total $2.97       $2.57 

of  amortization  and  interest.  Cost  per  pound 10.38jf  Q£ 

Profit  13f<  copper  equals  $5.00  per  ton. 

Since  the  above  estimates  were  made,  the  Ray  Central  property  has  been 
merged  with  the  Ray  Consolidated. 

Remarks. — The  Ray  Central  property  adjoins  the  Ray  Consolidated.  The 
companies  were  merged  in  1911.  The  above  estimates  give  the  costs  which 
should  be  obtained  when  treating  daily  a  comparatively  small  tonnage  of 
porphyry  ore. 

The  porphyry  ore  would  be  mined  by  shrinkage  stope  method  in  the  low- 
grade  portion  of  the  mine  and  by  square-setting  in  the  high-grade  portion. 
The  concentrator  site  was  at  a  distance  of  10  miles  from  the  mine.  Concen- 
trates were  to  have  been  smelted  at  the  A.  S.  &  R.  plant  at  Hayden.  (For 
more  complete  data  on  these  ores  and  costs  actually  being  obtained  see  Ray 
Consolidated.) 


ARIZONA 


29 


RAY  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  CO. 
RAY,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911  (9mos.) 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds  net 

52,341,029 

34,674,275 

14,935,047 

Silver,  ounces. 

42,458 

13,439 

1,733 

Income  : 
Gross  income  

$7,899,721 
5,402,502 

$5,475,565 
3,661,359 

$1,954,553 
1  807  009 

Net  operating  profit  

2,497,218 

$1,814,206 

147,545 

Total  after  miscl   inc 

2,874,316 

$2,110,962 

365,048 

Net  for  year  after  int 

$2,675,193 

$1,929,262 

$298,640 

Concentrator  : 
Tons  ore  concentrated  
Average  copper  contents,  per  cent  

2,365,296 
1.719 

1,565,875 
1.677 

681,519 
1.83 

Recovery  in  cone.,  per  cent  

66.09 

68.278 

63.01 

1:2  723 

22  9 

22 

Copper  in  concentrates,  Ibs 

53,745,937' 

35,861,496 

15  721,520 

Grade  concentrates,  per  cent 

18  944 

22  44 

Price  received  for  copper 

15  201p 

15.762jf 

13  Q8£ 

Price  received  for  silver  

60.  112^ 

61.525jf 

53.46f5 

C  osts  per  ton  (calculaed  from  financial  statement)  : 
Mining  
Milling  

$.732 
.519 

.7754 
.468 

.816 
.5945 

Taxes  

.0031 

.026 

Freight  and  treatment  

.871 

.930 

.83 

Selling  commission  

.033 

.035 

.029 

Mine  development  and  extinguishment2 

.125 

100 

Freight  on  ore 

36 

Bullion  tax  

02 

Total  
Costs  per  pound  (as  given  in  report)  : 
Not   including    ore    extinguishment    (prepaid 
development) 
Prepaid  development 

$2.284 

$2.334 
9.3723?! 
4557 

$2.65 
10.765ffs 

After  crediting  earnings  R.  R.,  but  not  mis.  inc. 
Miscellaneous  costs  per  ton  : 
Mining  last  quarter  1912,  not  incl.  12  £  cents  dev. 
retirement  charge. 
Mining    and    milling    excl.  of   trans.,   but    12} 

9.783fi 

9.828ff 
71.05?! 
$1.345 

10.765 
76fi6 

cents  charge  last  three  quarters. 
Average  No.  tons  treated  dailv.  . 

6.480 

4278 

1  Estimated.  2  Beginning  April  1,  1912,  a  charge  of  12|ji  per  ton  was  made  for  the 
purpose  of  extinguishing  the  prepaid  development  expense  account.  3  In  addition, 
412,372  pounds  were  produced  from  high-grade  and  smelted  direct.  *  Direct  mining 
cost  incl.  crushing  1-in.  mesh  and  placing  on  cars  with  prop,  of  general  expense.  5  Credit- 
ing  div.  R.  R.,  but  not  charging  prepaid  devel.  «  Not  including  12£  cents  charge. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  349. 


30  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Globe  District 

INSPIRATION  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  CO. 

GLOBE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 

This  company  represents  a  consolidation  of  the  Inspiration  Copper  Co. 
and  the  Live  Oak  Development  Co.  The  properties  which  adjoin  are  located 
5  miles  west  of  Globe  on  the  Final  Schist  belt.  The  property  also  adjoins 
the  Miami  situated  on  the  same  belt.  Inspiration  is  one  of  the  large  so-called 
low-grade  porphyry  mines.  The  property  is  not  yet  producing,  but  we  give 
below  the  estimated  costs  and  other  data  in  connection  with  the  ore. 

The  company's  engineers  estimate  the  following  on  the  basis  of  12,000 
tons  concentrated  daily: 

Tons  treated  per  year 4,200,000 

Average  grade  ore  reserves 1.71  per  cent. 

Pounds  refined  copper  recovered 25 

Annual  production  pounds,  350  days'  operation 105,000,000 

Ratio  concentration  23  to  25  into  1 

Costs  per  ton: 

Mining $ .  60 

Milling 50 

General  expense 10 

Trans,  ore  to  mill 03 

Pumping  water  to  mill .08 


$1.31 
Smeltg.  refg.,  sellg.,  frt.  on  concentrates  and  copper  at  2f  cents  per 

pound 69 

Total  cost  per  ton $2. 00 

Cost  per  pound 08 

Remarks. — The  ore-body  at  Inspiration  is  in  two  sections,  the  Inspiration 
arid  Live  Oak.  Total  distance  outside  boundaries  about  2  miles.  Largest 
area  Inspiration  ore-body  1600X1300  ft.  Other  sections  over  1000  ft.  in 
length  by  several  hundred  in  width.  Live  Oak  2500  from  200  to  1000  ft. 

The  depth  of  ore  and  capping  is  as  follows:1 

|   Inspiration  ore-body   |     Live  Oak  ore-body 


Average  thickness  capping 354 

Average  thickness  ore. . .  142 


435 
114 


Owing  to  thickness  of  capping  to  ore,  property  will  be  worked  by  under- 
ground method  of  mining.  Ohio  or  shrinkage  stope  method  will  be  em- 
ployed. This  system  is  cheaper  than  that  at  the  adjoining  Miami,  which 
accounts  for  the  lower  estimate  for  mining. 

lAs  of  Jan.  1,  1913  Ore  Reserves  amounted  to  45,000,000  tons  averaging  2%  copper. 


ARIZONA 


31 


Inspiration  railroad  4£  miles  in  length  connects  mine  and  concentrator 
with  Arizona  Eastern  Ry.  and  through  trunk  lines.  Concentrator  12,000 
tons  daily  capacity  located  1^  miles  from  mine.  Should  start  production  in 
spring  of  1915.  Hydro-electric  and  steam  power  used.  Concentrates  will 
be  smelted  at  new  International  Smelter  near  mine  and  refined  on  the 
Atlantic  Seaboard. 

Water  concentration  and  oil  flotation  will  be  used,  and  exhaustive  tests 
conducted  in  the  600  ton  daily  capacity  experimental  mill  indicate  that 
copper  recovery  of  over  80%  will  be  made. 

Inspiration's  ore  reserves  were  estimated  as  follows,  Dec.  31,  1913:  — 

73,322,000  tons  sulphide  ore  averaging  1.71  per  cent,  copper,  and 
16,321,000  tons  oxidized  and  semi-oxidized  ore  averaging  1.3  per  cent, 
copper. 


MIAMI  COPPER  COMPANY 
GLOBE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 
Refined  copper  pounds  

32  867  666 

32  832  609 

15  385  783 

Income  : 
Gross  including  copper  sales.  

$5,049,807 

$5  385  501 

$1,950  669 

Operating  expenses  

3,515,121 

3,114,115 

1,362  819 

Operating  profit 

$1  534  685 

$2  271  386 

$587  849 

Int.  loans,  bonds  and  deprec  

229,286 

241,6221 

98,246 

Profit  for  year  

$1  305  3972 

$2  094  804 

$489  603 

Price  received  for  copper 

15  2404  i 

16  5S2f£ 

13  03f£ 

Mine  and  Mill: 

Tons  treated 

1  058  784 

1  040  744 

445  036 

Per  cent,  copper  

2  30 

2  393 

2  48 

Concentrate  produced  tons  

45  410 

46  683 

20  065 

Per  cent,  copper 

38  09 

37  020 

40  36 

Copper  in  cone.,  pounds  

34,597,568 

34,560,665 

16,195  561 

Copper  per  ton,  pounds  

32.68 

33.21 

36  39 

Mill  extraction,  per  cent 

71  06 

69  39 

73  37 

Net  copper  per  ton,  pounds  

31.04 

31.54 

34.57 

32 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


MIAMI  COPPER  COMPANY—  Continued 


COSTS 

Per 
ton 

Per 
pound 

Per 
ton 

Per 
pound 

Per 
ton 

Per 
pound 

Mining      .  .         .       . 

$1  .  6030 
.5722 
.2817 
.2057 
.6235 
.0631 
.0544 

.05145ji 
.01837 
.  00900 
.  00663 
.  02008 
.  00203 
.00174 

$1  .  2032 
.6586 
.1802 
.2173 
.7323 
.0405 
.0386 

.03813?! 
.02087 
.00577 
.00689 
.02321 
.00128 
.00122 

SI.  2134 
.6274 
.2514 
.2174 
.8041 
.0591 
.0605 

.  03500  I 
.01810 
.00714 
.00629 
.02326 
.00171 
.00175 

Milling     

General  expense  
Freight  on  concentrates  
Smelting,  refining,  etc  
Selling  

N.  Y.  Office  

Total..  

3.4036 
.1006 

10930 
00322 

3  .  0707 
.0477 

.09739 
.00151 

3.2333 
.0767 

.09325 
.00222 

Ag,  Au,  etc 

Net  cost  

$3  .  3030 

.  10608  t 

$3.0230 

.09588*5 

$3.1566 

.09  103  i 

Miscellaneous  : 
Development,  feet  

37,697 
1,055,284 

101,888 
124,784 
418,722 
409,890 

54,929 
1,041,769 

118,130 
244,504 
450,209 
228,926 

32,925 
450,036 

43,437 
152,074 
204,362 
50,163 

Ore  handled,  tons  

Derived  from  following  sources  : 
Stock  pile  

Shrinkage  stopes  

1  Includes  depreciation  charge  of  $169,096.     2  After  depreciation  of  $223,874. 

Remarks. — Property  located  on  the  Final  Schist  belt  a  few  miles  west 
of  Globe.  The  Inspiration  Consolidated  adjoins  Miami  on  the  west.  The 
ores  are  disseminated  in  character,  being  generally  termed  "porphyry." 
The  minerals  consist  of  secondary  chalcocite.  The  ore-body  is  several 
hundred  feet  in  thickness.  The  total  tonnage  in  the  main  body,  December 
31,  1913,  is  placed  at  20,300,000  tons  assaying  2.45  per  cent,  copper;  also 
mixed  oxides  and  sulphides  6,000,000  tons,  2  per  cent,  and  17,200,000  tons, 
1.21  per  cent. 

The  mine  has  two  extraction  levels,  420  ft.  and  570  ft.  Electric  haulage 
is  employed  throughout.  The  method  of  mining  in  the  upper  levels,  370 
ft.  and  above,  has  been  done  by  square-setting  and  sub-level  caving.  A 
shrinkage  method,  however,  is  being  employed  below  this  depth.  This 
method  differs  from  certain  of  the  other  porphyry  mines  in  that  machine 
men  do  not  set  up  on  the  broken  ore  but  "side  swipe"  the  ore  from 
the  cross-cuts  in  the  pillars.  This  has  resulted  in  greater  safety  to  men. 
It  is  estimated  that  a  saving  of  40j£  per  ton  will  be  shown  by  shrinking 
over  the  square-setting  and  caving. 

The  concentrator  is  situated  at  the  mine.  Capacity  3000  tons  per  day. 
Water  is  obtained  from  the  Old  Dominion  mine,  2,000,000  gal.  per  day 
being  pumped.  Concentrates  are  shipped  to  Cananea,  Mexico,  for  smelting 
and  converting,  and  blister  copper  shipped  to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining. 


ARIZONA 


33 


OLD  DOMINION  COPPER  MINING  AND  SMELTING  CO. 

(United  Globe  Mines) 
GLOBE,  ARIZONA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Pounds  copper  incl.  custom..  .  . 
Ounces  silver  
Ounces  gold  
Copper  O.  D.  Mine,  pounds.  .  . 
Silver  O.  D.  Mine,  ounces  

31,061,645 
193.845 
4,254 
18,945,153 
51,316 

27,353,243 
143,011 
3,202 
16,533,999 
42,750 

26,482,019 
137,722 
2,830 
19,195,181 
42,050 

27,742,332 
146,400 
2,123 
17,712,755 
36  743 

Gold  O    D    Mine,  ounces 

419 

583 

935 

487 

Income  expenses  and  profit: 
Value  realized                         .... 

$2,919,821 

$2,751,899 

$2,419,946 

$2  284  201 

Profit  custom  ore  and  miscl  

137,286 

136,304 

33,732 

31,256 

Total  income 

3,057,107 

2,888,203 

$2  453  679 

2  315  458 

Total  expenses 

2,013,314 

1,884,017 

1,831  714 

1  860  175 

Net  profit 

$1,043,793 

$1  004,186 

$621  964 

$455  281 

Ore  extraction: 

Smelting  ore,  tons 

120,257 

93,592 

96  187 

Smelt,  ore,  grade  copper,   per 
cent.  .    . 

6.85 

6.43 

7.75 

7.85 

Concentration  ore,  tons 

47,785 

106,232 

78  059 

86  060 

Concentration  ore,  grade,  per 
cent. 
Aveg.   grade  all  ore  incl.  silica 
lining,  per  cent. 
Total  ore  mined  

3.56 

5.88 
169,961 

3.15 

4.67 
201,181 

3.50 

5.84 

3.49 
5.70 

Concentrating  : 
Custom  ore  treated,  tons  

102,231 

60,638 

62,171 

19/339 

Grade  ore,  per  cent 

3  76 

3  75 

4  61 

4  18 

Total  O.  D.  and  custom,  tons.  . 
Aveg.  grade,  per  cent  

150,203 
3.70 

166,870 
3.37 

140,230 
3.99 

105,399 
3  62 

Extraction,  per  cent 

78  59 

76  79 

Ratio  of  concentration 

3  397-1 

3  582  1 

Smelting: 
Tons  charge  smelted  
Blister  copper  prod.,  pounds..  . 
Cost  per  ton:2 

Mining 

300,926 
30,811,441 

$4  78 

306,086 
27,573,423 

$4  551 

231,603 
26,696,305 

$4  18 

239,162 
28,018,900 

$5  171 

Concentrating 

405 

Smelting  tons  charge  

2.629 

2.304 

2.568 

2.926 

Smelting  and  converting 

3  101 

Total  cost  

$8  677 

Concentrating  (per  ton  cone.)  .  . 
Convert,  per  ton  cop.  in  bullion 

.878 
$9.19 

$.753 
$9.45 

$1.012 
$8.26 

$.975 

34 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OLD  DOMINION  COPPER  MINING  &  SMELTING  CO.— Continued 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Cost  per  pound  : 

Fine  copper  at  Globe,  deduct. 

8.19 

8.861 

7.65ji 

8.601 

gold  and  silver,  profit  cus- 

tom ore  and  miscl.  earnings. 

Refining,  com.,  trans.,  int.,  taxes 

1.51 

1.49)< 

1.50)< 

1.56)5 

and  Boston  exp. 

Total  cost  per  pound  

9.70j< 

10.34>f 

9.15)f 

10.16^ 

Cost  smelt,  and  convert,  incl.  in 

above,  t  per  pound  : 

Smelting  

0252 

0041 

00484 

Total 

03004)5 

General  : 

Price  rec'd  for  copper  

15.21 

16.42?! 

12.39ff 

12.73)5 

Development,  feet 

17,783 

15,259 

10447 

18  468 

Cost  horse-power-year 

$71  02 

$64  04 

$83  77 

$96  18 

Water  pumped,  gallons. 

1,284,000,000 

1,441,480,000 

1,277  000  000 

Aveg.  flow  in  mine,  24  hours.  .  . 

3,518,221 

3,938,474 

1  Incl.  expendit.  for  extra  improvements  of  $26,288. 

2  Cost  per  ton  treating  new  copper  bearing  material  from  own  mines. 

Remarks. — The  ore-bodies  at  the  mine  occur  along  what  is  known  as 
the  Old  Dominion  fault  between  limestone  and  diabase.  The  ore-bodies 
are  lenticular.  Some  of  the  ore-bodies  are  very  large,  varying  up  to  several 
hundred  feet  in  length  by  over  a  hundred  feet  in  width.  Both  oxide  and 
sulphide  ores  found.  The  large  ore-bodies  are  mainly  oxides  and  are  com- 
posed of  cuprite,  malachite,  azurite  and  chrysocolla.  Bodies  of  sulphide 
ore  occur  in  depth,  the  copper  being  in  the  form  of  chalcocite,  chalcopyrite, 
with  considerable  quantities  of  pyrite.  The  ores  are  in  general  silicious, 
and  the  company  has  to  obtain  custom  iron  ores.  The  sulphides,  how- 
ever, which  have  been  developed  in  depth,  have  improved  this  situation. 

The  mine  is  developed  by  four  important  vertical  shafts  and  opened  to 
depth  of  1800  ft.  Mine  is  equipped  with  electric  haulage.  The  ore-bodies 
are  worked  principally  by  square-set  method,  though  many  different 
systems  are  used,  depending  upon  the  occurrence.  A  slicing  system 
similar  to  that  used  at  Morenci  was  started  in  1910.  Very  heavy  timbering 
is  required.  The  mine  is  very  wet  and  pumping  a  great  expense  to  the 
company,  though  this  is  lessened  by  sale  of  2,000,000  gallons  daily  to  the 
Miami  Copper  Co.  The  property  is  equipped  with  a  500-ton  concentrator 
and  a  smelter  situated  at  the  mine.  Smelter  has  converter  department. 
The  property  has  railway  connections. 


ARIZONA  35 

MAGMA  COPPER  COMPANY 
SUPEKIOR,  ARIZONA 

The  Magma  Copper  Company  operates  what  was  known  as  the  Queen 
mine,  located  at  Superior,  Arizona.  No  work  was  performed  in  the  old 
days  below  the  500-ft.  level.  During  the  past  three  years  present  owners 
have  been  carrying  on  development  work,  which  has  now  extended  to  the 
1000-ft.  level.  There  have  been  shipped  from  the  mine  9913  tons  of  ore 
and  concentrates  which  realized  gross  $58.08  per  ton. 

Average  grade  shipping  ore :  Cost  per  ton : 


Copper.  .  . 

18.35  per  cent. 

Alining  

$3  50 

Silver  
Gold  
Iron  

20.3       oz. 
072  oz. 
13.2      per  cent. 

Development  
Sorting  and  milling  
Tramming  

1.50 
1.50 
....          .15 

Insoluble.  .  . 

.   46.  1      per  cent. 

Total $6.65 

Remarks. — The  pre  occurs  as  lenses  through  a  porphyry-filled  fissure 
through  limestones,  quartzites  and  diabase.  Above  the  500-ft.  level  large 
bodies  of  carbonate  ores  containing  about  5  per  cent,  copper  have  been  ex- 
posed. On  the  650-ft.  level  two  shoots  of  chalcocite  ore  have  been  de- 
veloped. On  the  800-ft.  level  there  is  a  shoot  345  ft.  long,  averaging 
6.8-ft.  wide,  containing  copper  12%,  silver  14  ounces.  A  winze  has  been 
sunk  from  the  800-ft.  level  and  a  crosscut  run  at  the  1000-ft.  level  which 
encountered  a  60-ft.  vein  in  which  there  was  a  5-ft.  streak  of  zinc  ore 
containing  zinc  22%  and  silver  22  ounces;  also  a  copper  shoot  on  which 
east  and  west  drifts  are  being  run,  both  of  which  still  had  ore  in  the  faces 
and  had  averaged  for  150  ft.  copper  20%,  silver  19.5  ounces  and  $1.60 
in  gold  per  ton  for  the  full  width  of  the  drift.  There  was  also  found  in 
the  crosscut  a  great  deal  of  low  grade  chalcopyrite  ore  containing  from 
3%  to  4%  copper,  the  extent  of  which  is  unknown. 

A  14-mile  power  line  from  the  Inspiration  Mine  has  been  completed  and 
it  will  transmit  Roosevelt  Hydro-electric  power  from  Miami. 

A  150-ton  concentrator  has  been  started  which  uses  a  combination  of 
water  concentration  and  oil  flotation.  Total  recoveries,  including  the 
mineral  being  sorted  by  hand,  are  over  85%.  The  crude  ore  and  con- 
centrates are  being  hauled  a  distance  of  32  miles  to  Florence,  a  station  on 
the  Arizona  Eastern  Railroad.  Surveys  and  plans  have  been  completed 
for  the  construction  of  a  narrow  gauge  road  from  Superior  to  Webster  on 
the  Arizona  Eastern  Railroad. 


CALIFORNIA 

ARGONAUT  MINING  COMPANY 

AMADOR    COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA 

Following  from  Annual  Report,  Jan.,  1911. — Construction  was  exceptional 
and  included  a  large  electric  hoist,  new  change  house  and  additions  to  the 
mill. 


Mining  per  ton  :  Stoping  

$1.407 

.929  labour 
.478  supplies 
.497  labour 
.  338  supplies 
.227  labour 
^  .164  supplies 
.  129  labour 
.  033  supplies 

$  555 

Develop 

835 

Hoisting 

.391 

Surface  

.162 

Total  mining  
Milling:  Labour 

$  194 

$2.795 
Total  milling 

Supplies 

.176 

Office  and  genera 

Total  operatinj 
Construction 

1 

096 

Frt.  and  treatment  
Office  and  general. 

....      .185 
096 

$  074 

i  

.    $3.446 
341 

Construction  •  Labour 

Supplies..  . 

.267 

Grand  total $3 . 787 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — Mine  1  mile  from  terminus  of  Amador  Central 
Ry.  Character  of  ore — Gold  quartz,  yielding  in  the  mill  about  $5.50  in  free 
gold  per  ton  and  $1.50  in  concentrates  or  a  total  of  $7  per  ton.  Character  of 
ore  body — Soft  shattered  white  quartz  5  ft.  to  35  ft.  wide,  one  wall  always 
very  soft  black  slate,  other  wall  same  or  greenstone  schist.  Ground  exceed- 
ingly heavy — Width  5-38  ft.,  average  probably  15  ft.  Method  of  opening — 
Main  shaft  4000  ft.  deep  with  levels  at  150-ft.  intervals  and  raises  every  150 
ft.  Method  of  mining — Square-sets  and  waste  filling  combined,  filling  kept 
close  as  possible  to  the  back.  Depth  of  mine — Bottom  level  3900  and  no  ore 
coming  from  above  2760  level.  Amount  water  pumped — 30,000  gal.  per  day, 
most  of  which  comes  from  1800  level  and  but  little  below  2900.  Method  of 
ore  reduction — 40-stamp  mill — stamps  1000  Ib.  with  average  duty  of  5  tons 
per  working  day,  followed  by  vanners.  General  conditions — Power  $4.50  per 
h.p.  month.  Lumber  $19  to  $20  per  M.  delivery.  Average  miner's  wages 
about  $2.75  per  day,  great  majority  Slavs  and  Italians  who  are  well  suited 
for  the  heat  of  deep  workings.  Ground  breaks  very  easily  in  the  vein;  an 
average  of  15  men  break  all  the  stope  ore  and  put  in  their  own  timber.  Drifts 
are  slow  to  drive  on  account  of  caving  ground  and  expensive  to  maintain. 
Nearly  half  the  total  force  underground  are  timbermen.  Mill  capacity 
about  200  tons  per  day.  (Costs  and  data  by  R.  S.  Rainsford,  Gen'l.  Mgr.) 

36 


CALIFORNIA 


37 


MELONES  MINING  COMPANY 
MELONES,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 


Period  15  months 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Gold  bullion  

$273,307 

$238,613 

$258,612 

127  800 

130  000 

142  400 

Tons  milled 

195  181 

141  000 

148  900 

Average  val.  per  ton  

$1.75 

$2.00 

$1.98 

Per  cent,  recovered  
Cost  per  ton: 

82.1 
$1.55 

85.5 
$1.609 

86 
$1.436 

Mining  and  development 

559 

55 

46 

Haulage  . 

062 

057 

048 

Milling  
Marketing    concentrates    and   bullion 
expense. 
General  expense  
Construction  and  maintenance  

.212 
.243 

.224 
.25 

.277 
.316 

.229 
.18 

.273 
.364 

.219 
.072 

Development,  feet: 
Raises  
Drifts  
Shafts  

1.550 

512 
1,491 
372 

1.609 

177 
960 
270 

1.436 

214 
1,060 
None 

Remarks. — Accessibility — On  the  Angels  Branch  of  Sierra  Railway  at 
Melones,  Calaveras  Co.,  Calif. 

Character  of  Ore-bodies — Schist  and  slate  impregnated  with  quartz. 

General  Dimensions  Ore-bodies — 400  ft.  X40  ft. 

Method  of  Mining — Shrinkage  stoping. 

Depth  of  Mine— 1600  ft. 

Method  of  Reduction — Stamp  milling,  amalgamation  and  concentration. 

Distance  Mill  from  Mines — Mill  at  the  mine. 

General  Remarks — Increase  of  costs  in  1911-12  due  to  new  construction 
and  equipment  incidental  to  mining  below  1100  adit  level  and  extensive  re- 
pairs to  water-power  system.  Excess  tonnage  milled  over  that  mined  ob- 
tained from  reserves  of  broken  ore  in  completed  stopes.* — Data  by  William 
G.  Devereux. 


38 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


NATOMAS  CONSOLIDATED  OF  CALIFORNIA 

NEAR  FOLSOM,  AMERICAN  RIVER  AND  OROVILLE  FEATHER  RIVER,  CALI- 
FORNIA, U.  S.  A. 


Natoma  division 

Feather  River  division 

1912 

1911 

1912 

1911 

General  : 
Ground  worked,  cubic  yards  .  .  %  
Days  dredging  

16,806,582 
2,766 
53,057:25 
19:11 
6,076 

.83*5 
.20 
.76 
.11 

.24 
1.75 
.58 
.19 
.03 

18,983,670 
2,954 
57,331:50 
19:24 
6,425 

.779* 
.120 
.719 
.101 

.201 
1.335 
.405 
.154 
.031 

5,349,070 
1,016.5 
21,686:20 
21:20 
5,262 

.85?! 
,06' 

.78 

3,286,916 
831 
17,135:20 
20:37 
3,955 

.997,5 
.088 
.765 

Hours  and  minutes  dredging  
Average  per  day  

Yards  worked  per  day  

Cost  per  yard  : 

Running  expenses: 
Labour,  cents  

Material  

Electric  power  1  

Water 

Repairs  : 
Labour 

.04 
1.21 
.50 
.28 
.03 

.066 
1.422 
.621 
.305 
.041 

Material 

General  expenses 

Taxes  and  insurance  

Smelting  and  express  

Total,  cents... 

4.69 

3.845 

3.75 

4.305 

BOTH  DIVISIONS 


1912 


1911 


General: 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards                                           

22,155,652 

22,270,586 

Days  dredged      .                                                              

3,782.5 

3,785.5 

Hours  and  minutes  dredged                                          

74,743:45 

74,467:10 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day                             

19:46 

19:40 

Average  yards  worked  per  day                                       

5,858 

5,883 

Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses: 
Labour  

.83ff 

.811^ 

17 

.115 

77 

.726 

Water 

08 

.087 

Repairs: 
Labour                                                                             

.19 

.181 

Material                                                                      

1.62 

1.348 

General  expense                                                               

.56 

.437 

Taxes  and  insurance                                                            

.21 

.176 

Smelting  and  express                                                         

.03 

.032 

Total,  cents  

4.46 

3.913 

CALIFORNIA 

DISSECTED  COSTS  DREDGING  OPERATIONS 
DREDGE  NO.  1 


39 


Capacity  13£  cu.  ft. 


Constructed  by  Yuba  Const.  Co. 


1912        |        1911 

1910 

1909 

General: 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards  

3,089,057 
364 
7,159:00 
19:40 

8,486 

.65* 

.21 
.60 
.13 

.14 
1.56 
.42 
.14 
.02 

3,233,693 
364 
7,319:20 
20:07 

8,884 

.619jf 
.097 
.562 
.134 

.114 
.799 
.284 
.118 
.029 

3,341,902 
363 
7,213:00 
19:52 
9,206 

.526jf 
.106 
.527 
.105 

.119 
1.241 
.239 
.091 
.028 

3,048,254 
365 
6,969:13 
19:06 
8,351 

.60^ 
.15 
.54 
.08 

.10 
.70 
.14 
.06 
.04 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  
Average  yards  worked  per  day 

Cost  per  yard: 
Running  expenses: 
Labour,  cents  
Material  

Electric  power  

Water  

Repairs  : 

Material 

General  expense 

Taxes  and  insurance 

Smelting  and  express                               .    . 

Total,  cents  

3.87 

2.756 

2.982 

2.41 

DREDGE  NO.  3 
Capacity  8  cu.  ft.              Mississippi  Bar,  1908             Constructed  by  Yuba  Const.  Co  . 

1912       |        1911 

1910 

1909 

General  : 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards 

1,987,907 
365 
7,084:40 
19:24 
5,446 

1.00 
.22 
.65 
.10 

.19 
2.28 
.65 
.19 
.03 

2,287,704 
364.5 
7,234:45 
19:51 
6,276 

.879 
.153 
.593 
.073 

.202 
1.092 
.401 
.152 
.037 

1,843,375 
363 
6,930:30 
19:05 
5,078 

.919 
.171 
.683 
.098 

.272 
1.677 
.433 
.162 
.045 

1,604,369 
366 
6,886:40 
18:48 
4,383 

1.01 
.15 
.74 
.11 

.26 
1.34 
.27 
.12 
.05 

Days  dredged  

Hours  and  minutes  dredged 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  
Average  yards  worked  per  day  
Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses  : 

Material 

Electric  power 

Water  

Repairs  : 
Labour  

Material  

General  expense  
Taxes  and  insurance  
Smelting  and  express  

Total,  cents  

5.31 

3.582 

4.460 

4.05 

40 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Capacity  9  cu.  ft. 


DREDGE  NO.  6 
Section  12  Constructed  by  Western  Eng.  Co. 


1912       |       1911              1910       |       1909' 

General  : 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards 

1,394,421 
364 
6,269:50 
17:50 
3,831 

1.11 
.24 
1.06 
.09 

.53 
3.02 
.92 

.27 
.03 

1,587,347 
363 
6,529:15 
17:59 
4,373 

.927 
.081 
.956 
.076 

.419 
2.518 
.578 
.241 
.044 

1,197,428 
363 
5,512:20 
15:11 
3,299 

1  .  202 
.144 
1.066 
.117 

.705 
3.178 
.917 
.397 
.049 

1,565,598 
361 
6,594:25 
18:16 
4,336 

.88 
.15 
1.05 
.09 

.57 
2.21 
.58 
.26 
.05 

Days  dredged 

Hours  and  minutes  dredged 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  
Average  yards  worked  per  day 

Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses: 
Labour,  cents  
Material  
Electric  power  

Water  

Repairs  : 
Labour 

Material 

General  expense 

Taxes  and  insurance 

Smelting  and  express 

Total,  cents  

7.27 

5.840 

7.775 

5.84 

1  Folsom  Division. 
DREDGE  NO.  9 
Capacity  15  cu.  ft.                                                                              Built  by  Yuba  Const.  Co. 

1912 

1911               1910       |        1909 

General  : 

2,651,514 
364 
7,498:05 
20:36 
7,284 

.72 
.22 
1.16 
.13 

.18 
1.50 
.48 
.24 
.04 

946,929 
143 
2,974:10 
20:48 
6,622 

1.005 
.380 
1.201 
.111 

.140 
.789 
.490 
.207 
.035 

Days  dredged 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  

Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses  : 

Material 

Electric  power 

Water 

Repairs  : 

Smelting  and  express   



Total,  cents  

4.67 

4.358 

CALIFORNIA 


41 


-  I 

O  8* 


82 


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il 

2  "S 


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r-t     i-l     <N     <N     rH     (N     i-l 


O5000000GOOOO500O5 


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fe  .= 

o  -i 


81 


18 

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91 

II 

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§1 


42 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Capacity  7J  cu.  ft. 


FEATHER  RIVER  DIVISION 

DREDGE  NO.  1. 
Constructed  by  Yuba  Const.  Co. 


Dec.  22,  1906 


1912 


1911  1910 


1909 


General  : 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards  

1,358,948 

1,229,318 

1,063,387 

1,257,055 

Days  dredged  1  

364 

363 

363 

365 

Hours  and  minutes  dredged  

7,925:55 

7,699:20 

7,221:35 

6,651:55 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  .... 
Average  yards  worked  per  day  

21:46 
3,733 

21:21 
3,386 

19:48 
2,929 

18:13 
3,444 

Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses  : 

Labour,  cents 

1  03 

1.161 

1.373 

1.28 

Material                 

.06 

.052 

.059 

.06 

Electric  power         .      .      .            .... 

.71 

.857 

.918 

.74 

Repairs  : 
Labour  

.05 

.073 

.104 

.28 

Material  

1.07 

1.766 

1.880 

1.82 

General  expense  
Taxes  and  insurance  
Smelting  and  express  

.65 
.25 
.02 

.723 
.273 

.041 

.821 
.398 
.052 

.37 
.19 
.04 

Total,  cents  

3.84 

4.946 

5.605 

4.78 

Capacity  7j  cu.  ft. 


DREDGE  NO.  2 
Constructed  by  Yuba  Const.  Co. 


Mar.  26,  1908 


1912 


1911  1910 


1909 


General  : 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards  

1,589,041 

1,369,224 

1,360,229 

1,177,772 

Days  dredged  

364 

363 

363 

365 

Hours  and  minutes  dredged  
Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  
Average  yards  worked  per  day  

Cost  per  yard  : 
Running  expenses  : 

7,842:35 
21:33 
4,365 

.84 

7,493:20 
20:39 
3,772 

.934 

6,840:10 
18:50 
3,747 

1.117 

7,048:10 
19:25 
3,227 

1.12 

Material 

.04 

.062 

.049 

.05 

Electric  power 

.60 

.658 

.627 

.68 

Repairs: 
Labour                   .                         

.05 

.067 

.111 

.33 

Material       .                    .          

.95 

1.389 

1.289 

1.14 

General  expense                   

.55 

.649 

.642 

.40 

Taxes  and  insurance               

.31 

.363 

.324 

.21 

Smelting  and  express   

.05 

.051 

.053 

.05 

Total,  cents.  . 

3.39 

4.173 

4.212 

4.03 

CALIFORNIA 


43 


Capacity  15  cu.  ft. 


DREDGE  NO.  3 
Constructed  by  Yuba  Const.  Co. 


Sept.,  1911 


1912 


1911 


1910  1909 


General  : 

Ground  worked,  cubic  yards  

2,401,081 

688,374 

288.5 

105 

Hours  and  minutes  dredged  

5,917:50 

1,942:40 

Average  hours  and  minutes  per  day  
Average  yards  worked  per  day  

20:30 
8,323 

18:30 
6,556 

Cost  per  yard: 
Running  expenses: 

.75 

.827 

j 
a 
'£ 

| 

.08 

.202 

8- 

1 

.94 

.814 

«• 

Repairs: 

.04 

.051 

o 
fc 

I 

Material                   

1.45 

.873 

General  expense  

.37 

.383 

Taxes  and  insurance  

.28 

.250 

.03 

.025 

Total,  cents  

3.94 

3.425 

The  above  data  are  furnished  by  F.  W.  Griffin. 

Remarks.  No.  1.  Nutal. — Formation  is  loose  sandy  gravel  with  a  cover- 
ing in  places  of  a  very  silty  soil.  The  formation  varies  from  10  to  20  ft. 
The  bedrock  is  lava  ash  and  not  hard.  The  gravel  caves  well  ahead  of  the 
dredge,  and  with  the  exception  of  the  disposition  of  the  sand,  the  conditions 
for  cheap  operation  are  excellent. 

No.  2.  Sacramento  Bar. — Conditions  are  similar  to  No.  1.  The  forma- 
tion is  a  loose  sandy  gravel.  The  bedrock  is  lava  ash  and  uniform  in  depth. 
The  depth  of  the  formation  is  approximately  20  to  25  ft. 

No.  3.  Mississippi  Bar. — The  formation  is  approximately  30  ft,  deep  and 
consists  of  sandy  gravel,  which  contains  strata  of  gravel  mixed  with  clay 
which  prevents  the  natural  caving.  The  bedrock  is  lava  ash.  The  forma- 
tion may  be  designated  as  loose,  making  the  conditions  for  cheap  operation 
excellent. 

No.  4.  Kendall  Tract. — Formation  is  loose  sandy  gravel  with  strata  con- 
taining a  little  clay  with  a  covering  of  fine  silty  soil,  in  places,  varying  to 
several  feet  in  depth.  The  bedrock  is  lava  ash  and  is  irregular  in  depth. 
Where  shallow  bedrock  is  encountered  difficulties  are  encountered  in  the 
disposition  of  sand.  The  conditions  for  cheap  operation  are  excellent. 


44  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

No.  5.  Rebel  Hill. — The  formation  consists  of  gravel  held  tightly  together 
with  clay.  In  places  the  gravel  is  cemented.  The  formation  will  not  cave, 
excepting  where  the  banks  are  high  and  large  pieces  break  off.  The  forma- 
tion is  covered  with  a  fine  silty  sticky  soil.  Bedrock  is  lava  ash.  The 
formation  is  approximately  60  ft.  deep  to  bedrock.  The  conditions  for  oper- 
ating cheaply  are  unfavorable.  The  digging  is  hard,  and  the  clay  makes 
the  washing  of  the  gravel  difficult. 

No.  6.  Sulky  Flat. — The  formation  is  similar  to  Rebel  Hill,  a  very  tight, 
and  in  places  a  cemented  gravel. 

No.  8  and  No.  9.     Rebel  Hill. — See  above. 

No.  10.  Hill  Below  Cottage. — Firm,  tight  gravel  with  clay  matrix.  The 
formation  contains  large  boulders.  The  bedrock  is  lava  ash.  The  operating 
conditions  are  against  cheap  costs,  as  the  dredge  is  working  up  a  grade, 
necessitating  construction  of  dams  to  raise  the  water  level.  The  digging  is 
hard  and  it  is  difficult  to  thoroughly  wash  the  material  on  account  of  clay 
particles. 

No.  7.  Blue  Ravine. — The  formation  is  about  60  ft.  deep  and  consists  of  a 
tight  gravel  from  surface  to  bedrock.  Strata  of  gravel  in  the  formation 
contains  considerable  clay.  The  bedrock  is  lava  ash.  The  digging  is  hard, 
and  difficulties  are  experienced  in  holding  up  the  water  levels  in  the  dredge 
ponds  on  account  of  bedrock  tunnels  formerly  used  in  mining  the  formation. 


CALIFORNIA 


45 


NORTH  STAR  MINES  CO. 
GRASS  VALLEY,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


$1,042,024  52 

$1,025,087 

$1,232,933  99 

501,153.92 

509,925 

505,792  03 

57,738.00 

46,481 

50,068  00 

Total  cost 

$558  891  92 

$556  406 

$555  860  03 

41,533  56 

58,064 

60  050  48 

437,946  24 

410,616 

617,023  45 

37,199  76 

42,273 

44,631  05 

Total  earnings         

$475,146. 

$452,889 

$661,654.50 

Mill: 

101  181 

95  401 

90,110 

$10  263 

$10  745 

$13  683 

77  45 

77  1 

Per  cent  rec'd    cyanide  treat 

22  55 

22  9 

Concen   cyanided,  tons       

1923 

1978 

2049 

Val  tails  from  cyanide  plant  

261 

24  1 

/osts  per  ton  : 

$3  06*9 

$3  317 

$3  477 

490 

526 

549 

.141 

138 

144 

.503 

541 

532 

Bullion                                    .               .... 

.029 

.03ll 

Miscellaneous                

.273 

.311 

General  expense  N.  Y.  office  

.154 

.163  [• 

.944 

Taxes  

.238 

.282 

Accident  and  benefit  

.075 

.064 

Less  sundry  receipts 

$4.972 
.019 

$5.373 
028 

$5.646 
033 

Total  operating  expenses  

$4  .  953 

$5  345 

$5  613 

Development  expenses  

.571 

.487 

.556 

Total  expense 

$5  524 

$5  832 

$6  169 

Profit  per  ton  

$4.739 

4.913 

7.514 

The  vein  is  a  fissure  varying  in  width  from  12  ft.  to  17  ft.  The  mine  is 
operated  by  inclined  shaft  to  a  depth  of  6000  ft.  The  ores  are  stamped, 
amalgamated,  concentrated  and  cyanided.  Transportation  fair;  a  narrow- 
;auge  railroad  connects  with  main  line  of  Southern  Pacific.  General  con- 
ditions are  favorable  for  low  costs. 


46 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OPERATING  COSTS  OF  CALIFORNIA  GOLD  MINES 

(MOTHER  LODE  SECTION) 
From  article  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  by  Chas.  Janin,  Oct.  26,  1912 


Mine 

Year 

Tonnage 

Mng. 
cost 

Milling 
cost 

Develop, 
cost 

Gen'l 
exp. 

Con- 

cen. 
Trtmt. 

Total 

costs 

Oneida 

1905 

56,680 

$2  611 

Fremont  con 

1910 

72,  000  2 

$1  66 

0  50 

0  363 

0  116 

2  66 

Lightner 

1908 

53,622 

2  14 

0  24 

0  42 

2  80 

Gwin  

07-08 

80,634 

1.078 

0.301 

0  251 

0  24» 

2  50* 

Cent.  Eureka.  .  .    . 

1903 

43,545 

1.79 

0.49 

0.519 

2  80 

Cent.  Eureka.  .  .  . 

1911 

42,747 

2.855 

0.55 

3.37 

Melones  

1910 

148,900 

0.51 

0.27 

0.31 

1.09« 

1903 

93  155 

2  93 

2  93 

0  42 

3  35 

Erie  £ 

1910 

13  587 

3  00 

Trinity  \  

1911 

0.57 

1.00 

0.10 

0.52 

2.19 

1  Ross  E.  Browne.  2  Approx.  »  Concentrate  charges.  *  Cost  including  depreciation  and 
proportion  of  general.  6  Total  mining,  including  prospecting. 

« Exclusive  of  freight  and  treatment  of  concentrate,  approximately  35  cents  per  ton 
additional. 


These  mines  are  located  on  the  so-called  Mother  Lode  which  is  a  miner- 
alized section  about  20  miles  wide  by  100  miles  long. 

The  veins  are  mainly  fissures  cutting  schists.  They  are  strong  to  depths 
of  3000  ft.  and  over.  The  ores  are  quartz  with  gold  values  in  the  native  state 
and  in  iron  pyrites.  Mines  are  operated  through  shafts. 

The  main  gold  content  is  recovered  by  amalgamation  with  a  subsequent 
treatment  of  concentration  and  cyanidation. 

The  ores  are  low  grade,  ranging  from  $2.50  to  $5.00  per  ton.  The  costs 
are  very  low,  due  to  regularity  of  ore  and  values  and  to  excellent  conditions 
for  cheap  operations. 

No  annual  reports  are  available  from  these  mines  and  it  is  difficult  to  ob- 
tain reliable  data.  Labor  wage  scale:  Miners,  $2.75,  8-hour  shift.  Mill- 
men,  $2.50  to  $3.50,  8-hour  shift.  Surface  labor,  $2.00  to  $2.50,  8-hour 
shift.  Electric  power  ranges  from  $4.50  to  $5  per  horse-power  month. 


CALIFORNIA 


47 


OROVILLE  DREDGING  CO.,  LTD. 

OBOVILLB,  CALIFORNIA 
Combined  Operations  at  Four  Properties 

Boston  &  Oroville  Co.     Boston  &  California  Co.     Oroville  Exploration 
Co.     Bear  River  Mining  Co. 


Year  Ended  July  31 

18  mos.,  Aug.   1, 
'11  to  Jan.  31,  '13 

1911 

Per  cent,  of 
total  cost 

$726,302 
358,543 

$462,285 
261,832 

Total  expenses 

Net  revenue       

$367,758 
383,238 
2,365 
23,469 

$200,454 
206,881 
8,881 
29,333 

97,570 

After  adding  miscl.  earnings  

Vliscl.  exp.  not  chargeable  to  operating...  . 
General    experiments    adm.    N.    Y.    and 
London. 
Vritten  off  for  dismantlement  of  dredges.  . 

Net  profits 

$35 
7,06 
20  hrs. 
1 

1.35,< 
.75 
.10 
1.89 
.04 
.67 
.27 

7,403 

2,528 
30.5 
.06  min. 
5.07j< 
0.28^ 
5.21 

26.6% 
14.8 
2.1 
37.1 
.8 
13.2 
5.4 

$70,400 

4,433,262 
34.6 
19  hr.  36  min. 
5.90,5 
10.42ff 
4.52ff 

1.45j< 
.77 
.08 
2.63 
.05 
.6,5 
.27 

Cubic  yards  excavated 

Actual  depth 

Dredging  time  average  daily 

Total  cost  per  yard             .  .             .    . 

Returns  per  yard  

Net  revenue  per  yard  

Costs  per  yard  : 
Labour  and  material  
Electric  power  

24.6 
13. 
1.8 
44.4 
.6 
11.0 
4.6 

Water 

Repairs 

Smelting  and  express 

General  expenses 

Taxes  and  insurance 

5.07^ 

100% 

5.90^ 

100 

Operations  year  July  31,  1914:  Working  profit,  $129,691;  after  deprecia- 
,ion,  etc.,  $73,903;  yards,  2,897,557;  returns,  8.6S&  cost,  4.04?f. 


48 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


ALL  COMPANIES  WITH  EXCEPTION  OF  BEAR  RIVER  MINING 

CO. 


1911 


1910 


Gross  returns 

$456  788 

$514  633 

Cost  of  dredging 

254  044 

224  033 

Net  operating  profit 

202  744 

290  599 

Yardage  hauled  

4  362  922 

4  666  736 

Returns  per  yard  : 

10  24f£ 

11  03  jf 

Cost  per  yard  

5  82i 

4  80j£ 

Profit  per  yard  

4A2t 

6.23^ 

BOSTON  &  OROVILLE  CO. 


Year  Ended  July  31,  1911 

18  mos.,  Aug.  1, 
'11  to  Jan.  31,  '13 

1911 

Refined  bullion  returns 

$158  604 

$108  643 

Total  expense  ... 

84  608 

65  389 

Net  revenue  

$73  996 

$43  254 

Cubic  yards  excavated     

1  769  112 

1  163  884 

Average  depth,  feet.  .  .        ... 

35  8 

37 

Dredging  time,  hours  

10  744 

7  215 

Total  cost  per  yard  

4  78i 

5  61£ 

Returns  per  yard  

8  96£ 

9  33£ 

Net  revenue,  cubic  yards  

4  18£ 

3  72i 

Costs  per  yard  : 
Labour  and  material  

1   190 

1  293  1 

Electric  power  . 

748 

775 

Water 

067 

069 

Repairs 

1  850 

2  650 

Smelting  and  experiment  charges  
General  expense 

.033 
512 

.038 
477 

Taxes  and  insurance 

373 

307 

Total  

4  7%i 

5  61£ 

Area  dredged,  acres  

30  62 

19  46 

No.  of  dredges  operating  

1. 

CALIFORNIA 


49 


BOSTON  &  CALIFORNIA  CO. 

Aug.  1,  1911  to  1911 
Jan.  31,  1913 

Gross  returns $77,968  $62,949 

Total  expenses 72,805  50,917 

Net  revenue $5,162  $12,031 

Cubic  yards  excavated 766,763  548,451 

Average  depth,  feet 35 . 7  39 

Dredging  time,  hours 10,912  7,183 

Total  cost  per  yard 9.49?!  9.28?! 

Returns  per  yard 10.16  11.47?! 

Net  revenue  per  cubic  yard .  67|£  2. 19?! 

Costs  per  yard : 

Labor  and  material 2.52  2.48 

Electric  power 1.43  1.23 

Water .47  .43 

Repairs 3.31  3.69 

Smelting  and  express  charges .04  .03 

General  expense 1.27  1.05 

Taxes  and  insurance .44  .33 

Total  cost 9.49  9.28?! 

Area  dredged 13.55  8.70  acres 

No.  dredges  operating 1 

OROVILLE  EXPLORATION  CO. 

Aug.    1,    1911    to  1911 
Jan.  31,  1913 

Gross  returns $489,728  $285,195 

Total  expenses 201,129  137,737 

Net  revenue $288,599  $147,458 

Cubic  yards  excavated 4,526,653  2,650,587 

Average  depth,  feet 28.3  28.7 

Dredging  time,  hours 33,650  21,555 

Total  cost  per  yard 4.44?!  5.19?$ 

Returns  per  yard 10.81?!  10.75?! 

Net  revenue  per  yard 6.37?!  5.56?! 

Cost  per  yard : 

Labor  and  material 1.21  1.3 

Electric  power .64  .66 

Water .05  .06 

Repairs 1.66  2.25 

Smelting  and  express  charges .04  . 045 

General  expenses .62  .635 

Taxes  and  insurance .21  .24 

Total 4.44?!  5.19?! 

Area  dredged 99.06  57.15  acres 

No.  dredges  operating 3 

4 


50 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 
BEAR  RIVER  MINING  CO. 


1911 

Gross  returns $5,497 

Total  expenses 7,787 

Net  revenue $2,290  loss 

Cubic  yards  excavated .*.  70,340 

Average  depth,  feet 61.8 

Dredging  time,  hours 529 

Total  cost  per  yard 11.07}* 

Returns  per  yard 7 . 81 

Net  revenue  per  cubic  yard '  3 . 25  loss 

Costs  per  yard : 

Labor  and  material „ 1.32 

Electric  power 1 . 18 

Repairs 7.16 

Smelting  and  express  charges .06 

General  expense .91 

Taxes  and  insurance .44 

Water 

Total  cost 11.07)5 

Area  dredged 73  acres 

Dredges  operating 1 


CALIFORNIA  51 

PACIFIC  GOLD  DREDGING  COMPANY 
FEATHER  RIVER,  OROVILLE  DISTRICT,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 

DREDGE  NO.  1.     OPERATING  COSTS  PER  CUBIC  YARD 

Covering  full  period  of  operation — June,  1906  to  June,  1913  (7  years  1  month) 

Total  cubic  yards  worked 9,506,219 

Operating  expenses : 

Labor Oil  Depreciation 007 

Power 007  Total                                         Q44 

Repairs  and  supplies 015  Lesg  ^^^  \  \  ]  \  \"'\    \  007 

Taxes  and  insurance 002 

Miscellaneous  expenses 002  Total  cost  per  yard $ .  037 

Remarks. — The  mining  season  in  the  Oroville  district  is  continuous, 
365  days  in  the  year. 

The  minimum  winter  temperature  is  seldom  lower  than  30°  F.;  snow  and 
ice  are  both  very  uncommon,  lasting  only  a  few  hours.  The  summer 
season  is  dry,  as  no  rain  falls  from  May  1  until  September  1.  There  is 
plenty  of  water  in  the  ground  and  in  the  streams  for  mining  purposes. 
The  climatic  conditions  are  ideal  for  dredging  work. 

The  Feather  River,  along  which  the  placer  deposit  of  the  Oroville  dis- 
trict occurs,  flows  through  a  broad  valley  the  surface  of  which  is  covered  with 
gold-bearing  gravels  and  sands  of  varying  richness  and  thickness.  The 
gold  has  been  carried  down  from  the  gold-bearing  quartz  veins,  and  old 
gold-bearing  gravels  in  the  mountainous  region  of  the  river's  upper  course, 
and  has  been  redeposited  along  with  the  coarse  gravels  and  sands  of  the 
river's  lower  course  in  the  neighborhood  of  Oroville.  The  gold-bearing 
gravels  below  the  town  of  Oroville,  which  is  at  the  lower  end  of  the  river's 
canyon,  cover  an  area  of  about  5000  acres. 

The  average  formation  of  ground  on  the  property  which  the  Pacific 
dredges  have  been  handling  for  the  past  7  years,  is  composed  of  a  top 
layer  of  sand  or  sandy  loam,  averaging  about  12  ft.  in  thickness.  This  is 
underlain  by  a  mixed  strata  of  gravel  and  sand,  and  sometimes  by  well- 
defined  stratas  of  sand  between  which  occur  other  stratas  of  coarse  or  fine 
gravel  and  sand.  The  size  of  the  gravel  varies  from  that  of  a  pea  to  oc- 
casional boulders  as  large  as  18  in.  in  diameter.  Beneath  this  mixture  of 
gravel  and  sand,  which  averages  18  ft.  in  thickness,  lies  the  bed-rock,  a 
volcanic  ash,  fairly  smooth  and  regular  in  contour,  and  soft  enough  to  dig 
with  the  dredge  buckets. 

There  is  no  cemented  gravel  in  the  formation,  which  is  as  a  rule  fairly 
loose.  In  places,  however,  the  sand  and  gravel  is  very  compact,  which 
makes  it  hard  to  dig. 


52 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


STANDARD  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 
BODIE,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Jan.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Bullion  realised  

$188,902 

$235,476 

$267  935 

178  741 

222  945 

235  405 

Tons  mined  wet 

9  465 

14  527 

Tons  mined  dry 

8  150 

8  798 

13  486 

Value  per  ton 

$11  72 

$14  74 

$14  38 

Total  value  ore  mined  

$95,507 

$129  696 

$194  013 

Mill  r     Dry  tons  milled  

8,150 

8,798 

13  486 

Value  per  ton  
Value  saved  by  mill  

$11.72 

$48,252 

$14:74 
$59,381 

$14.38 
$80,390 

Recovery,  per  cent  

50.5 

45.8 

41.44 

Stamp  duty,  tons  

2.3 

2.8 

Slimes  Plant  :     Tailirlgs  from  mine  ore  .  . 
Per  ton.. 

46,503 

$5  80 

$70,314 

$7  99 

$113,622 

$8  42 

Dry  tons  from  ponds 

16,568 

15  916 

21  073 

Value  per  ton  ....        .        ... 

$5  63 

$4  48 

$4  79 

Total  tons  day  
Average  value  
Tails  
Extraction,  per  cent  
Entire  Plant  :     Indicated  recovery  
Bullion  recovery  

24,593 
$5.69 
.75 
86.7 
$169,541 
188,902 

24,715 
$5.73 
.75 
86.8 
$182,283 
235,476 

34,559 
$6.21 
1.01 
83.75 
$259,984 
267,935 

Indicated  extraction  
Actual  extraction,  per  cent  

89.7 
100.0 

90.7 
117.1 

88.25 
90.87 

Cost  per  ton  : 

Mining 

Dry  Weight 
$10  718 

Wet  Weight 
$11  781 

Wet  Weight 

$7  554 

Milling  

1  922 

1  878 

1  284 

Cyaniding   

2.  100 

2  395 

2.014 

Administration  

.974 

1.053 

.798 

Total. 

$15  714 

$17  107 

$11  647 

Over  cost  all  material  

$7.231 

$8.212 

$6.178 

Development  feet  

6,216 

6,254 

Cost  development  :     Labour  per  foot  .... 

$4  .  854 

Not  available 

Supplies  per  foot  

1.428 

Not  available 

Powder  per  foot  

.088 

Not  available 

Total  

$6.370 

$7.02 

Per  ton  

$4.86 

$5.42 

Cost  stoping  :     Labour  per  ton  

$5.45 

Supplies 

1  82 

Not  available 

Powder  

.098 

Total  

$7.368 

Remarks. — Property  is  very  old,  mine  having  been  worked  for  33  years. 
Work  has  been  confined  to  above  water  level.  Operations  are  now  being 
carried  on  in  stringers  and  in  reworking  the  old  veins.  Stoping  was  done  on 
20  different  veins  in  year  ending  Jan.  31,  1913. 


CALIFORNIA 

YUBA  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  FIELDS 
CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 


53 


Year  Ended  Feb.  28 


1912 


1911 


Revenue  gold  
Miscl.  receipts.  .  .        

$2,657,681 
7,425 

$2,927,245 
71,463 

Total  income 

$2,665,106 

$2,998,708 

Operating  expenses 

737,496 

755,800 

Total  expenses  after  eng.,  develop.,  prospecting,  deprec. 
Boston  exp..  franchise,  government  tax. 

804,651 

817,372 

Profit  
Net  after  miscl  

Area  dredged    acres 

$1,860,454 
$1,887,431 

157  4 

$2,181,336 
2,181,336 

127  04 

Returns  per  acre 

$16,878 

$22,709 

Average  depth,  feet 

62  1 

61.5 

Cubic  yards,  worked                                                         .    . 

15,778,083 

12,726,277 

Av.  ground  dredged  daily,  yards  
Gross  returns  per  cubic  yard  

3,806 
16.86f5 

3,187 
22.674 

Av.  cost  per  cubic  yard  

4.67)5 

5.38 

Net  revenue  per  cubic  yard  

12.19^ 

17.29ff 

Year  end  Feb.  28,  1914:     Profit,  $1,286,519;  yield,  13.17 1.;  cost,  4.87c.; 
profit,  8.30?f. 

(See  also  Appendix  page  350) 

PENN  MINING  CO., 

CAMPO  SECO,  CALAVERAS  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31,  1912 


Production : 

Pounds  copper 

Ounces  gold 

Ounces  silver 

Tons  mined 

Tons  smelted 

Contents  per  ton: 

Copper,  per  cent.  .  . 

Gold,  oz 

Silver,  oz 


6,058,449.0 

2,867.5 

112,020.8 

52,178.8 

51,162.7 

5.805 
0.055 
2.148 


See  also  Appendix,  page  350. 


54  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

CALAVERAS  COPPER  CO. 
COPPEROPOLIS,  CALIF. 

The  following  are  average  costs  at  the  Calaveras  mine  on  the  basis  of 
shipping  the  crude  ore  direct  to  a  custom  smelter. 

Analysis  of  Ore. — Copper,  10  per  cent.;  SiO2,  11  per  cent.;  FeO,  45  per 
cent.;  S,  33  per  cent.;  A12O3,  7  per  cent.;  CaO,  1  per  cent.;  MgO,  4  per  cent. 

Basis  of  settlement  at  Selby  smelter  of  American  Smelting  &  Refining 
Co.  at  San  Francisco:  Pay  for  95  per  cent,  of  the  gold  and  95  per  cent, 
of  the  silver*  Copper  paid  for  less  1  per  cent,  and  settlement  at  3  cents 
off  the  New  York  quotations.  Treatment,  $3  a  ton. 

Ten  per  cent,  copper  ore.  Pay  for  9  per  cent.,  180  Ib.  Copper  15  cents 
less  3  cents  =  12  cents  =  $21.60. 

Cost  per  ton : 

Mining $2.00 

Sorting 1.75 

Haulage  to  railroad 3 . 00 

Freight  to  San  Francisco 1.25 

Treatment 3.00 

Total  cost $11.00 

Profit $10.60 

Basis  settlement  at  Mammoth  Smelter  of  U.  S.  Smelting  Co.  Pay  for 
95  per  cent,  of  both  gold  and  silver  contents.  Copper  paid  for  less  1.3 
per  cent,  and  settlement  at  3  cents  off  the  New  York  quotations.  Treatment 
$1  per  ton. 

Ten  per  cent,  copper  =  8. 7  per  cent,  paid  for  =  174  Ib. 

Copper  at  15  cents  -3  cents  =  12  cents  =  $20.88. 

Cost  per  ton : 

Mining $2.00 

Sorting 1.75 

Haulage  to  railroad 3 . 00 

Freight  to  Kenneth,  California 2 . 75 

Treatment. . .  1 . 00 


Total  cost $10.50 

Profit $10. 38 

Remarks. — Location  15  miles  from  Milton,  Calaveras  County,  Cali- 
fornia. Nearest  railway  connection  Milton.  All  supplies,  provisions,  etc., 
are  hauled  by  mule-team  to  railway. 

Ore  Occurrence. — Ore  is  chalcopyrite  interstratified  with  layers  of  schist, 
occurring  in  more  or  less  of  a  lenticular  formation  throughout  the  schist 


CALIFORNIA  55 

zone.  The  average  of  the  ore  is  about  4  per  cent,  copper.  It  carries 
no  values  in  gold  and  silver.  The  ores  are  hand-sorted  and  two  products 
made,  i.e.,  high-grade  8  per  cent,  and  low-grade  3  per  cent.,  about  one-fifth 
of  the  tonnage  being  high-grade  and  four-fifths  low-grade. 

Geology. — Mines  are  situated  on  a  schist  belt,  striking  in  a  general  north 
and  south  direction.  This  rock,  which  is  the  ore-bearing  formation  and 
averages  in  the  neighborhood  of  100  ft.  thick,  is  a  chloride  or  amphibolite 
schist.  Hanging- wall,  slate,  foot- wall,  diorite  slate.  The  formation  has 
many  characteristics  in  common  with  the  Mother  Lode,  which  lies  on  a 
parallel  belt  12  miles  to  the  east. 

Vein. — The  mineralized  portion  of  the  vein  varies  up  to  40  ft.  in  width. 
The  bulk  of  the  ore  is  of  a  concentrating  character,  with  occasional  areas 
of  high-grade  ore  often  consisting  of  clean  chalcopyrite.  These  are  some- 
times several  feet  in  extent.  The  oxidation  has  extended  to  only  shallow 
depths,  sulphides  often  coming  to  within  25  to  30  ft.  of  the  surface. 
Apparently  there  is  no  perceptible  change  in  character  of  the  ores  in 
depth. 

Development. — Mine  is  developed  by  shafts  to  a  depth  of  800  ft.  The 
method  of  mining  is  overhand-stoping  and  square-setting. 

Plants. — Property  has  a  concentrating  mill  of  250  to  300  tons  per  day; 
also  a  smelter.  Both  mill  and  smelter  are  located  one-half  mile  below 
mine. 

At  the  time  the  above  cost  data  was  compiled  the  mill  and  smelter  were 
not  operating  and  the  costs  shown  are  those  for  crude  ore  shipped. 

General.-^-Power  is  furnished  by  electricity  from  the  Sierra  &  San  Fran- 
cisco Power  Co.,  also  by  steam-plant  using  oil  as  fuel.  Oil  costs  at  the 
property  $1.25  per  barrel  and  coke  (for  smelting)  $13  per  ton.  The  cost 
of  electric  power  is  $60  per  horse-power  per  year.  Haulage  is  done  at  a 
cost  of  $3  per  ton.  The  Calaveras  ore  contains  a  considerable  quantity  of 
alumina,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  analyses,  and  in  the  smelting  operations 
which  were  carried  on  10  per  cent,  silica  was  required.  Timber  costs  $20 
per  thousand. 

Data  and  Remarks  by  Josiah  H.  Trerise. 


56  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

FIRST  NATIONAL  COPPER  CO. 
CORAM,  SHASTA  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA,  U.  S.  A. 

Period  Month  of  August,  1909 

The  First  National  Copper  Co.  began  operations  at  the  Balaklala  Mine 
in  1908  and  in  that  year  the  smelter  was  in  commission  for  52  days.  The 
year  1909  was  one  of  development  rather  than  of  operating.  During  the 
18  months  ended  June  30,  1911,  the  smelter  was  closed  three  different 
times  pending  the  installation  of  a  process  for  elimination  of  sulphur 
fumes  and  for  balance  of  year  operations  were  at  one-third  capacity.  The 
property  finally  was  forced  to  close  down  in  July,  1911,  owing  to  fume  trouble. 
We  give  below  figures  taken  from  the  company's  report  for  a  given  period 
in  1909  together  with  other  data  on  the  company's  operations. 
Production:  Month  of  August 

Tons  blister,  shipped 701 

Copper,  pounds 1,288,421 

Silver,  ounces 74,144 

Gold,  ounces 1,764 

PROFIT  BALAKLALA  ORE 
Income : 

Copper  1,681,862  Ib.  X  82  per  cent,  recovered  =  1,506,948  Ib.  sold  at  13(f  =  $195,903 
Silver  89,564.5  oz.  X  93  per  cent,  recovered  =  83,295  oz.  sold  at  5l£  =  42,480 
Gold  2,106.6  oz.  X  98  per  cent,  recovered  =  2,064.4  oz.  sold  at  $20.25  =  41,806 

Total  selling  value $280,189 

Expenses : 

Total  cost  of  ore  at  smelter $116,484 

Total  smelter  operating  expense , 83,035 

Freight  on  762.6  tons  bullion  (98.8  per  cent.  Cu")  @  $16 12,202 

Refining  charges  on  762.6  tons  @  $15 11,439 

Selling  commission  1  per  cent,  of  copper  sold 1,959 

Interest  and  insurance,  etc 2,591 

Administration  expense 1,000 

Total  expenses $228,710        $228,710 

Profit $51,479 

Profit  per  ton  of  Balaklala  ore  treated  $1.966. 

1,230,192  Ib.  copper  from  Balaklala  ore  cost  sold  in  New  York  8.82j5  per  pound. 
Mine  and  smelter: 

Tons  ore  mined . .  .  ; 28,401 

Tons  ore  delivered  to  smelter 28,351 

Tons  ore  smelted,  Balaklala  ore  26,186  tons  and  custom  flue  dust  1,661  tons  or  a  total  of 

27,847. 

The  total  charge  smelted  was  45,128  tons  and  the  total  copper  produced  653  tons. 
Grade  of  ore  treated : 

Per  cent,  contents  per  ton: 

Copper,  per  cent 2 . 65 

Silver,  oz 1 .04 

Gold,  oz 029 

Costs  per  ton,  mine  operating: 


CALIFORNIA 


57 


The  following  costs  are  for  the  month  of  November. 


November 


Per  ton 


Summary  : 
General  expense                   ...        

$1,180.47 

042 

Mining         .            

28,156.73 

994 

Diamond  drilling     

2,208.99 

.077 

2  330  04 

082 

269  78 

009 

Air  drills 

527  09 

020 

584  37 

021 

Tramming                                    .                         

1,636  08 

057 

Power  .           .        .    .        

1,090.35 

035 

Shop  expense   

80.62 

003 

Mine  stable  
Surface  and  road  repairs  

180.23 
140.94 

.006 
.005 

87  09 

003 

Operating  cost  wet  excl  diam.  drilling         .    .  . 

$38,471.78 

$1.354 

$1  277 

Tramway  expense,  mine  to  smelter  

.102 

SMELTER  OPERATING  COST 


Amount 

Cost  per  ton 
of  charge 

Cost  per  ton 
of  ore  and  cus- 
tom flue  dust 

Pay  roll 

$22  909  21 

$0  508 

$0  823 

Salaries 

1  040  15 

023 

037 

Supplies 

6,472  27 

143 

232 

Coke,  2,883  tons  @  $11.88 

34,250  00 

759 

1  229 

Lime  rock,  7,003  tons  @  $1.325  

9,278  98 

206 

333 

Fuel  oil,  292,180  gals.  @  .022  

6,472  96 

142 

231 

Converter  clay,  105.71  tons  @  $3.667  
Electric  power  

387.64 
1,926.00 

.009 
.043 

.014 
.069 

Taxes,  legal  and  miscellaneous  

1,064.02 

.023 

.038    • 

Less  sundry  credits 

$83,756.23 
721  28 

$1.856 
016 

$3.006 
026 

Total  cost  per  ton  

$83,034.95 

$1.840 

$2.980 
$4.43 

During  the  month  5884  tons  of  silicious  ore  were  received  and  3172  tons 
were  used. 

The  mining  cost  for  October,  November,  and  December,  1908,  was 
$1.593.  Including  development  and  general  expenses,  it  was  $2.424. 
Smelt.,  $2.92. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  350. 


COLORADO 

Cripple  Creek  District 

THE  ELKTON  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  &  MILLING  COMPANY 
CRIPPLE  CREEK,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 

Period,  Year  Ended  Dec.  31  1911 

Gross  value  ore  mined  and  shipped $342,328 

Net  cost  of  operation 274,475 

Net  profit  of  operation $67,853 

The  above  profit  does  not  include  deprec.  charge  of $98,139 

Mine  Dump  Total 

Production  (Lessee's  work) :  Gross  tonnage 2,847  1,659  4,506 

Net  tonnage 2,720  1,629  4,349 

Total  gross  value $49,253          $12,282          $61,536 

Total  freight  and  treatment 14,288  6,524  20.722 

Total  net  return $34,964  $5,758          $40,722 

Average  per  ton  gross : $18.10  $7.54  $14.15 

Average  per  ton  freight  and  treatment 5 . 25  4 . 00  4 . 79 

Average  per  ton  net $12.85  $3.54  $9.36 

R   &  BH          En*ire 
Company  work  Elkton  property 

lease  _  , 

Grand   total 

Gross  tonnage 17,001  180  21,687 

Net  tonnage 16,504  173  21,026 

Total  gross  value $278,575          $2,242          $342,353 

Total  freight  and  treatment 87,424          $1,0731         $109,310 

Total  net  returns $191,150          $1,169          $232,042 

Average  per  ton  gross $16.88         $12.92  $16.28 

Average  per  ton  freight  and  treatment 5 . 30  5 . 03  5 . 20 

Average  per  ton  net $11.58  $6.89  $11.08 

Tons  hoisted,  total 29,565 

Tons  shipped 16,951 

Per  cent,  waste  in  ore  broken 42§  % 

Costs  per  ton:  Breaking  ore  per  ton $.785  (labor  only) 

Breaking  waste  per  ton 1 . 143  (labor  only) 

Breaking  ore  and  waste .814  (labor  only) 

Total  cost  ore  hoisted $1 . 36    (Total  underground  labor  and  powder) 

Total  cost  ore  shipped 2. 32     (Total  underground  labor  and  powder) 

Sorting  and  sampling 3.37    per  ton  ore  hoisted 

Sorting  and  sampling 67    per  ton  ore  shipped 

Average  wages  per  shift,  underground.. .  .      3.51 

Development  cost:  Cost  upraising $4.62    per  ft. 

Cost  shaft  sinking 15. 38    per  ft. 

Drifting 4 . 02    per  ft. 

Drifting  contract 5. 97    per  ft. 

Sinking  winze  82  ft 12.51    per  ft. 

» Royalty  $870. 

58 


COLORADO  59 


EL  PASO  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
CRIPPLE  CREEK,  COLO. 


Year  ending  Dec.  31  1913 

Ore  sales $600,011 . 59 

Miscellaneous  earnings 17,754.78 


Total  earnings $617,766.37 

Total  operating  expenses 547,838. 83 


Operating  profit $69,927. 54 

Less  depreciation,   drainage,  amortization,   accrued  taxes,        78,947.18 
etc. 


Loss.. $9,019.64 

Tonnage :  Company  ore  Leasers 

Tons  ore  shipped 28,523  9,121 

Average  gross  value $15.263  $18.053 

Average  treatment  and  transportation  charges $5. 65  $6. 14 

Average  mining  cost $6. 744                  

Average  net  value  per  ton $2.83  $3.08 

Costs  per  ton  shipped : 

Mining $6.212 

Maintenance 442 

Maintenance  mine  residence.  . 037 

Grading  railroad  track 053 


Total  mine  cost $6. 744 

Treatment  and  transportation 5 . 650 

Miscellaneous  general  expense 1 . 784 


$14.178 


60 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


PORTLAND  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
CRIPPLE  CREEK,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ending  Dec. 
Gross  production  
Total  expenses  
Total  profits  

31                            1913 
$1,604,443 

1912 
$1,413,765 
$1,091,020 
$322,745 

44,562 
$22.16 
173,361 

$3.15 
$1.17 
$5.006 
7,680 
244,743 

33  value 
268,796 

1911                1910 
$1,485,622     $1,354,421 
$1,114,708        $987,042 
$380,579    '     $372,424 

50,258            67,515 
$22.68           $18.32 
120,961            46,237 
81.4            
$3.51              $2.45 

$6.51              $8.67 
9,520              7,914 
237,062            

Dividends 
$9,457,080 

Tonnage  : 

Tonnage  shipped 

53  245 

Average  gross  value.  .  .  . 

$25.93 

Tons  milled  (low  grade)  . 
Mill  saving,  per  cent.  .  .  . 

178,162 

Average  gross  value 

$2  95 

Average  profit  per  ton 

Total  costs  per  ton 

Development,  feet 

12  443 

Total  development,  feet. 
Totals  to  1913 

257  186 

Tons  mined               Groi 
1,549,668                 $36, 

Remarks. — The  ores  of  the  Cripple  Creek  district  are  tellurides  of  gold 
occurring  as  fissures  in  phonolite.  At  first  only  the  rich  ores  were  mined 
but  in  the  last  few  years  mills  have  been  built  to  treat  the  low-grade  ores 
left  in  the  stopes  and  surface  dumps. 

The  Portland  now  makes  two  products,  the  higher  grade  ore  being  shipped 
to  its  Colorado  Springs  plant  and  the  low-grade  ores  being  cyanided  at  its 
Victor  Mill. 

The  mine  is  opened  by  shafts  to  a  depth  of  about  1200  to  1400  ft.  Large 
quantities  of  water  have  been  handled  but  the  mines  are  now  drained  to  a 
considerable  depth  by  a  long  district  tunnel. 


COLORADO 


61 


STRATTON'S  INDEPENDENCE,  LTD. 
CRIPPLE  CREEK,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  June  30  1913  1912 
Milling  operation : 

Dump  ore  milled  tons 104,111  

Mine  ore  milled  tons 25,999  

Total 130,110  112,391 

Total  ounces  gold 20,013  17,428 

Ounces  gold  per  ton  ore 0. 1538  0. 155 

Total  ounces  gold  recovered 15,707  12,833 

Per  cent,  recovered  in  concentrates 34.43  42. 19 

Per  cent,  recovered  in  bullion 44.05  31.44 

Per  cent,  recovered 78.48  73.63 

Milling  cost  per  ton : 

Coarse  crushing  and  sorting $0. 173537  Not  available 

Fine  crushing  cone,  and  treatment  cone .517619  Not  available 

Cyaniding  and  chemicals -.  .  . .  500490  Not  available 

Miscellaneous  expenses r .  126211  Not  available 

Total  milling $1 .317857  $1 . 271 

Mining  dump  ore .  122176"  0. 0951 

Treating  cone 0. 136 

Total $1 . 440033  $1 . 503 

1  Including  transportation  to  mill. 

1913  Operations. — During  the  year  the  net  production  from  lessees 

decreased  $127,264.  The  production  of  shipping  ore  decreased  $20,072  over 
the  previous  fiscal  year. 

1912  Operations. — The  following  are  the  different  sources  of  production 
with  gross  and  net  value. 


Production 
Lease: 

Surface  ore 

Washington 

Independence 

Company : 

Independence  Co. 


Tons        Gross  value      Net  value 


Total 

Mine  ore  milled. 

Total... 


1,567 

1,922 

10,455 

4,550 

18,495 
13,019 

31,514 


$35,735 

48,599 

304,464 

116,518 

505,318 

67,887 


$24,724 

35,343 

230,456 

87,156 

377,681 
20,784 


Royalty 

5,565 
14,245 
88,941 


$573,205          $398,465          $108,751 


62 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Gross  tons     Net  tons     Value  per  ton 

Ore  from  mine  to  mill 19,435  13,019  $5.21 

Tons      Gross  value     Frt.  and  treat.      Net  value 

Lessee  ore 13,945         $27.88  $7.05  $20.83 

Company  ore 4,550         $25.60  $6.45          '      $19.15 


Net  after  paying  mine  for  low-grade  ore 

Mine  and  mill  earnings 

After  deducting  for  depreciation  mine  and  mill 


$68,282 

174,511 

17,000 


Com.  and  adjust,  leaves  net  profit $145,322 

1904  Operations,  Year  Ending  July  1. — The  costs  of  this  year  were  quite 
representative  of  that  time.  The  rich  ore-bodies  were  about  gone  and  the 
leasing  system  was  recommended  by  Mr.  John  Hays  Hammond,  Consulting 
Engineer  for  the  Company.  The  ore  was  sorted  at  the  surface  and  shipped 
to  the  smelter.  No  scheme  of  milling  was  practised. 

Gross  value $949,331 

Total  revenue 992,949 

Expenses 1,058,287 


Loss 

Tons  ore  mined 

Average  value 

Tons  ore  sorted  out  and  shipped. 
Average  value 


Costs  per  ton  shipped : 

Freight  and  treatment 

Repairs  and  improvements 

Mine  development 

Mining 

Shipping  and  selling 

General  expense 


$65,338 

171,573 

$5.533 

43,758 

$21.695 


$7.758 

.267 

4.140 

9.613 

.177 

1.380 

$23.335 


Per  ton  mined 
$1.9787 


1 . 0557 
2.4516 

.4652 


$5.9512 


Remarks. — The  ores  occur  in  fissures  in  phonolite.  The  phonolite  is 
sometimes  seamed  with  mineral.  The  gold  occurs  in  the  form  of  sylvanite 
(gold-telluride)  in  seams  and  bunches.  The  first  ore  mined  was  very  high 
grade  but  as  this  was  exhausted  the  lower  grade  ores  were  worked. 

The  mine  is  operated  through  a  shaft  to  a  depth  of  1400  ft.  At  first  all 
ores  were  sampled  in  car  lots  and  shipped  to  smelters  but  later  mills  were 
erected  and  the  ores  are  now  cyanided. 

The  flow  of  mine  water  is  heavy.  Transportation  and  smelting  facilities 
are  good. 


COLORADO  63 


VINDICATOR  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
CRIPPLE  CREEK,  COLORADO,  U  S.  A. 

Year  ending  Dec.  31  1911 

Gross  products $647,710. 19 

Less  smelting  and  transportating $118,361. 14 

Operating  expense $412,238.05 

Operating  profit $243,272.21 

Main  shaft  Hull  City  shaft 

Qrude  ore  hoisted,  tons 82,160  12,t'64 

Ore  shipped,  tons 16, 161  3,071 

Average  yield  per  ton $34 . 50  $29 . 13 

Costs  per  ton  ore  shipped : 

Mining  and  development $13. 192 

Sampling .595 

General  office  expense 1 . 701 

Legal  expense .538 

Taxes...  .485 


Total $16.511 

Development,  feet 7,210. 5 

Total,  feet 175,159.6 

Remarks. — The  ore  and  veins  are  typical  of  the  district,  being  tellurides 
of  gold  in  fissure  veins.  The  ore  is  sorted  on  the  surface,  the  poorest  ore 
and  waste  being  discarded.  The  shipping  ore  is  sent  to  a  sampling  plant  and 
thence  to  the  smelter.  No  milling  operations  are  practised. 

The  mine  is  operated  through  shafts  to  a  depth  of  1600  ft.  About 
27,000,000  gal.  water  were  pumped  during  the  year. 


64  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


San  Juan  District 

BUTTERFLY-TERRIBLE  GOLD  MINING  CO. 
AMES,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  March  31  1912 

Gross,  prod $40,122.85 

Total  expense $37,529 . 99 

Profit $2,592 . 86 

Profit  per  ton $0. 156 

Mill: 

Tons  ore  milled 16,620 . 9 

Ave.  value  per  ton  gross $2 . 992 

Ave.  value  tails 0 . 578 

Ave.  value  recovered 2 . 414 

Mill  extraction,  per  cent 80. 7 

Costs  per  ton  milled : 

Mining  and  development $1 . 127 

Milling .504 

Bullion  and  concentrate  expense .  146 

Superintendence .  258 

General  expense .  035 

Royalty .230 


$2.300 
Miscellaneous  earnings .  042 


Total $2 . 258 

Remarks. — The  vein  is  a  practically  vertical  fissure  vein  of  quartz  carry- 
ing gold  in  finely  disseminated  particles  and  iron  pyrites.  Mine  opened  by 
adit. 

The  mill  has  thirty  1050-lb.  stamps  and  nine  Frue  Vanners.  The  concen- 
trates are  shipped  to  the  smelter.  Water  power  is  available  for  7  months  of 
the  year.  Mining  conditions  very  favorable.  Transportation  facilities 
good. 


COLORADO 


65 


CAMP  BIRD,  LIMITED 
OUBAY,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  April  30 

1912 

1911 

1910 

1909 

Total  recovered 

$1,742,040.64 

$1,812,571.89 

$2,645,620.88 

$2,269,622.24 

Mill: 
Tons  ore  milled  

66,505 

79,186 

70,714 

80,157 

$26  178 

$22  .  89 

$33.18 

$28.31 

Mill  saving,  per  cent  
Profit  per  ton 

94.68 
$16.476 

94.87 
$13.49 

95.5 
$23  .  77 

94.08 
$19.55 

Costs  per  ton  ore  : 
Mining  ,  
Tramway  

$  3.01 
.206 

$  3.316 
.188 

$  3.56 
0.18 

$  3.52 
.17 

Stamp  milling  

1.174 

1.134 

1.15 

1.10 

662 

.584 

0.61 

.58 

Shipping  and  selling 

2.108 

1.796 

1.73 

1.31 

Gen.  expense  
Depreciation  

1.962 
.580 

1.926 
.460 

1.69 

0.49 

1.56 
.52 

Total  

$  9.702 

$  9.404 

$  9.41 

$  8.76 

See  also  Appendix,  page  351, 


LIBERTY  BELL  GOLD  MINING  COMPANY 
TELLURIDE,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year    Ended  Sept.  30     j      1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


1908 


Gross  production 

itt1.3QQ.fi3fi   IS 

$959,873.70  itt702.834.fi7 

$844,226.05 

Mill: 

v 

Tons  ore  treated  

170,000 

155,950 

133,899 

125,681 

116,353 

Ave.  assay  value  

$10.06 

$8.34 

$6.78 

$9.616 

Ave.   mill  recovery,  per 

89 

89 

86 

82 

79 

cent. 

Costs  per  ton  : 

Mining  

1.62 

$1.67 

$2.32 

$2.36 

$2.50 

Development  

.15 

.10 

.29 

.49 

.63 

Transportation  

.15 

.16 

.19 

.29 

.36 

Milling  

1.50 

1.55 

1.73 

1.67 

1.88 

Marketing  prod  

.31 

.31 

.32 

.19 

.24 

Gen  expense                     ! 

.62 

.33 

.32 

.37 

Taxes 

.09 

.08 

.07 

.10 

] 

Total  

$4.50 

$5.26 

$5.39 

$6.08 

See  also  Appendix,  page  351 


66 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


TOMBOY  GOLD  MINES  CO.,  LIMITED 
TELLURIDE,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  June  30 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


$1  049  166 

$962  061  60 

$818431   11 

$838  720  65 

Total  expenses 

569  Oil 

$594,040  45 

$509  057  42 

$530  383  32 

Tons  ore  milled 

129,618 

107,577 

116,222 

110,560 

Average  yield  per  ton  

$8.02 

$8.87 

$6.72 

$7.38 

Profit  per  ton  

$3.63 

$4.18 

$2.34 

$2.58 

Costs  per  ton  : 

Mining  

1.45 

$1.37 

$1.42 

$2.71 

Development  

.74 

.83 

.83 

Milling  

.52 

.67 

.63 

Concentrating 

1  03 

1  00 

82 

1  56 

ie 

19 

17 

Assay  office  

.04 

.04 

.03 

General  expense 

30 

42 

32 

\                   53 

Taxes  

.15 

.17 

.16 

I 

$4.39 

$4.69 

$4.38 

$4.80 

Resume"  for   1909.— Production  $832,560. 
Average  value  $7 . 98.     Costs  per  ton  $4 . 67. 


Expenses   $480,527.     Tons  milled   102,844. 


Remarks. — In  gross  production  for  each  year  is  included  a  small  board- 
ing-house profit. 

The  vein  occurs  as  a  fissure  which  is  mined  by  back-stoping.  The  ore  is 
stamped,  amalgamated  and  concentrated,  the  concentrates  being  shipped  to 
the  smelter. 

The  mine  is  about  3  miles  from  railroad  by  good  wagon  road.  Smelter  is 
about  50  to  60  miles  away.  Winter  conditions  are  very  severe  .and  opera- 
tions sometimes  held  up. 

The  profit  in  1913  was  $471,346.  The  ore  reserves  are  estimated  at 
426,000  tons. 

The  cost  of  concentration,  $1 . 03,  may  be  dividied  into  $ .  64  for  concentra- 
tion and  $.39  for  freight  on  concentrates  to  railroad. 

In  the  1913  report  the  analysis  of  battery  feed  from  Montana  Mine  of 
the  company,  which  produced  54,000  tons  or  41  per  cent,  of  total  ore  milled, 
shows  character  of  ore  treated.  It  is  as  follows:  Gold,  oz.  0.48;  silver,  oz. 
4.51;  lead,  per  cent.  1.03;  zinc,  per  cent.  2.18;  iron,  per  cent.  4.13  and 
copper,  per  cent.  0 . 28. 


COLORADO 


67 


Leadville  District 
IRON  SILVER  MINING  CO. 
LEADVILLE,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Period  Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


p             1        f 

$356,492 

386,600 

548,119 

440,530 

262,673 

270,089 

252,175 

$123,926 

$278,030 

$188,355 

Mine: 

55  326 

53  618 

Net  tons  after  sorting        

47,668 

46,410 

17,663 

47,668 

46,410 

17,663 

$1,848,298 

$365,492 

$523,904 

$428,588 

Lessees  operations  : 

23,844 

16,294 

4,142 

$123,079 

$112,704 

$22,418 

Received  by  company  in  Royalties  

14,509 
3  199 

15,106 
2  785 

3,008 

Mine  development  

8,343 

4,980 

9,451 

The  metal  contents  of  the  ore  produced  in  1913  was  as  follows: 


Moyer  mine 

Tucson  mine     | 

Leases 

Gold,  ounces     

67.67 

70.07 

371.83 

Silver,  ounces  

156,363.75 

105,738.87 

129,500.91 

Lead,  pounds  

.   6,254,054 

3,924,411 

1,927,456 

Zinc,  pounds  

12,043,592 

6,126,050 

7,489,271 

7,230 

Iron,  pounds  •.  

509,160 

254,227 

1,982,124 

ORE  PRODUCTION 

The  following  tables  show  the  tonnage  of  the  various  classes  of  ore  shipped 
from  each  mine,  and  by  the  Lessees  in  1913  together  with  net  values: 


Class  of  ore 

Moyer  mine 

Tucson  mine 

Tons 

Net  value 

Tons 

Net  value 

Zinc-lead  sulphide  
Lead  carbonate  
Zinc  carbonate  

25,753.79 
72.31 

$186,594.00 
451.45 

10,847.47 
5,981.59 
1,315.35 
456.16 
255.41 
159.65 

$75,153.22 
46,393.75 
8,064.97 
3,521.36 
2,216.48 
9,253.56 

Iron  sulphide  

376.82 

1,637.90 

Copper  sulphide 

Silicious  sulphide  
Zinc  sulphide  
Lead  sulphide  

Totals.  .  . 

641.64 
1,807.76 

4,119.66 
19,085.84 

28.652.32       $211,888.85 

19.015.63 

$144.603.34 

68 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


LEASES 


Class  of  ore 

Tons 

Net  value 

Zinc-lead  sulphide. 

10  328  67 

$59  187  78 

Zinc  carbonate  
Iron  sulphide  
Iron  oxide  
Zinc  sulphide  
Lead  sulphide  

7,122.80 
1,505.81 
726.49 
184  .  05 
361.67 

34,366.20 
9,703.33 
2,380.66 
1,280.39 
4,858.95 

Lead  carbonate  
Silicious  sulphide  

3,447.33 

167.25 

9,373.53 

1,928.28 

Totals  

23,844.07 

$123,079.12 

See  also  Appendix,  page  352 

THE  YAK  MINING,  MILLING  &  TUNNEL  CO. 
LEADVILLE,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1910 

Net  profit  from  mining 

$103,294 

From  other  sources 

70,380 

Total  profit 

$173,674 

Remote  exploration  work  

12,166 

Net  income  
Tonnage: 
Ore  and  waste  mined  (tons)  

$161,508 
160,000 

Average  value  ore  shipped  considerably  less  than  $4  per  ton,  and  the  cost 
of  mining  was  less  than  $2.50  per  ton. 

The  following  figures,  based  on  foregoing  and  prior  years,  are  given  as 
representative  of  the  grade  of  ore  and  cost  of  production  at  the  Yak  property : 


Value  of  ore,  gross 

Average  treatment  charge.  . 
Credit,  35  per  cent,  iron  at 

Net  treatment  charge. .  . 

Cost  per  ton : 

Mining 

Tramming 

Smelting , 


$6.00 


per  unit 


$8.00 
5.25 


. .$2.75 


$2.00 
.50 
2.75  5.25 


Profit  per  ton 

Profit  varies  usually  between  50 £  and  $1.00  per  ton. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  352 


$   .75 


COLORADO 


69 


COLORADO  GOLD  DREDGING  COMPANY 
BRECKENRIDGE,  COLORADO,  U.  S.  A. 


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70  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Remarks. — The  following  is  a  description  of  the  Colorado  Gold  Dredging 
Company's  operations  in  the  Swan  Valley,  in  the  vicinity  of  Breckenridge, 
Colorado,  one  dredge  only  being  employed. 

Season — about  eight  months,  from  April  1  to  December  1. 

Altitude — 9600  ft.  above  sea-level. 

Gravel  is  glacial,  fairly  coarse,  with  occasional  boulders,  3  or  4  ft.  in  length. 
Gravel  caves  freely. 

Boat  operates  up  stream,  consequently  carrying  a  bank  of  average  depth 
of  about  13  ft.,  average  depth  below  water  being  26  ft.  Total  gravel  about 
39ft. 

Bulk  of  gold  hi  size  is  from  fine  to  the  size  of  shot,  with  occasional  nuggets. 
Gold  occurs  mainly  just  above  and  within  a  few  feet  of  bed-rock,  in  an  old 
river  channel,  same  not  conforming  to  present  river  channel.  A  width  of 
250  ft.  across  valley  will  include  old  channel.  Constant  panning  while  the 
buckets  are  just  above  bed-rock  is  required  in  order  to  follow  the  pay  streak. 

Dredge  is  of  Bucyrus  type,  with  a  capacity  of  6000  yd.  per  day.  Main 
dimensions  as  follows : 

Hull — width  43  ft.  10  in.,  length  120  ft.  2  in.,  depth  8  ft.  10  in. 

Ladder — length  92  ft.,  designed  to  dig  38  ft.  below  water  line. 

Bucket-line — continuous,  consists  of  seventy-six  8|  ft.  capacity  buckets. 
Speed  about  17|  buckets  per  minute. 

Screen — cylindrical,  length  37  ft.  6  in.,  diameter  6  ft.  1  in.,  pitch  If  in. 
to  1  ft. 

Stacker — rubber  belt  type,  length  115  ft.,  belt  32  in.  wide.  Speed  300  ft. 
per  minute. 

Pumps — Screen  12  in.  discharge,  auxiliary  5  in.  discharge,  primer  3  in. 
discharge. 

Motors — 440  volt,  3  phase.  Main  drive  200  h.p.,  screen  drive  50  h.p., 
stacker  drive  35  h.p.,  winch  drive  20  h.p.,  pump  (12  in.  and  5  in.)  75  h.p., 
pump  (priming)  15  h.p. 

Transformers — three  100-kw.  transforming  from  13,000  to  440  volts. 

Tables — total  surface  area  of  1523  sq.  ft.     Slope  of  1|  in.  to  1  ft. 

Power  cost — $.0165  per  kw.-hour  straight  meter  reading. 

Labour — common  $3.00  for  8  hours,  winchmen  $4.00  for  8  hours,  motormen 
$3.50  for  8  hours,  oilers  $3.00  for  eight  hours. 


IDAHO 

BUNKER  HILL  &  SULLIVAN  MINING  &  CONCENTRATING  CO. 

KELLOGG,  IDAHO 


Year  Ended  June  1 


19121 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Gross  production  
Less  smelting  and  freight  
Net  value  

$5,396,915 
1,980,230 
3,416,684 

$3,307,393 
1,255,729 
2,051,664 

$3,307,825 
1,318,296 
1,989,529 

$3,199,975 
1,343,043 
1,856,932 

Operating  expenses  

1,580,814 
1,835,869 

941,350 
1,110,314 

788,978 
1,200,551 

761,374 
1,095,558 

702  520 

Mill: 

Tons  ore  milled  

697,560 
9  58% 

436,940 
9.49% 

376,200 
11.21% 

341,700 
11.40% 

Average  silver  content,  ounces  

3.72 
96  267  2 

1     3.78 

4.25 

4.19 

3,430.7 

1,350 

1,330 

3,570 

49  .  87  % 

42.08 

42.26 

44.16 

Average  silver  content,  ounces  
Mill  extraction,  per  cent  
Ratio  concentration  

16.94 
78.5 
7.26-1 
11  050 

16.39 
77.33 
6.74-1 

15.21 
77.01 
5.89-1 

17.63 
80.56 
5.05-1 

ee    mine     eve  opmen 

$7  15 

Cost  per  ton  at  mines  : 

$1.602 

$1.423 

$1.45 

$1.563 

Tramming                                              

.074 

.069 

.07 

.083 

Concentrating  

.374 
034 

.371 

.405 

.386 

073 

.086 

007 

All  other  Wardner  expenses  
Miscellaneous  expenses  

.166 
.007 

.164 

.182 

Total 

$2  250 

$2  .  036 

$2.09 

$2.214 

Average  value  mill  ore  
Average  value  shipped  ore  

$9.63 
$47.92 

$9.67 
$41.44 

$11.32 
$40.42 

$11.17 
$34  .  02 

i  Period  from  June  1,  1911,  to  Dec.  31,  1912. 

PRODUCTION  SINCE  1886  TO  DEC.  31,  1912 

Tons  ore  mined 5,585,988  Operatng    profit $17,747,666 

Gross  value $52,978,903  Dividends   paid $13,911,750 

Net  smelter  returns $31,480,913 

Remarks. — The  mine  is  located  in  an  accessible  country  with  good  railroad  connections. 
The  ore  occures  as  large  masses  in  a  quartzite  formation.  The  ore  is  galena  and  iron  pyrites 
carrying  silver  values.  The  widths  vary  from  1  ft.  to  300  ft.  The  mine  is  operated  through 
tunnels  and  shafts  to  a  maximum  depth  of  2000  ft.  The  milling  method  is  simple  concentra- 
tion and  shipment  of  concentrates  to  smelters.  This  property  is  one  of  the  large  lead  mines 
of  the  country. 

71 


72 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


FEDERAL  MINING  &  SMELTING  CO., 

WALLACE,  IDAHO,  U.  S.  A. 
Operating  the  Wardner,  Mace,  and  Morning  Mines. 


Year  Ended  Aug.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Total  value  production 

$3  553,325 

$4  911  996 

$5,338  653 

Total  expenses 

2,993,815 

4  053  731 

4,191,732 

Operating  profit  
After  adding  rents,  int.,  div.,  miscl.  invest  
Deduct  construction  and  betterments  
Deducting  general  expenses,  taxes,  etc  

$559,510 
1,126,974 
33,331 
260,1941 

$858,265 
966,941 
98,106 
71,512 

$1,145,921 
1,270,900 
141,363 
29,785 

Net  profit  to  profit  and  loss  
Mine: 
Tons  mined  wet  

$833,448 
691,487 

$797,323 
836,947 

$1,099,752 

Of  which  first  class  was  
Mill: 
Tons  milled  dry 

30,726 
637  900 

46,087 
762  550 

784,600 
32,609 

Production  : 

Lead  marketed,  pounds 

726,499 
94,086,800 

Lead  cone,  and  shipping  ore,  tons  combined.  .  .  . 
Average  silver  oz.  per  ton 

84,533 
15  9 

118,734 
20  8 

118,315 
27.93 

Average  lead  per  cent,  per  ton 

43  4 

42  9 

44.  18 

Zinc  cone,  prod.,  tons 

6  494 

2  532 

531 

Average  per  cent,  zinc 

45  9 

46  93 

46.9 

First-class  ore,  tons 

30,726 

46,087 

32,609 

Average  per  cent,  lead 

33  7 

33.7 

36.07 

Omaha  lease  prod.,  tons2 

1,869 

7,895 

Average  lead  contents 

26.6 

28.5 

Average  silver  contents 

47.7 

69.14 

Average  copper  contents 

80,042 

Profits  Omaha  lease 

$13,545 

$68,645 

Cost  per  ton  mined  (approx.)  wet  : 
Cost  of  production3  
Development  

$2.430 

$2.790 

$3  .  050 
.049 

Smelter,  freight  and  treatment 

1.870 

2.060 

2.250 

General  expense. 

.108 

.085 

.039 

New  construction  

.048 

.117 

.179 

Total  7  

$4  .  456 

$5.052 

$5.567 

Green  Hill  lease  not  included 

035 

Price  received  for  silver,  oz.,  cents  
Price  received  for  lead,  lb.,  cents  
Development,  feet  

61.0 
4.49 
16,224 

58.33 
4.38 
18,947 

58  approx. 
4.45 
17,152 

Number  men  employed 

1,088 

Cost  per  ton  shipped  : 
Lead  cone,  and  shipping  ore. 
Smelt-freight  and  treatment  
Tons  shipped  

$15.25 
84,533 

$14.51 
118,734 

$14.89 
118,315 

IDAHO  73 

Remarks. — Company  operates  the  Wardner,  Mace,  Morning  and  Green 
Hill-Cleveland  properties,  situated  near  Wardner,  Idaho.  The  mines  are 
principally  lead-silver  properties,  but  some  zinc  is  produced.  Ore  extraction 
at  the  Mace  mine  ceased  in  October,  1912,  the  ore-bodies  having  become 
exhausted.  The  Green  Hill-Cleveland  Co.,  of  which  the  Federal  owns 
one-half  interest,  leased  the  Mace  mill.  The  Mace  property  is  developed 
to  2250  ft.  in  depth.  The  Morning  property  has  reached  a  depth  of  1650  ft. 
by  shaft.  The  ore  varies  from  2  to  40  ft.  in  width  and  from  6  per  cent,  to 
12  per  cent.  lead.  The  Morning  property  formerly  was  operated  at  a  loss, 
but  now  it  is  making  a  profit.  The  ore  has  been  very  difficult  to  mill.  An 
improvement  has  been  made  through  sorting.  In  connection  with  the  mill, 
Macquisten  plant  has  been  installed  and  is  employed  on  zinc  ores.  The 
Green  Hill-Cleveland  property  is  developed  to  the  2050-ft.  level. 

In  working  the  ores,  the  elimination  of  the  waste,  both  underground  and 
at  the  sorting  plants,  has  required  more  and  more  attention  on  account  of 
conditions  at  depth  to  win  the  largest  amount  of  profit  from  the  veins.  In  the 
1911  report,  some  comparative  figures  are  given  showing  the  percentages  of 
rock  eliminated  as  waste  before  milling  of  the  total  rock  broken  in  the  stopes, 
as  compared  with  former  operations.  Below  we  give  this  comparison: 
Wardner,  35  per  cent,  as  against  22  per  cent,  formerly;  Mace,  32  per  cent., 
compared  with  18  per  cent,  formerly,  and  Morning,  18  per  cent.,  is  now 
eliminated  where  formerly  very  little  was  possible. 

In  the  1913  year  the  company  experienced  the  worst  winter  in  years. 
The  report  on  August  31,  1913,  stated  that  the  Federal  property  at  Mace 
has  reached  the  end  of  profitable  operation,  and  that  the  Wardner  properties 
are  approaching  it.  The  combined  ore  reserves  at  the  different  properties 
at  close  of  year,  compared  with  1912,  were  as  follows: 


Milling  ore 
(tons) 

Concentrates 
(tons) 

First-class  ore 
(tons) 

Sept.  1, 

1913  

1,050,300 

96,410 

54,300 

Sept.  1, 

1912  

802,870 

76,114 

47,550 

No  grade  is  given  for  different  classes  of  ore.  The  average  number  of 
men  employed  at  different  plants  in  1913  year  was  775  at  an  average  cost 
per  shift  of  $3.603.  The  concentrates  and  first-class  ore  are  shipped  to  the 
Tacoma  smelter  of  the  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co. 

1  In  addition  to  General  Expense  which  alone  is  shown  for  the  other  years  there  is  included 
$19,874  corporation  excise  tax  and  $165,422  written  off  for  Green  Hill-Cleveland  invest- 
ment/ 2  Not  incl.  in  first  class  above.  3  Includes  the  cost  of  mining,  for  wet  tons  shown 
and  the  milling  for  dry  tonnage  given. 


74 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


STEWART  MINING  COMPANY 
KELLOGG,  IDAHO,  U.  S.  A. 


6  mo.  Ended 
June  30,  1913 

6  mo.  Ended 
Dec.  31,  1912 

Yr.  Ended 
June  30,  1912 

15  mo.  Ended 
June  30,  1911 

Sales,  concentrates  
Sales,  ore  

$466,466 
74,644 

$485,164 
105,960 

$633,039 
113,999 

$523,443 
21,805 

Total 

$541,110 

$591,124 

$747,038 

$545  248 

Miscell   receipts 

1,881 

57 

Expenses       

541,110 
294,248 

591,124 
368.5011 

$748,919 
473,738 

$545,306 
381,149 

Profit  before  interest  
Interest  

$246,862 
38,7912 

$222,623 

$275,181 

$164,156 
11,597 

Profit  

$208,070 

$222,623 

$275,181 

$152,558 

Tons  mined 

89  246 

100,043 

160,510 

96,848 

Dump  ore  treated 

100,000 

Total  tons  dry  
Tons  smelted  (sold)  
Tons  milled  

Assay  value  ore  mined  : 

Silver,  ounces  

89,246 
1,963 
87,283 

657,416 
13  545  300 

100,043 
2,753 
97,290 

160,510 
3,489 
157,021 

106,848 
581 
106,267 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining  and  development.  . 
Transport  mine  to  mill.  .  .  . 

2.28 
.15 
04 

$2.15 
.15 
04 

$1.99 
.19 

$2.39 
.29 

Taxes  

.10 

.11 

.06 

.03 

Milling  expense  

.37 

.31 

.39 

.53 

Administration  and  gen'l  .  . 
Depreciation  

.31 
.05 

.31 
.04 

.30 
.02 

.31 
.01 

Total  cost 

$3.30 

$3.11 

$2.95 

$3.56 

Total  receipts  per  ton  

$6.06 

$5.91 

$4.66 

$5.10 

Profit  per  ton  after  inter- 
est, litigation  and  miscl. 

$2.33 

$2.23 

$1.71 

$1.43 

1  Includes  item  of  $58,113  tor  litigation  and  miscl.  expenses. 
8  Includes  litigation. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  353 


IDAHO 


75 


SNOWSTORM  MINING  CO. 
LARSON,  SHOSHONB  COUNTY,  IDAHO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  July  1 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production,  gross  : 
Pounds  copper  

2,029,474 
202,583 

2,653,036 
267,263 

7,125,105 
605,075 

Income  : 

$177,939  67 

$171,384.43 

$455,470.75 

Total  expenses  

162,161.08 

145,693.36 

264,210.68 

Net  profit  

Mine: 

Tons  mined  
Tons  treated 

$15,778.59 

32,282 
2  050 

$25,691.07 
34,464 

$191,260.07 
91,368 

Aver,  per  cent,  copper  per  ton.  . 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining  

3.54 

$1.585 

3.96 

$1.868 

4.07 
$1.417 

Development  
Haulage  
Smelting 
Converting                                 >  .  . 
Freight,  refining  and  selling  j 
General  expense  

.502 
.075 

7.201 

.714 

.832 
.120 

7.887 
.764 

.543 
.051 

7.797 
.455 

Total 

$10  077 

$11.471 

$10.263 

Cost  per  pound  : 
Crediting  gold  and  silver  

18.902jf 
5.811ji 

1  495 

16.585^ 
5.390>< 

3,171 

14.  406  t 
4.434ff 

5,960 

Price  received  for  copper  metal.  .  . 

14.892^ 

12.263jf 

12.954^ 

Remarks. — Accessibility — On  Northern  Pacific  R.  R.  Character  of  ore — 
Copper  sulphides  and  carbonates.  Character  of  ore-body — Impregnated  beds  in 
quartzite.  Width  of  ore-body — 30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Method  of  opening — Cross- 
cut tunnels.  Method  of  mining — Square-set.  Depth  of  mine — 1700  ft. 
Amount  water  pumped — Two  cu.  ft.  per  second — approximate.  Method  of 
ore  reduction — Gravity  concentration.  Started  in  summer  of  1912.  General 
conditions — Concentrates  are  smelted  at  various  smelters,  Trail,  Tacoma, 
Butte  and  Salt  Lake. 


MICHIGAN 

BRIEF   DESCRIPTION   OF  THE  LAKE   SUPERIOR   COPPER 

DISTRICT 

The  Lake  Superior  Copper  belt  is  situated  on  Keweenaw  Peninsula  in 
northwestern  Michigan.  The  Peninsula  which  extends  into  Lake  Superior 
for  a  distance  of  about  80  miles  is  from  15  to  20  miles  in  width  where  the 
principal  copper  properties  occur.  The  peninsula  is  intersected  at  the  towns 
of  Houghton  and  Hancock  by  Portage  Lake,  which  is  connected  both  east 
and  west  with  Lake  Superior  by  canals,  thus  affording  passage  to  large  lake 
steamers.  Most  of  the  large  mines  and  mills  and  all  of  the  smelters  are 
situated  on  this  inland  water-way.  Some  of  the  stamp-mills,  however,  are 
located  on  Lake  Superior  on  either  side  of  the  peninsula. 

The  central  portion  of  this  peninsula  is  made  up  of  a  series  of  lava  flows 
including  beds  of  conglomerate  and  sandstone.  The  entire  formation  is 
flanked  on  either  side  by  sandstone.  The  general  strike  of  the  formation 
is  parallel  to  long  axis  of  the  peninsula,  the  producing  mines  extending 
over  a  total  distance  of  approximately  40  miles.  The  beds  dip  westward 
from  30  to  72  deg.  The  lava  flows  are  composed  of  a  dark  basaltic  rock 
with  the  texture  of  diabase.  The  beds  have  an  amygdaloidal  structure,  the 
native  copper  occurring  in  the  amygdules  with  calcite  quartz  and  other 
minerals.  The  conglomerate  beds  are  worked,  but  only  one  has  been  ope- 
rated profitably,  the  Calumet  Conglomerate.  The  Tamarack  is  the  Calumet 
Conglomerate  on  the  dip. 

The  various  lodes,  both  amygdaloid  and  conglomerate  vary  from  a  few 
feet  to  25  ft.  in  width.  The  mines  are  low  grade,  the  greatest  yield  in  the 
district  being  28  to  30  pounds  per  ton.  The  lodes  show  decreasing  copper 
contents  with  depth,  particularly  where  this  exceeds  one-half  mile.  The 
mines  are  usually  developed  by  inclined  shafts,  following  the  beds  from 
the  surface,  or  in  the  footwall  and  cross-cuts  made  to  the  lode.  The  trap 
being  firmer,  this  method  insures  the  permanency  of  the  shaft.  Some 
vertical  shafts  have  been  sunk  for  the  purpose  of  developing  very  deep  por- 
tions of  the  lodes.  The  Tamarack  holds  the  distinction  of  having  the  deepest 
shaft  in  the  world,  its  No.  5  vertical  shaft  being  slightly  over  a  mile  in  depth. 
The  copper  occurs  in  the  native  state  scattered  throughout  the  amygdaloid 
or  conglomerate  beds.  It  is  usually  found  in  fine  particles,  but  in  certain 
of  the  mines  very  large  pieces  or  "mass  copper"  are  encountered.  These 
have  weighed  as  much  as  500  to  600  tons. 

76 


MICHIGAN  77 


For  the  method  of  mining  employed,  reference  should  be  made  to  the  re- 
spective properties.  In  brief,  the  system  used  at  the  Copper  Range  prop- 
erties differs  from  that  at  the  other  mines,  this  being  one  using  a  waste  filling 
as  against  the  usual  back  or  overhand  stoping  with  no  filling  or  broken  copper 
rock  as  the  case  may  be.  The  conglomerate  lodes  are  more  expensive  to 
mine  than  the  amygdaloid,  owing  to  the  weak  hanging  wall  necessitating 
heavy  timbering.  These  lodes  are  also  much  harder. 

The  copper  rock  after  mining  is  sent  to  the  different  stamp  mills  for  con- 
centration. These  mills  are  situated  at  various  points  on  the  lake  and  are 
assured  an  abundant  supply  of  water  and  tailings  area.  The  mills  usually 
employ  steam  power  generated  from  coal.  Steam  stamps  are  used  through- 
out the  district.  Some  of  these  are  operated  by  compound  engines.  The 
process  usually  employed  is  crushing  in  stamps  followed  by  jigs  and  concen- 
trating tables,  buddies,  etc. 

Recently  considerable  attention  has  been  given  to  retreating  the  tailings 
at  several  of  the  mills  by  finer  grinding  and  further  concentration.  This 
work  has  been  meeting  with  success  and  the  increased  extraction  is  resulting 
in  greater  profits  to  the  companies.  The  enormous  tonnage  of  tailings  at  the 
Calumet  &  Hecla  mills — the  accumulation  of  years — are  also  being  retreated. 

The  concentrates  from  the  mills  which  are  termed  "mineral,"  together  with 
the  mass  and  barrel  copper  sorted  out  at  the  mine,  are  sent  to  the  smelters. 
These  average  from  60  per  cent,  to  75  per  cent,  copper.  Certain  of  the  com- 
panies here  have  their  own  smelters.  A  majority,  however,  smelt  at  one  of 
the  custom  plants.  The  various  products  are  treated  in  reverberatory  fur- 
naces. Before  the  copper  is  drawn,  it  is  subjected  to  poling  following  which 
it  is  cast.  The  slag  from  the  reverb eratories  is  retreated  in  blast  furnaces. 

The  conditions  at  Lake  Superior  are  such  as  to  permit  of  low  costs. 
Steamers  plying  the  Great  Lakes  afford  cheap  transportation  to  and  from 
the  various  markets.  There  is  an  abundance  of  timber  and  water,  the  lodes 
are  uniform,  the  copper  occurs  in  the  native  state  thus  simplifying  the  method 
of  treatment,  the  stamp  mills  and  smelters  are  well  situated,  all  of  which 
make  for  cheap  operation.  The  climate  is  severe  in  winter.  Labor  under 
normal  conditions  is  good.  Severe  labor  troubles  were  experienced  in  the 
last  six  months  of  1913  and  during  this  period  the  greater  part  of  the  mines 
were  shut  down.  As  a  result  of  this  1913's  operations  are  not  representative 
of  the  mines.  « 


78 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


AHMEEK  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911  1910 


Production  :    • 

[ 

Copper,  pounds  

9,220,874 

16,455,769 

15,196,127 

11,844,954 

Income 

Gr.  vaL  incl.  silver  sales  

$1,433,695 

$2,757,576 

$1,960,513 

$1,538,003 

Total  expenditures  

1,226,275 

1,292,179 

1,083,186 

1,295,615 

Net  profit 

$207,419 

$1,465,396 

$  877,327 

$242,387 

Net  profit  after  int 

176,9192 

1,465,396 

870,273 

229,320 

Mine  and  mill  : 

Rock  broken  *  

617,204 

568,935 

Discard,  per  cent  

3.0 

6.8 

Rock  hoisted  

385,450 

666,647 

6.1  0,236 

551,965 

Discard,  per  cent  

.4 

2.2 

1.9 

3.9 

Tons  stamped  

383,749 

652,260 

598,549 

530,365 

Lb.  mineral  

13,742,140 

23,945,315 

21,917,925 

16,758,521 

Lb.  refined  copper  

9,220,874 

16,455,769 

15,196,127 

11,844,954 

Per  cent,  copper  in  mineral  

67.10 

68.72 

69.33 

70.68 

Ref  .  copper  per  ton  Ib  

24.0 

25.2 

25.4 

22.3 

Cost  per  ton,  treated  (calculated)  : 

Min.  trans,  stamp  and  tax 

$1.77 

$1.39 

$1.42 

$1.42 

Construction 

1.00 

.30 

.08 

1.76 

Smelt.,  frt..  and  comm  

.33 

.29 

.30 

.26 

. 

Total  

$3.20 

$1.98 

$1.80 

$2.44 

Cost  per  pound  cents  :  — 

At   mine  

7.38 

5.51 

5.61 

7.93 

Construction  

4.53 

1.20 

.32 

1.85 

Smelt.,  frt.,  comm  

1.39 

1.14 

1.19 

1.16 

Total  inc.  int.,  cents  

13.30 

7.85 

7.17 

11.05 

General  : 

Dev.  drifting  and  crosscutting,  feet  

9808 

11691 

9107 

Development,  sinking                     

1336 

1284 

1983 

Price  copper  sold,  cents  

15.40 

16.56 

12.85 

12.94 

Incl.  $184,725  sinking  and  equip,  shafts.     2  After  land  purchase  of  $30,500. 
See  also  Appendix,  page  353 


MICHIGAN 


79 


ALLOUEZ  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

4,091,129 

5,525,455 

4,780,494 

4,655,702 

Income  : 
Gross  value                 

$650,205 

$918,435 

$629,229 

$609,858 

Total  expenditures  

485,119 

729,824 

617,376 

521,345 

Operating  profit  

165,086 

188,852 

11,852 

88,513 

9,358 

17,346 

18,231 

17,416 

Net  profit                                    .  .    . 

$155,728 

$171,264 

$6,379 

$71,096 

Mine  and  mill  : 
Rock  broken,  tons  
Per  cent,  discard  

239,704 
1.269 

339,970 
1.868 

loss 

294,646 
2.049 

253,018 
2.33 

Tons  stamped  

236,663 

333,618 

288,610 

247,119 

6  640  000 

8  877  120 

7  532  190 

4  655  702 

Pounds  copper  per  ton  stamped  

17.29 

16.56 

16.56 

18.84 

Copper  in  mineral,  per  cent 

61  61 

62  88 

63  47 

62  86 

Cost  per  ton  treated  (calculated)  : 
Expenses  at  mine  
Smelt.,  frt.,  comm.,  eastern  office  
Construction  

$1.69 
.33 
03 

$1.61 
.31 
26 

$1.67 
.32 
15 

$1.77 
.34 

Total 

$2  05 

$2  18 

$2  14 

$2  11 

Cost  per  pound  (cents)  : 
At  mine  exc.  construction,  cents  
Construction  

9.76 
16 

9.74 
1  60 

10.07 
90 

9.39 
00 

Smelting,  frt.,  comm  
Cost  interest  pd  

1.94 
23 

1.87 
31 

1.95 
38 

1.81 
37 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents  

12  09 

13  52 

13  30 

11  57 

Price  received  for  copper,  cents  

15.627 

16.318 

12.895 

12.7 

See  also  Appendix,  page  354 


80 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


BALTIC  MINING  COMPANY 

HOUGHTON,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

Pounds  copper. 

7  736  124 

13  373  961 

15  370  449 

17  549  762 

Income  : 
Gross  receipts  

$1,152,026 

$2,165,350 

$1,927,036 

$2,235,273 

Expense  at  mine  

792,170 

1,278,764 

1,194,089 

1,231,923 

Smelting,  freighting,  marketing  and  selling 

80,745 

127,915 

139,464 

159,472 

Total  expense  

$872,915 

$1,406,679 

$1,333,553 

$1,391,394 

Taxes  and  interest  

48,900 

61,276 

63,268 

75,939 

Net  profit  

$230,211 

$697,393 

$530,215 

$767  939 

Mine: 

Tons  hoisted  

364,466 

705,281 

760,473 

823,352 

Tons  stamped  

333,289 

652,433 

696,795 

781,419 

Per  cent,  hoisted  waste  
Mill: 
Mineral  produced,  pounds  

8.5 
13,282,825 

7.49 
22,444,810 

8.37 
25,254,160 

5.09 
28,067,300 

Yield  rock,  pounds 

23  21 

20  50 

22  06 

22  46 

Per  cent,  rock 

1   16 

1  025 

1   103 

1   123 

Price  copper,  cents 

14  89 

16  16 

12  54 

12  74 

Cost  per  ton  stamped,  (calculated)* 
Mining  .  .             

$1.64 

$1.422 

$1   28 

$1   165 

Milling  
Transportation  .    •        

.27 

.14 

.214 
.136 

.187 
.143 

.205 
.141 

General  mine  

.35 

.204 

.117 

.077 

Less  rents  

.02 

.013 

.013 

.0112 

Total  working  expense  

$2.38 

$1.96 

$1.714 

$1  .  576 

Total  working  exp.  inc.  taxes  

2.53 
24 

2.05 
196 

1.80 
20 

1.668 
204 

Total  
Cost    min.,    trans,    and     stamp    per    ton 
treated  

$2.77 
$2.377 

$2  .  246 

$1.82 

$2.00 
$1.65 

$1  .  872 
$1.54 

Cost  min.,  etc.,  incl.  tax.  and  extra  expense 
Cost  per  pound  : 

$2.522 
$  087 

$2.05 
$  0889 

$1.80 
$  0746 

$1.67 
$  0686 

Construction  

.015 

.0068 

.0031 

.0015 

Taxes 

007 

0050 

.0042 

0041 

Smelt.,  frt.,  ref.,  etc  

.010 

.0087 

.0090 

.0090 

Total 

$  1191 

$  1094 

$  0909 

$  0832 

Development: 

Total  shaft  sinking,  feet 

248 

464 

609 

780 

Total  drifting,  feet       .                

6,441 

10,547 

9,923 

11,218 

Total  crosscutting,  feet.  

629 

679 

589 

465 

See  also  Appendix,  page  354 


MICHIGAN 


81 


CALUMET  &  HECLA  MINING  CO. 
CALUMET,  MICH.,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912  1911  1910 


1909 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds  

67,856,429 

74,130,977 

72,059,545 

80,096,995 

72,861,925 

72,672,469 

74,593,553 

Tons  stamped  

2,806,610 

2,909,972 

2,795,514 

2,842,880 

Copper  per  ton  rock,  pounds  

24.18 

25.47 

25.77 

28.18 

Price  received  for  copper,  cents.  .  .  . 

16.65 

12.82 

13.20 

13.61 

Costs  : 

Mine  cost  (excl.  const,  per  ton)  .... 

$1.91 

$1.84 

$1.92 

$1.93 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents  

9.86 

8.52 

8.96 

8.28 

CONGLOMERATE  LODE 


Production  : 
Copper,  pounds  

51,935,245 

58,469,399 

58,739,509 

66,285,684 

Tons  stamped 

1  746  960 

1  924  480 

1  950  040 

1  999  880 

Pounds  copper  per  ton 

29  73 

30  38 

30  12 

33  14 

Costs  : 
Mine  cost  per  ton  (ex.  const.)  

$2.23 

$2.07 

&2.13 

$2.11 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents 

8  87 

8  25 

8  55 

7  77 

Development  : 

Shaft  sinking,  feet  
Drifting  and  cross-cutting  

523 

10,662 

546 

8,814 

464 
9,840 

556 
8,918 

Deepest  shaft,  feet  

7,995 

7,995 

OSCEOLA  LODE 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds       .  . 

15  692  199 

15  661  578 

13  150  427 

13  752  276 

Tons  stamped  

1  040  600 

985  492 

831  194 

838  200 

Pounds  copper  per  ton  

15.08 

15.89 

15.82 

16.40 

Costs: 

Mine  cost  per  ton  (ex.  const.)  

$1.36 

$1.34 

$1.41 

$1.42 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents  

10.36 

9.95 

10.53 

10.41 

Development  : 

Shaft  sinking,  feet 

451 

837 

506 

2  567 

Drifting  and  cross-cutting       .    . 

18  000 

19  000 

17  700 

22  000 

Deepest  shaft,  feet  

3,232 

3,232 

82 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


KEARSARGE  LODE 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds  

228,985 

o 

169  609 

59  035 

Tons  rock  stamped  
Shaft  sinking,  feet  
Drifting  and  cross-cutting  

19,050 
20 
2,120 

0 
194 

1,814 

14,280 
169 
1  243 

4,800 
382 
1  810 

Deepest  shaft,  feet  

2,291 

2,271 

STAMP  MILLS 
Recrushing  Plant  Treating  Coarse  Conglomerate  Tailings 


Pounds  copper  

2,155  292 

2  152  110 

1  951  378 

1  251  300 

Tons  coarse  tailings  crushed  

481,320 

477,794 

441,920 

278,175 

Pounds  copper  per  ton  treated  

12.86 

12.66 

12.60 

12.96 

Pounds  saved  per  ton  

4.48 

4.50 

4.42 

4.50 

Costs  : 

Per  pound  exclusive  of  sm'elting  and 

4.99 

5.01 

5.08 

4.81 

selling,  cents. 

For  more  recent  operations,  see  Appendix,  page  399. 

Remarks. — The  Calumet  &  Hecla  has  been  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
important  producers  of  copper  in  the  world.  It  long  held  the  distinction  of 
being  the  world's  greatest  producer.  Its  dividend  record  to  December 
31,  1912,  was  $120,050,000. 

The  Calumet  &  Hecla  mine  is  opened  on  the  Calumet  conglomerate, 
Osceola  Amygdaloid  and  Kearsarge  Amygdaloid,  all  parallel  beds.  The 
conglomerate  lode  has  a  dip  of  38  deg.,  averages  about  15  ft.  in  width.  The 
bed  is  worked  by  means  of  four  mines,  the  Calumet,  Red  Jacket,  Hecla, 
and  South  Hecla.  The  total  distance  on  the  lode  occupied  by  these  proper- 
ties is  about  2  miles.  The  mines  are  opened  by  eleven  inclined  shafts  and 
by  the  Red  Jacket  vertical  shaft  which  intersects  the  lode  at  great  depth. 
This  shaft  is  approximately  5000  ft.  deep.  The  conglomerate  lode  has  a 
weak  hanging  wall  and  owing  to  this  and  the  great  pressure  which  exists 
in  the  deep  workings,  an  enormous  quantity  of  timber  is  required.  Iron 
pillars  and  rails  are  also  used.  The  copper  rock  of  the  conglomerate  lode  is 
harder  to  drill  than  the  amygdaloid  lodes  and  also  tougher  and  more 
difficult  to  crush.  The  conglomerate  bed  is  richer  than  the  amygdaloid 
lodes.  It  has,  however,  shown  a  marked  falling  off  in  copper  contents 
with  depth.  In  1900  the  yield  from  this  lode  averaged  nearly  60  Ib.  per 
ton.  (See  accompanying  table  of  ten  years,  operations  at  Calumet  & 
Hecla.) 

The  Osceola  Amygdaloid  bed  parallels  the  main  conglomerate  lode 
several  hundred  feet  southeast.  The  property  is  developed  by  six  shafts, 
the  maximum  depth  being  approximately  3232  ft.  The  lode  which  dips 


MICHIGAN  83 

about  40  deg.  is  wide  averaging  from  30  to  40  ft.  The  best  rock,  however, 
is  adjacent  to  the  walls  of  the  lode. 

The  Kearsarge  Lode  (amygdaloid)  parallels  the  other  two  beds  mentioned 
above,  and  lies  3000  ft.  to  the  southeast  of  Calumet  conglomerate.  This 
property  is  one  of  the  newer  mines  of  the  C.  &  H.  Company  to  be  developed. 
The  property  is  opened  by  three  shafts  and  to  a  maximum  depth  of  2291  ft. 
The  mining  method  employed  on  the  three  lodes  is  the  usual  backstoping 
used  in  the  Lake  District. 

The  Calumet  &  Hecla  mills  are  located  on  Lake  Linden,  4  or  5  miles  from 
the  mine.  The  mills  which  are  divided  into  two  sections,  contain  a  total 
of  28  steam  stamps  having  an  average  crushing  capacity  of  350  tons  for  con- 
glomerate and  500  for  amygdaloid.  The  plant  is  equipped  with  a  regrinding 
mill.  In  addition  to  the  revenue  derived  from  the  treatment  of  tailings  from 
present  operations,  there  is  an  enormous  profit  to  be  won  from  the  old  tailings 
area  at  the  mills,  estimated  at  many  millions  of  tons.  The  recoveries  and 
cost  per  pound  now  being  made  on  the  recrushing  and  treatment  of  the 
coarse  conglomerate  tails  are  shown  in  the  accompanying  cost  data  sheets. 
The  Calumet  &  Hecla  Company  owns  and  operates  the  railroad  connecting 
the  mines  with  the  reduction  works.  Electric  power  is  used  at  the  mines, 
mills  and  smelters. 

The  smelter  is  located  at  Torch  Lake  near  the  mills.  The  plant  has 
several  reverberatory  furnaces.  The  Company  also  owns  and  operates  the 
Buffalo  Smelting  works,  situated  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Connected  with  this 
plant  is  an  electrolytic  refinery. 

In  addition  to  the  Calumet  and  Hecla  properties  of  the  company,  it  owns 
the  following  shares  of  various  other  companies  in  the  Lake  district.  These 
different  properties  being  also  operated  by  the  Calumet  &  Hecla  Company. 

24,200  shares  Ahmeek  Mining  Company 50,000  shares  issued 

41,000  shares  Allouez  Mining  Company 100,000  shares  issued 

41,500  shares  Centennial  Copper  Mining  Company 90,000  shares  issued 

19,400  shares  Cliff  Mining  Company 60,000  shares  issued 

50,100  shares  Gratiot  Mining  Company 100,000  shares  issued 

30,500  shares  Isle  Royale  Copper  Company 150,000  shares  issued 

152,977  shares  La  Salle  Copper  Company 302,977  shares  issued 

37,550  shares  Laurium  Mining  Company 40,000  shares  issued 

32,750  shares  Osceola  Consolidated  Mining  Company 96,150  shares  issued 

11,207  shares  Seneca  Mining  Company 20,000  shares  issued 

50,100  shares  Superior  Copper  Company 100,000  shares  issued 

...    19,400  shares  Tamarack  Mining  Company 60,000  shares  issued 

43,202  shares  White  Pine  Copper  Company,  common 85,320  shares  issued 

6,092  shares  White  Pine  Copper  Company,  preferred.  .  .  .  6,092  shares  issued 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


84 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


COMPARISON  OF  CALUMET  &  HECLA'S  CONDI- 

Exact  accuracy  in  detail  is  not  claimed  for  the  following  table,  except  in 
proximations  and   are  given  only  to  show  comparative  conditions.     The 


1910  1909 


1908 


1907 


Production  : 

Tons  rock  daily  

9,175 

8,670 

8,025 

8,325 

Tons  rock  monthly  

238,500 

224,900 

208,200 

216,350 

Tons  yearly,  congl  

2,026,680 

1,952,541 

1,894,176 

2,237,118 

Tons  yearly,  amyg 

834,420 

747,378 

603,891 

362,765 

Lb.  in  ton,  congl 

32  25 

35.03 

39.68 

41  90 

Lb.  in  ton,  amyg 

15  85 

17.06 

18.45 

19.00 

Lb.  copper  monthly 

6,009,045 

6,901,350 

6,581,700 

7,824,900 

Lb.  copper  per  share 

721 

828 

789 

938 

Total  Ib.  copper  

Income  : 

Avg.  per  Ib.,  copper,  cents  
Total  income  

72,108,577 

13.33 
$  9,614,213 

83,816,230 

13.59 
$11,201,591 

78,980,466 

17.18 
$13,563,428 

93,898,963 

22.15 
$20,791,546 

Expenditures  : 
Lb.  cop.  mine  and  mill,  cents  
Lb.  cop.  sm'l.  and  east,  cents  
Lb.  cop.  con.  and  expansion  
Total  per  Ib   copper 

6.55 
1.10 
.35 
8  00 

7.33 
1.10 
.12 
8.55 

7.65 
1.10 
5.04 
13.79 

7.05 
1.10 
9.82 
17.99 

Total  expenditures 

$  5,768,683 

$  7,080,787 

$10,891,406 

$16,892,423 

Profit: 
Profit  

$  3,845,530 

$  4,120,804 

$  2,672,022 

$  3,899,123 

As'ts  bro't  for'd  

6,821,768 

4,700,964 

7,028,942 

10,629,819 

Total  quick  assets  
Dividends  
Balance  quick  assets  
Dividends  per  share  

10,667,298 
3,000,000 
7,667,298 
$30.00 

8,821,768 
2,000,000 
6,821,768 
$20.00 

9,700,964 
5,000,000 
4,700,964 
$50  .  00 

14,528,942 
7,500,000 
7,028,942 
$75.00 

Profit  per  share  

$38.44 

$41.20 

$26.72 

$38.99 

Profit  per  Ib   copper   cents 

5.33 

5.04 

3.39 

4.16 

Profit  per  ton  rock  

$1.34 

$1.52 

$1.07 

$1.33 

MICHIGAN 


85 


TIONS,  COVERING  AN  11-YEAR  PERIOD1 

such  items  as  appear  in  the  annual  reports.     All  other  items  are  ap- 
limitation  of  official  figures  prevents  an  accurate  analysis. 


1906  1905 


1904 


1903 


1902 


1901 


1900 


7,475 
194,300 
2,021,544 
312,000 

5,445 
144,500 
1,622,465 
74,235 

4,740 
123,160 
1,478,000 

4,720 
122,500 
1,470,000 

4,880 
126,910 
1,523,000 

4,160 
107,910 
1,295,000 

4,690 
122,050 
1,464,697 

46.96 
19.51 

51.77 
22.00 

51.95 

52.20 

52.44 

56.25 

59.93 

8,420,000 

7,112,000 

6,384,160 

6,386,000 

6,663,700 

6,054,450 

8,218,700 

1,010 

856 

766 

766 

799 

726 

986 

101,031,799 

85,644,401 

76,610,145 

76,632,912 

79,964,066 

72,653,332 

98,624,789 

17.24 

14.09 

13.38 

12.65 

16.19 

16.83 

17.55 

$18,376,643 

$12,058,298 

$10,246,758 

$9,677,168 

$12,139,626 

$12,232,035 

$17,310,568 

7.64 

6.62 

6.59 

4.65 

5.42 

8.38 

6.22 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.05 

.45 

.43 

.40 

.89 

1.29 

2.26 

9.79 

8.17 

.          8.12 

6.15 

8.41 

10.77 

9.58 

$  9,891,013 

$6,997,147 

$6,220,743 

$4,712,924 

$6,714,977 

$7,824,763 

$9,448,254 

$8,485,630 

$5,061,151 

$4,026,015 

$4,964,244 

$5,424,649 

$4,407,272 

$7,862,314 

7,144,189 

6,583,038 

6,557,023 

3,592,779 

2,168,130 

4,260,858 

4,398,544 

15,629,819 

11,644,189 

10,583,038 

8,557,023 

7,592,779 

8,668,130 

12,260,858 

5,000,000 

4,500,000 

4,000,000 

2,000,000 

4,000,000 

6,500,000 

8,000,000 

10,629,819 

7,144,189 

6,583,038 

6,557,023 

3,592,779 

2,168,130 

4,260,858 

$50.00 

$45.00 

$40.00 

$20.00 

$40.00 

$65.00 

$80.00 

$84.85 

$50.61 

$40.26 

$49.64 

$54  .  24 

$44.07 

$78.62 

7.45 

5.92 

5.26 

6.48 

6.78 

6.06 

7.97 

$3.64 

$2.99 

$2.73 

$3.38 

$3.56 

$3.41 

$5.27 

1  Published  with  permission  of  Gay  &  Sturgis,  Boston,  Mass. 


86 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CENTENNIAL  COPPER  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912  1911 


1910  1909 


Production  : 
Copper  Ib 

1  612  262 

1  742  338 

1  493  834 

2  572  566 

2  583  793 

Income  : 

Gross  value 

$247  120 

$285  075 

$195  557 

$206  951 

$345  653 

Total  expend            .    . 

215  722 

234  562 

183  145 

222  281 

399  343 

Net  profit  

$31  397 

$50  511i 

$12  412 

$15  330 

$53  690 

Mine  and  mill: 
Rock  broken,  tons  
Discard,  per  cent  

90,883 
5  986 

107,638 
01041 

86,729 
00214 

loss 

106,095 
3  734 

loss 

199,918 
1  7 

Tons  stamped  

85443 

106  517 

86  543 

102  133 

196  525 

Lb.  mineral  

2  324  040 

2  567  385 

2  321  200 

2  380  820 

3  941  820 

Per  cent,  copper  in  mineral  . 
Lb.  refined  per  ton  stamped. 

Cost  per  ton  treated  (calcu- 
lated) : 

69.37 
18.87 

$2  179 

67.86 
16.36 

$1  92 

64.36 
17.26 

$1  869 

66.05 
15.40 

$1  947 

65.55 
13.15 

$1  818 

Smelt.,  frt.,  market,  etc  
Constr.  and  equipment  

.26 

.21 

.24 

.23 

.20 
01 

Total  not  incl.  interest.  .  . 

Cost  per  pound,  cents  : 
At  mine  excl.  construction. 
Construction 

$2.439 

11.55 
00 

$2.13 

11.74 
00 

$2.109 

10.83 
00 

$2.177 

12.65 

00 

$2.028 

13.82 
08 

Smelt.,  frt.,  and  comm  
Cost  per  Ib.,  int 

1.37 

46 

1.32 
40 

1.43 
43 

1.49 
34 

1.56 

15 

Total,  cents.  .  . 

13  38 

13  46 

12  69 

14  48 

15  61 

General  : 
Price  rec'd  for  copper,  cents 
Development: 
Sinking,  ft  

15.301 

16.36 
203 

12.92 

o 

13.0 
13 

13.277 

589 

Openings,  ft  

14.61 

2,607 

2,639 

2,852 

3,516 

i  After  $7039  interest. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  355 


MICHIGAN 


87 


CHAMPION  COPPER  COMPANY 
HOUGHTON,  MICH.,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913  1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Pounds,  copper  
Income  : 
Gross  receipts.  .        .    .          

12,080,594 
$1,802,530 

17,225,508 
$2,785,411 

15,639,426 

$1  962  729 

19,224,174 
$2  450  366 

Expenses  at  mines  
Smelting,  frt.,  mkt.,  and  sell.  ...... 

1,047,524 
121,548 

1,304,043 
167,549 

1,280,156 
138,881 

1,269,249 
168,638 

Total 

$1  169  072 

$1  471  592 

$1  419  037 

$1  437  887 

Taxes  and  interest  

128,691 

62,199 

89,103 

73,273 

Net  profit  
Mine  and  mill: 
Tons  hoisted  
Tons  stamped  
Per  cent,  waste  hoisted  
Mineral  produced,  pounds  
Yield  rock  pounds  
Per  cent,  rock  

$504,767 

437,797 
421,849 
3.6 
19,251,470 
28.64 
1  432 

$1,251,619 

804,994 
765,306 
4.9 
28,460,500 
22.510 
1  1254 

$454,588 

787,416 
734,392 
6.7 
26,137,007 
21.296 
1  0648 

$939,205 

778,702 
722,051 
7.2 
30,508,690 
26.62 
1  331 

Price  received,  copper,  cents  
Cost  per  ton  stamped  (calculated)  :.  .  . 
Mining  
Milling  
Transportation  
General  expenses  

14.89 

$1.62 
.28 
.14 
.47 

16.16 

$1.244 
.202 
.137 
.141 

12.54 

$1.28 
.23 
.137 
.115 

12.74 

$1.35 
.215 
.138 
.071 

Less  rents  received  

.03 

.019 

.020 

.019 

Total  working  cost  
Smelt.,  frt.,  mkt.  and  general  

$2.48 
.29 

$1.704 
.22 

$1.743 
.19 

$1.758 
.234 

Total  
Taxes  

$2.77 
.30 

1.924 
.081 

1.933 
.121 

1.992 
.101 

Total,  including  taxes 

$3  07 

$2  005 

$2  054 

«o   f)Q3 

Cost  of  min.,   trans.,   and  stamp  per 
ton  treated   

$1  62 

$1  68 

SI    74 

Cost  min.,  etc.,  per  ton  incl.  tax  and 
ext.    exp  

$1  79 

$1  86 

$1   86 

Cost  per  pound  (cents)  : 
Mining  expense  
Construction  
Taxes. 

7.01 
1.65 
1  05 

7.22 
.35 
39 

7.87 
.32 

CO 

6.53 
.07 

00 

Smelting,  freighting  and  selling  

1.00 

.92 

.86 

.87 

Total  

10  71 

8  88 

9  63 

7   R% 

Development  : 
Total  shaft  sinking,  ft  
Total  drifting,  ft  
Total  cross-cutting,  ft  

263 

4778 
83 

429 
9,343 
1,209 

686 
9,746 
1,334 

912 
12,262 
1,145 

See  also  Appendix,  page  356 


88 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


COPPER  RANGE  CONSOLIDATED  CO. 

HOUGHTON,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 
Company  owns  one-half  Champion,  all  of  Baltic  and  all  of  Trimountain. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  and  profit  : 
Copper  production,  pounds  
Total  profit  Baltic  
Total  profit  Champion  
Total  profit  Trimountain  

18,767,359 
$230,212 
252,383 
113,363 

28,967,428 
$697,394 
625,809 
308,472 

29,310,579 
$530,215 
227,294 
60,370 

32,856,692 
$767,939 
469,602 
32,250 

Grand  total  profit  
Mines: 
Production  Baltic  copper,  pounds  

$595,958 
7,736,124 

$1,631,676 
13,373,961 

$817,879 
15  370,449 

$1,269,791 
17  549  762 

Production  Champion  copper,  pounds.  . 
Production  Trimountain  copper,  pounds 
Average  yield  all  mines  copper  

6,040,297 
4,990,938 
25.24 

8,612,754 
6,980,713 
21.07 

7,819,713 
6,120,417 
20  87 

9,612,062 
5,694,868 
23  32 

Cost  per  pound,  cents  

11.71 

10.51 

9.74 

8.78 

CONSOLIDATED  STATEMENT  OF  COPPER  RANGE  (ALL  THREE  COMPANIES) 


1913 


1912 


1911  1910 


Production  and  profit  : 
Production  copper,  pounds  

24,852,026 
$3,707,091 
2,652,580 
201,233 

37,584,647 
$6,071,095 
3,648,730 
164,157 

37,130,292 
$4,655,647 
3,447,099 
163,373 

42,468,754 
$5,413,845 
3,490,741 
179,209 

Income 

Min  exp  ,  smelt.,  frt.,  mkt 

Taxes  

$853,278 
17,046 

$2,258,207 
103,775 

$1,045,174 
53,531 

$1,743,894 
75,176 

Net  from  C.R.R.R  

Total  income  

$836,232 
345,699 

$2,361,982 
709,801 

$1,098,705 
294,145 

$1,819,062 
518,204 

General  expense  and  ^  Champion  
Net  income  

$490,533 

984,287 
25.24 
14.89 

$1,692,5661 

1,784,402 
21.07 
16.16 

$804,561 

1,779,072 
20.87 
12.54 

$1,300,857 

1,820,769 
23.32 
12.74 

Mine: 
Tons  stamped  

Yield,  pounds  

Price  copper,  cents  

1  After  profit  $40,385  from  Atlantic  Mining  Co. 

Remarks. — The  Copper  Range  Consolidated  Company  owns  the  stock  of 
the  Baltic  Mining  Co.,  all  the  stock  of  the  Trimountain  Mining  Co.,  and 
one-half  the  stock  of  the  Champion  Copper  Company.  The  company  also 
owns  and  operates  the  Copper  Range  R.R.  During  the  year  1912  the  Atlan- 
tic Mining  Co.  was  acquired  and  earned  $40,385  mostly  from  operations  of 
its  stamp  mill.  The  Champion,  Baltic  and  Trimountain  mines  all  operate 
on  the  Baltic  lode.  These  are  contiguous.  For  detailed  costs  see  data  on 
the  separate  companies. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


MICHIGAN 


89 


THE  ISLE  ROYALE  COPPER  CO.  OF  N.  J. 
HOUGHTON,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.   31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

Copper  . 

4,158,548 

8,186  957 

7,490  120 

7  567  399 

Income  : 
Gr.  val.  cop  

$635,068 

$1,357,510 

$949,029 

$957  017 

Gr.  val.  sil  

14,878 

$38,126 

$20,336 

$23  216 

Total 

$649  946 

$1  395  636 

$969  365 

$980  233 

Total  expenditures  

$778,259 

965,591 

790,825 

869,868 

Oper.  profit  

($128,313) 

$430  045 

$178  540 

$110  364 

Mine  and  mill: 
Rock  broken,  tons  

(loss) 

564  410 

610  080 

Rock  discarded,  per  cent  

19 

14  6 

Rock  hoisted,  tons 

371  774 

622  485 

562  890 

608  230 

Per  cent,  discarded 

15  4 

14  7 

18  7 

14  3 

Rock  stamped,  tons  
Lbs.  mineral  production  
Per  cent.  ref.  copper  in  mineral. 
Lbs.  refined  copper  per  ton,  per 
cent. 
Price  rec'd  for  cop.,  cents  
Cost  per  pound  : 
At  mine  

314,679 
5,887,000 
70.64 
13.2 

15.27 
16  07 

531,105 
11,461,410 
71.43 
15.4 

16.6 
10  01 

457,440 
10,339,171 
72.44 
16.4 

12.67 
8  97 

520,860 
10,433,060 
72.53 
14.5 

12.65 
9  75 

Construction,  

73 

20 

25 

16 

Exploratory  &  equip,  shaft  "A" 
Unwatering  old  workings  

.28 
.10 

.20 
.08 

.07 
06 

.33 

Smelt.,  freight,  commission,  etc. 
Interest  paid  

1.53 
.10 

1.31 
09 

1.21 
29 

1.26 
34 

Total  cost,  cents  
Cost  per  ton  stamped  (calculated)  : 
Tot.    min.    trans.,   stamp  and 
taxes. 
Smelt.,     frt.,    comm.,    eastern 
office. 
Construction 

18.81 
$2.12 
.203 
13 

11.89 
$1.54 
.20 
03 

10.85 
$1.47 
.20 
04 

11.84 
$1.42 
.18 
no 

Exploration  and  equipment...  . 

.0131 

.01 

.02 

.05 

Total  

$2  47 

$1  78 

$1  73 

$1  67 

General  : 

Shaft  sinking,  feet 

941 

on  7 

Driftg.  and  cross-cutting 

19  106 

1  *)  3fifi 

•I  C   Q1Q 

Depth,  feet  

3,162 

3,162 

1  Includes  unwatering  Huron  Mine. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  356 


90 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


LAKE  COPPER  COMPANY 
LAKE  MINE,  ONTONAGON  COUNTY,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Apr.  30 


1913 


Production : 

Copper,  refined,  pounds 1,300,562 

Income : 

Gross  value  production $219,442 

Total  receipts $224,156 

Expenses 236,588 

Operating  loss ., $12,432 

County  taxes 18,439 

$30,871 

New  construction 21,570 

Total  excess  expenses  over  receipts $52,441 

Mine  and  mill: 

Tons  rock  stamped,  tons 83,109 

Mineral  produced,  pounds 1,982,080 

Mass  produced,  pounds 171,048 

Total  mineral  and  mass,  pounds • 2,153,128 

Pounds  mineral,  per  ton,  rock  stamped 25 . 907 

Copper,  per  ton,  stamped,  per  cent 60.382 

Pounds  copper,  per  ton,  stamped 15.64 

Average  price  per  pound 16 . 87  £ 

Cost  per  ton  (calculated) : 

Mining $2 . 52 

Smelting,  freight,  marketing  and  general .32 

Taxes .22 

Total $3.06 

Cost  per  pound: 

Not  including  construction 19 .  5ji 

Development,  feet 5439 


See  also  Appendix,  page  356 


MICHIGAN 


91 


MOHAWK  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds  
Income  : 
Gross  recpts  ;  
Exp.  at  mines  
Smelt.,  ref.,  mkt.  and  all  exp.  . 

5,778,235 

$887,618 
601,890 
67,263 

11,995,598 

$1,929,428 
1,159,851 
104,326 

12,091,056 

$1,527,107 
1,128,333 
97,989 

11,412,066 

1,493,817 
1,149,883 
101,482 

Total  expenses  
Construction  

$669,154 
94,6251 

$1,264,177 
8,815 

$1,226,322 
31,279 

$1,251,365 
54,368 

Net  profit  
Mine  and  mill  : 
Tons  hoisted  
Tons  discarded  

$123,839 

395,100 
28,642 

$656,435 

868,641 
80,700 

$269,506 

902,859 
100,311 

$188,083 

906,243 
103,886 

366,458 

787,941 

802,548 

802,537 

8,018,000 

15,901,500 

15,760,700 

15,013,500 

Per  cent.  cop.  in  mineral  

72.06 
15.76 

75.44     . 
15.22 

76.71 
15.07 

76.01 
14.22 

Per  cent,  rock  discard  
Price  rec'd.  for  copper  
Cost  per  ton  (calculated):* 
Mining  
Transportation  

7.2 
15.36ff 

$1.01 
.12 

9.29 
16.08^ 

$.959 
.121 

11.11 
12.63ff 

$.92 
.121 

11.46 
13.09^ 

$.945 
.119 

Rock  house 

.08 

.086 

.075 

.08 

Milling 

.29 

.222 

.219 

.204 

General  

.13 

.082 

.074 

.083 

Total  per  ton  stamped  
Total  per  ton  hoisted  
Total  stamp    incl.  smelt 

$1.64 
$1.53 

$1.47 
$1.34 
$1.60 

$1.406 
$1.294 

$1.53 

$1.433 
$1.267 

$1.56 

Cost  per  pound: 

At  mine                                    .  .  . 

10.42 

9.67^ 

9.33f< 

10.076f5 

Smelting,  etc  
Construction  

1.16 
1.641 

.87 
.07 

.81 
.259 

.889 
.476 

Total  
Miscellaneous  :. 
Development,  feet  
Stoping  fathoms 

13.22^ 
5,736 

lo.eijf 

15,402 

48,887 

10.399jS 

•   15,458 
49,249 

11.441^ 

14,978 
52,401 

Yield  cop.  per  ton  hoisted,  Ib.  . 

14.62 

13.81 

13.39 

12.59 

*  Does  not  incl.  construction  smelting  or  freight.        1  Of  this  $27,653  was  strike  expense. 

Remarks. — The  main  development  is  confined  to  the  Kearsarge  Lode.  The  property  is 
opened  by  six  shafts  all  inclined  following  the  lode  from  the  surface.  The  vein  varies  from 
15  to  18  ft.  in  width  and  dips  about  42  deg.  The  deepest  shaft  is  approx.  2200  ft.  All  shafts 
are  connected  by  drifts.  The  method  of  mining  is  overhead  stoping.  The  copper  occurs  in 
the  native  state  in  the  amygdaloid.  Rock  is  treated  at  the  Mohawk  mill,  composed  of  four 
heads — 800  tons.  The  mills  located  at  Gay  Michigan,  9  miles  from  the  mine.  Concentrates 
are  treated  at  the  Michigan  Smelting  Co.,  25  miles  from  the  mill.  Mine,  mill  and  smelter  are 
connected  by  rail. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


92 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  MASS  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 
MASS,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 

Copper,  pounds 

2,045,006 

1,326,898 

Income  : 

Total  income                                                            .    .  . 

$349,354 

$169,590 

Expenses             .                                               

$335,673 

253,503 

Balance  working  profit  

$13,681 

$83,913i 

Mine  and  mill: 

180,613 

99  362 

Rock  stamped  tons 

132,891 

73,475 

Mineral  produced   pounds                                           .  . 

2  985,335 

1,949,720 

Refined  copper  produced   pounds     .                         .  . 

2,045,006 

1,326,898 

Percentage  of  mineral  in  rock                                .... 

1.123 

1.292 

Percentage  of  copper  in  mineral                            .... 

68.502 

68.055 

Pounds  refined  copper  per  ton,  rock  stamped  

Cost  per  ton  stamped  (calculated)  : 
Mining  and  developing  

15.39 

$1.35 
30 

17.58 

$1.852 
41 

35 

.47 

.175 

.18 

.028 

.15 

Insurance 

.028 

.04 

Taxes 

.06 

.08 

Smelting,  brokerage   freight  on  copper                    .  . 

.145 

.16 

Interest                                                                         .    . 

.04 

General  eastern  expense                                           .... 

.084 

.05 

Total  approximate  working  cost  

$2.520 
16  35 

$3.43 
19.5 

$21,100  "1 

Expended  on  mill  construction 

$10,647  / 

$25,551 

(These  are  not  included  in  above  costs.) 
Development,  feet                                                    

4,892 

7,166 

Price  received,  copper,  cents  

17.0205 

12.76 

i  Working  loss  includes   remodelling   shafts   and  rock   house,    also  heavy   underground 
development.     2  Mining  cost  alone  was  $1.18. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  357 


MICHIGAN 


93 


OSCEOLA  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Copper,  pounds  

11,325.010 

18,413,387 

18,388,193 

19,346,566 

Income  : 
Gross  value 

$1,774.810 

$3,071,818 

$2,371,373 

$2,514,583 

Total  expenditures   . 

1,392.843 

$1,908,530 

$1,706,745 

$1,813,279 

57,281 

Net  profit  

Mine  and  mill: 
Rock  broken 

$381,967 
752,428  (i) 

$1,163,288 
1,271,408(1) 

$664,628 
1,276,790 

$758,586 
1,262,168 

Per  cent,  discarded 

2.310  (i) 

1.955(0 

2.365 

3.522 

Tons  stamped       .    . 

735,044 

1,246,557 

1,246,596 

1,217,720 

Lib.  mineral  

14,945,645 

24,282,312 

24,452,912 

25,669,913 

Lb.  copper  in  mineral  
Per  cent,  copper  in  mineral.  .  .  . 
Lb.  per  ton  stamped  

11,325,010 
75.775 
15.4 

18,413,387 
75.83 
14.8 

18,388,193 
75.198 
14.8 

19,346,566 
75.367 
15.9 

Cost  per  pound  : 
At  mine,  excluding  const  
Construction. 

10.39 

.77 

8.34 
0.95 

7.73 
0.49 

8.04 
.35 

Smelting,  freight,  com 

1.14 

1.07 

1.06 

.98 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents.  . 

Cost  per  ton  treated  (calculated)  : 
Ming.,  trans.,  stamp  and  taxes. 
Construction.  .  . 

12.30 

$1.60 
12 

10.36 

$1.23 
.14 

9.28 

$1.14 
.073 

9.37 

$1.28 
.055 

Smelting,  frt.,  com.  and  eastern 

.18 

.16 

.157 

.156 

Total 

$1  90 

$1  53 

$1  37 

$1  491 

Price  copper  sold,  cents  

15.48 

16.52 

12.79 

13.00 

For  1912  and  1913  the  figures  are  for  rock  hoisted. 


94 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OSCEOLA  BRANCH 


1913 


1912 


Rock  treated,  tons  

177,908 

115,564 

Cost  per  ton 

$1  97 

$1  65 

Copper  produced,  pounds 

1  952  010 

1  479  642 

Copper  per  ton  of  rock,  pound 

10  97 

12  80 

Cost  per  pound  copper,  excluding  mill  construction  

20.79?! 

14.55?! 

NORTH  KEARSARGE  BRANCH 


1913 


1912 


Rock  treated   tons 

300  903 

672  248 

Cost  per  ton 

$1  59 

$1  25 

Copper  produced  pound 

4  369  000 

8  611  720 

Copper  per  ton  of  rock  pound 

14  52 

12  81 

Cost  per  pound  copper,  excluding  mill  construction  

12.46*! 

11.44f! 

SOUTH  KEARSARGE  BRANCH 


1913 


1912 


256  233 

458  745 

Cost  per  ton  

$1.36 

$1.04 

5  004  000 

8  322  025 

19  53 

18   15 

Cost  per  pound  copper,  excluding  mill  construction  

8.  lit 

6.79*! 

OSCEQLA  CONSOLIDATED 

Remarks. — Company  owns  four  mines,  i.e.,  Osceola,  North  Kearsarge, 
South  Kearsarge  and  Tamarack  Junior.  Maximum  depth  developed 
4623  ft.  The  Osceola  property  is  opened  by  six  shafts,  2  in  use.  A' very 
small  proportion  of  rock  is  rejected.  In  1912,  despite  increase  in  wages  of 
10  per  cent.,  the  cost  per  ton  for  seven  months  was  11  cents  less  than  in 
1909  when  last  operated.  Electric  power  is  used  for  pumping  and  crushing 
and  in  the  shops. 

The  North  Kearsarge  lode  averages  about  12  ft.  in  width.  Copper  values 
are  bunchy,  but  average  is  fair.  Deepest  shaft  3873  ft. 

The  South  Kearsarge  property  has  two  main  shafts,  deepest  is  2820  ft. 
Workings  have  practically  reached  the  boundary. 

Tamarack  Junior  mine  developed  by  two  vertical  shafts,  deepest  being 
3360  ft.  This  property  is  not  worked. 

In  1912,  after  two  years'  experience  with  various  types  of  drills,  the 
Leyner-Ingersoll  drill  was  adopted,  and  these  machines  are  being  introduced 
as  fast  as  possible.  The  results  are  an  increase  in  the  wages  of  the  miners 
and  a  decrease  in  the  cost  of  drifting  and  stoping. 

The  Osceola  operates  its  own  mill  located  at  Torch  Lake.  Plant  is 
equipped  with  seven  Nordberg  compound  stamps. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


MICHIGAN 


95 


QUINCY  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

12,184,128 

20,634,800 

22,252,943 

22,517,014 

Income  : 

$1,900,365 

$3,351,359 

$2,831,799 

$2,974,086 

20,832 

30,227 

23,005 

Total  income  
Expenses  

$1,921,198 
1,663,358 

$3,381,587 
2,291,913 

$2,854,804 
2,258,486 

$2,974,086 
2,248,215 

Mining  profit  

$257,840 

$1,089,673 

$596,319 

$725,871 

Int.  recpt.  real  estate  

18,929 

15,245 

17,859 

28,732 

Total 

$276,769 

$1,104,918 

$614,178 

$754,603 

Construction 

172,774 

110,049 

106,581 

111,910 

Business  profit                        

$76,1601 

$960,7781 

$507,596 

$642,693 

Tonnage  : 
Sent  to  mill 

804  645 

1  309  253 

Stamped  

1,382,524 

Hoisted 

1  373  124 

Pounds  refined  copper  per  ton  

15.11 

15.8 

16.1 

16.4 

Pounds  mineral  produced  

18,161,575 

30,040,360 

32,550,440 

34,177,380 

Price  received  for  copper 

16  24  >! 

12  725f< 

Cost  per  ton  for  tons  given  (calculated)  : 
Mining  expense  

$1.462 

$1  358 

$1   292 

$1  276 

Opening  mine  expense. 

.143 

204 

161 

159 

Smelting,  transportation,  etc. 

.189 

139 

143 

153 

Taxes  

.099 

048 

036 

.042 

Construction  

.21 

0848 

077 

.082 

Strike  exp  

.173 

Total  

$2  28 

$1  833 

$1  709 

$1  712 

Cost  per  pound  (approximate)  : 
Mining  

9  67£ 

8  62f< 

8  03f< 

7  85f< 

Opening  mine  

95 

1  29 

1  03 

975 

Smelting,  transportation,  etc 

1  25 

88 

89 

985 

Taxes  

65 

30 

22 

25 

Strike   

1   14 

Total  cost  

13  69>f 

11  09  ji 

10  17)£ 

9  98ff 

Cost  including  construction  

15.08»S 

11.6 

10.62?< 

10.47jf 

After  accident  account. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  357 


96 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SUPERIOR  COPPER  COMPANY 
HOUGHTON,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Copper,  Ibs  

2,992,765 

3,921,974 

3,236,233 

3,181,041 

Income  : 

$458,498 

$646  771 

$411  267 

Miscl.  receipts  

20,478 

26,261 

19,617 

Total  income 

$478,977 

$673,032 

$430,884 

Total  expend 

380,788 

490,559 

482,873 

Oper.   profit 

$98,189 

$182,472 

$51,989 

Net  after  int 

$93  912 

$172  873 

$64  516 

loss 

Mine  and  mill: 
Tons  stamped  

130,826 

172,322 

162,599 

140,514 

Lb.  per  ton  stamped  

Cost  per  pound  : 
At  mine  

22.87 
10.31)5 

22.76 
10.23 

19.90 
12.01 

22.64 
11.88 

Construction              

.39 

.31 

.89 

.29 

Smelt,  freight  and  commission. 
Interest  paid  

2.02 
.14 

1.97 
.24 

2.02 
.39 

1.83 
.29 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents.  . 

Cost  per  ton  treated  (calculated)  : 
Expenses  at  mine  

12.86 

$2.358 

12.75 
$2.33 

15.31 

$2.39 

14.29 
$2.69 

Smelting,  freight,  etc  

.462 
089 

.45 
07 

.41 
17 

Total  

$2.909 

$2.85 

$2.97 

General  : 
Price  reed,  for  copper,  cents.  .  . 
Depth  shaft  No.  1,  feet  
Depth  shaft  No   2,  feet 

15.387 

16.45 
2,014 
1,341 

12.70 
1,763 
1,210 

12.63 

Total  sinking,  feet 

532 

Total  drifting  and  crosscutting, 
feet. 

6,127 

15,428 

8,052 

See  also  Appendix,  page  358 


MICHIGAN 


97 


TAMARACK  MINING  COMPANY  OF  MICHIGAN 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

4,168,743 

7,908,745 

7,494,077 

11,063,606 

Income  : 
Received  from  copper  

$642,713 
853 

$1,300,238 

$957,111 

$805 

$1,431,298 
$3,737 

Total       

$643,566 

$1,300,238 

$967,916 

$1,435,035 

Total  expenditures  

693,490 

1,028,613 

$1,151,115 

$1,607,282 

$49,924 

$271,625 

$193,198 

$172,246 

loss 

loss 

loss 

Mine  and  mill  : 
Rock  broken 

478,674 

674,380 

Rock  discarded,  per  cent 

18 

22.1 

Rock  hoisted,  tons 

230,677 

428,568 

422,081 

571,393 

Per  cent,  of  discard  

1.3 

1.7 

7.0 

8.0 

Tons  stamped  
Pounds  mineral  
Ref.  copper  per  ton  rock  stamp  

227,563 
6,206,295 
18.3 

421,385 
12,118,038 
18.8 
16  44 

392,338 
12,793,430 
19.1 
12  77 

525,554 
22,053,840 
21.1 
12  93 

Cost  per  pound,  cents  : 
At  mine,  expense,  construction  
Cost  construction 

15.35 
00 

approx. 

11.90 
00 

14.07 
.06 

12.66 
.57 

Smelt.,  frt.,  comm.,  eastern  office..  .  . 
Interest  paid.    ... 

1.25 
.00 

1.11 
.14 

1.23 
.20 

1.30 
.17 

Total  costs,  cents  

16.60 

13.15 

15.56 

14.70 

Cost  per  ton  treated  (calculated)  : 
Mining,  trans.,  taxes  and  stamp,  per 
ton. 
Smelt.,  frt.,  comm.,  eastern  office..  .  . 
New  construction 

$2.81 

.23 
00 

$2.23 

.21 
00 

$2.69 

.23 
01 

$2.67 

.27 
.12 

Total  

$3  04 

$2  44 

$2  94 

$3.06 

Development,  feet  

1,113 

2,646 

8,912 

5,501 

See  also  Appendix,  page  358 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

TRIMOUNTAIN  MINING  COMPANY 
HOUGHTON,  MICH.,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Pounds,  copper  
Income  : 
Gross  receipts  

4,990,938 
$746,529 

6,980,713 
$1,132,718 

6,120,417 

$768,595 

5,694,868 
$728,206 

Expenses  at  mine  

552,767 

713,546 

632,848 

602,389 

Smelting,  frt.,  mkt.,  sell  

56,154 

70,018 

61,661 

59,069 

Total 

$608,922 

$783,564 

$694,509 

$661,459 

Taxes  and  interest  

24,244 

40,681 

13,715 

34,496 

Net  profit  

$113,363 

$308,472 

$60,370 

$32,250 

Mine  and  mill  : 

240,386 

403  089 

392  832 

365  521 

229,149 

366  663 

347  885 

317  299 

Per  cent,  waste  hoisted  

11.237 

9.0 

11.4 

13.2 

Mineral  production,  pounds  . 

8,546,070 

12,417,575 

10,705,685 

9,598,900 

Yield  rock   pounds 

21.78 

19  04 

17  59 

17  95 

1.089 

952 

88 

90 

Price  received,  copper,  cents  

14.89 

16.16 

12.54 

12.74 

Cost  per  ton  stamped  (calculated)  : 

$1.63 

$1  42 

$1  385 

$1.495 

Transportation 

.  13 

112 

112 

.1135 

Milling 

.27 

.187 

173 

.177 

General  expenses  

.42 

.251 

.175 

.1435 

Less  rents  received  

.04 

.0235 

.0284 

.0326 

Total  working  costs 

$2  41 

$1  946 

$1  8191 

$1.89 

Smelt.,  frt.,  mkt.  and  general  

.24 

.190 

.177 

.186 

Total  cost  

$2.65 

$2.136 

$1.9961 

$2.076 

Taxes  

.10 

.110 

.0394 

.108 

Total  including  taxes  
Cost  of  min.   trans,   and  stamp  per 

$2.75 

$2.246 

$1  77 

$2.0355 

$1  72 

$2.184 

$1.85 

ton  treated. 
Cost  of  min.,  etc.,  incl.  taxes 

$2.06 

$1.86 

$2.00 

Cost  per  pound  (cents,  calculated)  : 

9.  1 

9.32 

9.79 

10.29 

Construction 

1.9 

.90 

.55 

.29 

Taxes 

.5 

.59 

.23 

.61 

Smelt.,  frt.,  sell.,  and  general  

1.1 

.92 

.98 

.98 

Total  

12.62 

11.73 

11.55 

12.17 

Development  : 

Total  shaft  sinking   feet 

343 

263 

525 

872 

Total  drifting   feet 

4,468 

7,746 

7,842 

8,728 

Total  cross-cutting,  feet  

272 

401 

344 

752 

Deficit. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  359 


MICHIGAN 


99 


VICTORIA  COPPER  MINING  COMPANY 
VICTORIA,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production : 

Copper,  pounds 1,224,911 

Income : 

Gross  income,  copper $202,169 

Miscellaneous  earnings 11,597 

Total $213,766 

Expenditures 213,338 

Mining  profit $428 

Balance  receipts  over  expenditures $36,4201 

Mine  and  Mill : 

Amount  ground,  stoped  tons 6,448 

Rock  hoisted,  tons 152,666 

Rock  discarded,  tons 20,711 

Rock  stamped,  tons 131,955 

Mineral  products,  pounds 2,033,509 

Pounds  copper  recovered  per  ton 9.3 


Cost  per  ton  stamped  (calculated)  : 

Working  expense  at  mine 

Smelting,  freight,  marketing  and  office . 

Total  working  cost 

Cost  per  pound,  cents 

Development,  foot 


$1.44 
.17 


$1.61 


17.3 

4,870 


1,303,331 

$164,624 
8,384 


$173,008 
170,808 


$2,200 
$62,349 


5,437 

145,764 

18,870 

126,894 

2,128,245 

10.2 


$1.16 
.19 


$1.35 

13.2 
3,676 


1  Expenditures  over  receipts. 

Remarks. — Conditions  at  the  Victoria  property  are  much  the  same  as 
at  the  other  Michigan  Copper  mines,  situated  at  Houghton  or  Calu- 
met. The  copper  occurs  as  native.  Property  is  developed  to  twenty-third 
level. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "  Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


100 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


WOLVERINE  MINING  COMPANY 
CALUMET,  MICHIGAN,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  June  30 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

Pounds  refined  copper  
Gross  receipts  
Total  expenses  

Mining  profit  
Construction  

Net  profit 

8,350,312 
$1,326,500 
724,986 

9,408,960 
$1,327,030 
713,850 

9,617,168 

$1,209,747 
723,123 

9,757,101 
$1,294,199 
720,394 

$601,514 

$613,180 

$487,896 
2,191 

$573,805 
2,939 

$601,514 

403,514 
3.7 
388,502 
77.44 
10,782,405 
21.49 
1.074 
15.89j< 

$.995 
.050 
.400 
.170 

$613,180 

414,544 
3.19 
401,308 
77.35 
12,164,780 
23.45 
1.172 
14.10f< 

$.956 
.049 
.404 
.171 

$485,705 

400,296 
2.95 
388,476 
78.65 
12,227,500 
24.75 
1.237 
12.58£ 

$.998 
.053 
.397 
.193 

$570,866 
405,790 
390,837 

12,359,000 
24.96 
1.248 
13.24jf 

$.940 
.058 
.389 
.223 

Tons  hoisted  
Per  cent,  discard  

Tons  stamped  
Per  cent,  copper  in  min  
Prod,  mineral,  pounds  
Yield  per  ton,  pounds  
Per  cent,  copper  yield  
Price  rec'd  for  copper  
Cost  per  ton  stamped   (calcu- 
lated) : 
Mining  
Rock  house  
Stamp  mill  

General  

Cost  per  ton  stamped  
Cost  per  ton  hoisted  

Cost  per  pound: 
At  mine  
Freight,  smelt.,  etc  

Cost  exlucs.  constr  
Total  cost 

$1.62 
$1.53 

7.550t 
1.115 

$1.58 
$1.53 

6.750(i 
.836 

$1.64 
$1.59 

6.628f< 
.891 

$1.61 
$1.55 

6.453?< 
.93 

7.519 

7.383 

8.665j5 

7.686* 

22.70 

7.542jf 
24.02 

7.413* 

24.04 

Yield  cop.  per  ton  hoisted,  Ibs. 

Development: 

Sinking  
Drifting  
Stoping  per  fathom  

Ft.       Cost 

Ft.        Cost        Ft.    |  Cost 

Ft.     Cost 

386  $16.67 
3,894       6.21 
25,097       7.83 

541  $15.34 
4,293     $6.12 
25,845     $8.15 

435  $17.15 
4,638       5.92 
26,140       8.06 

191$18.52 
4,949      5.99 
25,439      8.33 

See  also  Appendix,  page  360 


MONTANA 

BRIEF  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  BUTTE  CAMP 

Butte  is  the  greatest  copper-producing  camp  in  the  world.  In  normal 
years  it  turns  out  annually  one-seventh  of  the  world's  total  copper  out- 
put. Mining  was  begun  in  the  district  in  the  early  60's.  The  camp  was 
worked  first  for  its  gold  placer  deposits.  This  was  followed  by  silver 
mining.  In  1882  rich  copper  ores  were  encountered  at  a  depth  of  a  few 
hundred  feet,  and  from  that  date  on  the  camp  became  an  active  pro- 
ducer of  the  metal.  To  the  close  of  1912  it  had  turned  out  approximately 
6,000,000,000  Ibs.  of  copper,  while  its  silver  production  had  exceeded  250,- 
000,000  oz. 

The  Butte  veins,  which  are  of  the  fissure  vein  type,  occur  in  granite.  The 
principal  rock  is  a  quartz-monzonite  called  the  "Butte  granite."  This 
rock  is  cut  by  aplite  dikes.  Quartz-porphyry  dikes  are  also  closely  asso- 
ciated with  the  veins.  Separate  periods  of  fissuring  took  place.  The 
oldest  veins  run  in  an  easterly  and  westerly  direction.  These  are  the 
principal  lodes  of  the  camp.  Another  series  striking  northwest  and  south- 
east have  displaced  the  earlier  lodes,  while  a  third  series  in  a  northeasterly 
and  southwesterly  direction  displaced  the  two  earlier  systems.  The  veins 
show  great  persistence  in  depth.  The  ore-bodies  vary  from  a  few  feet  up  to 
400  ft.  in  width  (stock-work)  and  probably  average  from  10  to  30  ft.  The 
ore-bodies  are  often  continuous  for  over  1000  ft.  in  length.  The  principal 
copper  ores  found  at  Butte  are  chalcocite,  enargite,  bornite,  chalcopyrite  and 
covellite.  In  many  of  the  veins,  solid  chalcocite  or  enargite  occur  over  con- 
siderable widths.  Chalcocite  is  now  being  encountered  in  the  deepest 
levels  of  the  camp.  This  ore,  which  is  believed  to  be  primary,  is  dense 
solid  glance  and  differs  from  the  soft  chalcocite  found  in  the  secondary 
enrichment  zone  above. 

The  Butte  copper  deposits  are  developed  by  a  large  number  of  vertical 
shafts.  The  maximum  depth  thus  far  obtained  is  3200  ft.  at  the  High  Ore 
shaft  of  the  Anaconda  Company.  A  great  number  of  shafts  are  between 
2500  and  2800  ft.  deep.  The  new  Anaconda  Company  operates  22  shafts 
and  over  13,000  tons  of  copper  ore  are  hoisted  daily.  The  total  under- 
ground development  of  this  company  aggregates  1800  miles  and  approxi- 
mately 34  miles  of  new  work  is  done  annually  underground. 

The  method  of  mining  generally  employed  in  the  Butte  camp  is  square- 
setting.  This  expensive  method  contributes  to  the  high  cost  of  mining. 

101 


jG2  TUNING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Also,  the  walls  of  the  veins  are  soft  and  the  ground  is  heavy,  requiring  con- 
stant timbering.  Rock-filling  is  always  used  in  the  stopes.  This  is  obtained 
from  the  exploring  drifts  and  shafts.  As  a  result  of  the  heavy  ground, 
laterals  are  driven  parallel  to  the  vein  and  crosscuts  run  to  the  lodes.  This 
makes  for  high  development  expense.  Montana  pine  and  fir  are  used  in 
timbering  at  a  cost  of  $14  per  thousand  ft.  After  breaking  the  ore,  a 
separation  is  made  in  the  stopes  into  a  smelting  grade  of  5  per  cent,  and 
over,  and  a  concentrating  grade  of  from  1\  per  cent,  to  3|  per  cent,  copper 
per  ton.  Of  the  total  Butte  ore  treated,  approximately  10  per  cent,  is 
first-class  and  90  per  cent,  second-class. 

Great  improvements  have  been  made  in  recent  years  in  efficiency  of 
operation,  particularly  by  the  Anaconda  Company.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned:  Supplanting  steam  hoisting  by  compressed-air  hoisting  in 
centrally  located  shafts,  the  compressed  air  generated  from  electricity 
transmitted  from  hydro-electric  plants;  electric  haulage  underground; 
pumping  by  electricity;  ventilation  of  the  mines  by  fans  and  blowers  elec- 
trically driven,  thus  applying  cool  and  fresh  air  to  the  deep  workings.  In 
1913  the  Butte,  Anaconda  &  Pacific  Railway,  connecting  the  Butte  camp 
with  the  Washoe  Reduction  Works  at  Anaconda,  was  electrified. 

The  labor  cost  at  Butte  is  high,  the  men  being  paid  $3.50  per  day.  An 
agreement,  however,  exists  between  the  Anaconda  Company  and  the  men 
that  when  the  price  of  electrolytic  copper  is  15  cents  and  over,  and  under 
17  cents  per  pound,  the  wages  of  all  men  employed  underground  shall  be 
increased  25  cents  above  the  minimum  wage  of  $3.50  per  day,  and  an  addi- 
tional 25  cents  if  copper  is  over  17  cents  per  pound. 

The  Reduction  Works,  the  Washoe  and  Great  Falls  plants,  are  located 
respectively  at  Anaconda  and  Great  Falls,  the  former  26  miles  and  the  latter 
172  miles  from  Butte.  The  Butte,  Anaconda  &  Pacific  Railway  connects 
the  mines  with  the  Washoe  plant,  and  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  ex- 
tends from  Butte  to  the  Great  Falls  plant.  Both  of  these  reduction  works 
are  equipped  with  concentrators  and  smelting  departments.  The  mill  at 
Washoe,  which  is  the  larger  plant,  has  a  capacity  of  12,000  tons  per  day. 
The  method  of  treatment  is  direct-smelting  for  the  high-grade  ores,  and 
concentration  for  the  low-grade  ores,  with  the  smelting  of  concentrates  in 
reverberatory  furnaces  and  converting  to  blister  copper.  This  is  sent  to 
the  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining. 

The  saving  effected  in  concentration  on  the  average  milling  ore  is  approxi- 
mately 78  per  cent.  The  ratio  of  concentration  is  roughly  3|  tons  into  one. 
The  smelting  departments  are  equipped  with  both  reverberatory  and  blast 
furnaces. 


MONTANA 


103 


ANACONDA  COPPER  MINING  COMPANY 

(Amalgamated  Copper  Company) 
BUTTE,  MONTANA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912  1911 


1910 


Production  (Anaconda  and  Great  Falls 
Copper,  pounds  
Silver,  ounces  

Smefters):1 
270.301.6442 
10,321,296 
64,898 

$45,281,877 
1,121,766 

294,474,161 
11,014,737 
61,314 

$52,275,260 
703,251 

259,407,093 
9,731,561 
48,949 

$38,525,289 
628,681 

266,608,461 
9,534,888 
57,259 

$32,277,063 
711,114 

Gold,  ounces  

Income  : 

Income,  metal  sales 

Other  income  

Total  income 

46,403,643 
35,080,145 

52,978,511 
37,122,177 

39,153,970 
31,110,251 

32,988,177 
27,267,275 

Expenses  

Profit  

$11,323,498 

4,644,201 
7,243 

$15,856,334 

4,576,289 
3,667 

$8,043,719 

3,844,070 
4,602 

$5,720,902 

3,326,227 
4,413 

Mines  (Anaconda)  : 
Tons  mined 

Tons  precipitates  

Total  tons  

4,651,444 

5,186,839 
4,566,450 
619,894 
524 

4,579,956 

5,069,224 
4,486,873 
581,032 
1,337 

3,848,672 

4,255,813 
3,756,235 
499,077 
501 

3,330,640 

4,337,688 
3,253,345 
385,200 
129 
13,688 

$3.80 
.28 
1.66 
.69 
.07 

Reduction  works  (tons)  : 
Treated  dry  company  and  custom.  . 
From  company's  mines  
From  custom  ores 

Precipitates     .       

Slimes  

Cost  per  ton  (approximations)  :3 
Mining  incl.  dev.  per  ton  wet  
Trans,  mines  to  reduct.  plant  wet.  . 
Reduction  expense  per  ton  dry  
Frt.  refining  and  sell,  per  ton  dry  .  . 
Adm.ex.  corp.  and  taxes  per  ton  dry 
Dep.  mines,  plants  and  smelter  
Total  cost  

$3.98 
.31 
1.68 
.67 
.05 
.14 

$3.69 
.30 
1.75 
.74 
.08 
.20 

$3.77 
.32 
1.82 
.81 
.07 

$6.83 
.38 

$6.76 
.95 

$6.80 
.85 

$6.50 
.69 

Ore  purchased  and  transportion  exp.  . 

Average  price  copper  for  year,  E.  and 
M.  Journal. 
Average  price,  silver  

$7.21 

15.26j! 
59.  8i 
35.3 
3,841 

$7.71 

16.3ff 
60.835>< 
34.1 
4,736 

$7:65 

12.376)f 
53.304,5 
30.7 
3,711 

$7.19 

12.738^ 
53.486f5 
33.1 
3,765 

Development  during  year,  miles  
Total  shaft  sinking,  feet  

1  Produced  by  company  241,983,323  Ibs.  2  Includes  custom  ore.  3  These  are  merely 
rough  approximations  calculated  from  data  given. 

Cost  Per  Pound.  — It  is  impossible  to  give  the  actual  cost  of  producing 
copper  per  pound.  An  approximate  cost  per  pound  can  be  obtained  by 
getting  the  pounds  copper  recovered  per  ton  and  calculating  from  the 
cost  per  ton  assuming  credits  from  silver  and  gold  production.  The 
reports  do  not  give  the  average  price  obtained  for  copper. 


104 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OPERATIONS  FOR  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  1 


Year  Ended  June  1 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 
Gross  yield  

$43,130  733 

$38  277  753 

$32  767  642 

Total  expenditures.  . 

31,683,832 

27  752  023 

27  670  211 

Net  proceeds  
Mine: 
Tons  of  ore  mined  

$11,446,901 
4,531,640 

$10,525,729 
4,319,994 

$5,097,432 
3,711,671 

Yield  per  ton 

$9  517 

$8  86 

$8  82 

Costs  per  ton  mined: 
Mining  

$4  035 

$3  70 

$4   11 

Reduction  

1  875 

1  67 

2  13 

Freight  

300 

31 

32 

Marketing,  refining  and  selling  . 

.779 

74 

89 

Paid  for  labor  
Paid  for  machinery  and  supplies  

$6.989 

$15,059,333 
11,722,963 

$6.41 

$13,440,836 
9,809,629 

$7.35 

$12,521,947 
10,628,455 

Freight 

1  369  843 

1  332  464 

1  196  940 

Marketing,  refining  and  selling  

3,531,692 

3,168,993 

3,322,867 

Note. — It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  obtain  cost  data  on  the  Amalgamated- 
Anaconda  properties,  as  it  is  against  the  policy  of  the  management  to  make 
same  public.  It  has  been  necessary  to  compute  all  figures  on  costs,  and  as 
the  data  from  which  these  computations  have  been  made,  were  limited  and 
not  of  such  a  nature  as  to  permit  of  giving  exact  results,  the  figures  on  "costs 
per  ton"  should  be  regarded  as  merely  rough  approximations. 

AMALGAMATED-ANACONDA  PROPERTIES 

In  1910  the  Anaconda  Company  absorbed  the  various  Butte  mining 
companies  controlled  by  the  Amalgamated  Copper  Co.  The  following 
companies  were  taken  over: 

Boston  &  Montana  Consolidated  Copper  &  Silver  Co.  Butte  &  Boston 
Consolidated  Mining  Co.  The  Red  Metal  Mining  Co.  (Butte  Coalition). 
Washoe  Copper  Co.  Trenton  Mining  &  Development  Co.  Parrot  Silver 
&  Copper  Co.  Alice  Gold  &  Silver  Mining  Co.  Diamond  Coal  &  Coke  Co. 
Big  Blackfoot  Lumber  Co. 

Since  the  merging  of  the  Butte  companies,  no  reports  have  been  issued  on 
the  respective  properties. 

Remarks. — The  Anaconda  Company  at  the  time  of  the  merger  was  one  of  the  largest 
copper  producers  in  the  world,  the  production  then  being  obtained  from  one  mine  only. 
For  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Butte  Camp." 


MONTANA 


105 


DAVIS  DALY  COPPER  COMPANY 
BUTTE,  MONTANA,  U.  S.  A. 


Period  Ended  June  30 


1913 


1912 


Expe  nditures  : 

$279  855 

$199,029 

General  expenses  

17,568 

41,638 

Total 

$297,423 

$240,667 

Receipts  : 
Ore  sales,  etc                             .        

$191,942 

$106,299 

7,029 

Total 

$200  080 

$113,329 

$97  343 

$127,338 

Net  returns                                                      

10  months 
$114,789 

Tons  treated                           .    .                

33,353 

16,803 

Cost  per  ton  (approx.)  : 
Mining     

$3.64 

Development  

2.44 

Fixed 

4.34 

.25 

Net  returns  per  ton  

$8.67 
$5.73 

$10.71 
$6.82 

The  following  data  is  given  on  shipments.  The  period  in  question  was 
from  May  1  to  Dec.  1,  1909. 

Tons  shipped 15,698 

Weight,  pounds 30,613,998 

Silver,  ounces  per  ton 5 . 24 

Returns $93,910 

Net  returns ' $44,819 

Tons  treated,  dry 15,306 

Per  cent,  copper,  per  ton 2 . 78 

Ounces,  gold  per  ton .0076 

Treatment  and  freight $49,061- 

Remarks. — The  Davis  Daly  mine  is  developed  to  a  depth  of  1900  ft.  Ore- 
bodies  vary  from  3  to  20  ft.  wide.  Company  formerly  sent  ore  to  its 
own  concentrator.  The  above  returns  are  shipments  sent  to  the  Washoe 
Reduction  Plant.  The  Davis  Daly  is  still  a  development  proposition.  The 
figures  given  are  of  interest  more  as  showing  the  value  of  the  ore  when  treated 
in  a  custom  plant  rather  than  what  the  mine  should  do  when  operating  under 
normal  conditions. 


106 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


EAST  BUTTE  COPPER  COMPANY 
BUTTE,  MONTANA 


Year  Ended 

Dec.  31, 
1913 

Dec.  31, 
1912 

Mar.  31, 
1912 

Mar.  31, 
1911 

Production  : 
Copper  Ibs  
Ounces  silver  
Ounces  gold  

14,401,108 
506,897 
8,803 

14,709,460 
370,675 
16,920 

12,167,363 
396,524 
17,959 

11,417,409 
432,218 
13,119 

Income  : 

Gross  value  shipped  
Other  income 

$2,471,551 
174,016 

$2,841,204 
314,271 

$2,184,758 

$1,904,514 

Total  income 

2,645,568 

$3,155,475 

$2,184,758 

$1,904,514 

Costs  and  custom  ore  purchases  . 
Miscellaneous  operations 

1,821,054 
60,057 

$1,821,059 
54,678 

$1,728,563 

$1,635,863 

Surplus  on  operations  
Int.  and  equipment  

$764,455 
232,,683 

$1,279,737 
296,037 

$456,194 
199,550 

Net  surplus  on  operations  
Mine  : 
Tons  mined  wet 

$531,772 
105  071 

$983,700 
99  458 

$256,643 
95  910 

$268,651 
85  876 

Average  per  cent,  copper  

5.16 

5.78 

5.62 

5.51 

Tons  Co.  ore  treated  dry 

101  924 

96  601 

95  910 

Tons  custom  ore  treated  dry 

84  891 

85  173 

47  135 

Total  ore  treated 

186  815 

181,774 

143  045 

Cost  per  ton  (treated)  : 
Mining,  treatment,  freight,  sell, 
ref.  and  cost  custom  ore  pur- 
chased. 
Mining  cost  per  ton,  incl.  devel.  . 
Milling  cost  (est.)  

$9.75 
$5.08i 

$10.01 

$4.88 
.65 

$12.08 
4.14 

Not  available 

Cost  per  pound 

11  04 

9  698^ 

9  46^ 

9  91^ 

Miscellaneous  : 
Development.  .  .    . 

2710 

7130  ft 

7865  ft 

4639  ft 

Of  tonnage  mined 
First-class  tons  

71  569 

72  865 

65  038 

Grade,  per  cent,   copper 

6  31 

6  98 

6  9 

Second-class  tons  .  .  . 

33,502 

26,593 

30  872 

Grade,  per  cent,   copper 

2  7 

2  48 

2  86 

Prices  received  metals  : 
Copper.  .  .  . 

15  085 

16  692$* 

13  21fi 

12  35ff 

Silver  
Gold  

59  .  246 
$20.00 

61.482>i 
$20.00 

51.016?! 
$20.00 

53.603?" 
$20.00 

1  Cost  of    mining  as    compared    with    other  years  was  $4.75,  the  extra  cost  being  for 
greater  development. 

See  also  Appendix  page  360 


MONTANA 


107 


NORTH  BUTTE  MINING  CO. 
BUTTE,  MONTANA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 
Pounds  copper  
Ounces  silver  
Ounces  gold  

Income  : 
Total  receipts  
Expenses  
Net  profits  

Mine: 
Dry  tons  treated  
Of  which  first  class  ore  was  
Of  which  second  class  ore  was  
Aver,  fine  cop.  per  dry  ton.  .  .  . 
Price  rec'd  for  copper  

Credit  Gold  and  Silver  : 
Total  expenses  
Less  value  Au  and  Ag  

Cost  per  ton; 
Mining  and  development  
Freight  on  ore  
Smelting,  refining,  selling  
Construction  
Total  mining  cost 

28,318,321 
1,602,163 
1,567 

$5,182,674 
$3,744,896 

26,480,123 
1,377,468 
1,367 

$5,120,321 
3,449,603 

24,816,669 
1,134,300 
1,281 

$3,752,160 
$3,110,302 

25,267,092 
988,190 
1,195 

$3,790,991 
$3,230,103 

$1,437,777 

462,799 
26  .  8  % 
73  .  2  % 

15.08<3j< 

$3,744,896 
980,823 

$1,670,718 

434,854 
10.7% 
89.3% 
60.8  Ib. 
16.369*5 

$3,449,603 
893,569 

$641,858 

410,694 
6.6% 
93  .  4  % 
60.51b. 
12.561»f 

$3,110,300 
634,850 

$560,888 

408,528 
9.3% 
90.7% 
61.91b. 
12.771* 

$3,179,151 
562,515 

$2,764,073 

$3.967 
.120 
3  .  903 

$2,556,033 

$4.2480 
.1202 
3.4636 
.0486 

$2,475,450 

$3.7989 
.1203 
3.3614 
.0177 

$2,616,635 

$3.7094 
.1202 
3  .  6300 
.0154 

7.990 
.101 

7.8804 
.0509 

7.2983 
.1019 

7.4750 
.0968 

General  expense,  including  income  and 
personal  taxes. 
Total  cost  

Cost  per  pound; 
Min.  and  dev  
Freight  on  ore  

$8.091 

$.06484 
.00196 
.06378 

$7.9313 

$   .06977 
.00197 
.  05689 
.0008 

$7.4002 

$.06434 
.00204 
.05693 
.00029 

$7.5718 

$.06164 
.00200 
.06032 
.00025 

Cone.,  smelt.,  frt.,  ref.  and  sell  
Construction  
Total  mining  cost  
Genl.    disb.,     incl.    inc.     and     personal 
taxes. 
Total  cost  
Less  value  gold  and  silver  
Total  
Miscellaneous: 
Grade  ore  reserved  copper,  silver  
Development,  feet  

$.13058 
.00165 

.  12943 
.00083 

.  12360 
.00173 

.  12421 
.00161 

.  13223 
.03463 

.  13026 
.03374 

.  12533 
.02558 

.  12582 
.02226 

$.09760 

$.09652 

4.5%4.5oz 
18,140 

$.09975 

4.5%4.25oz 
17,700 

$.10356 

19,449 

See  also  Appendix,  page  361 


108 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


TUOLUMNE  COPPER  MINING  COMPANY 
BUTTE,  MONTANA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


Production  : 
Copper  pounds  received  after  smelting  deducted 

1,880  514 

Silver,  ounces  

77,571 

Gold,  ounces  

140 

Gross  value  copper,  gold  and  silver  
Freight  and  smelter  charges  

$739,196 
323,667 

Net  after  freight  and  smelting  

$200,217 

$415,528 

Interest 

3  139 

Total     

$200  217 

$418  667 

Expenses  at  mine 

233  222 

281  250 

Net  profit  ... 

$30,625 

$137  417 

Tons  mined  
Tons  1st  class  
Tons  2nd  class  
Total  pounds  copper  
Total  ounces  silver  

(Loss) 
34,276 
930 
33,346 
2,633,651 
109,705 

46,683 
14,011 
32,672 
4,716,047 
131,867 

Average  copper  per  cent,  for  year  
Average  silver  ounces  for  year  

Cost  per  ton  at  mine  : 

Mining  and  development 

3.84 
3.2 

$6  241 

5.05 

2.83 

$4  02 

Timber,  fuel,  supplies,  etc 

1  40 

General  expense 

42 

.23 

Equipment  and  construction  

.14 

.36 

Total  

$6.80 

$6.01 

Development,  feet  

3,913 

3,354 

Depth  sunk,  feet  

412 

205 

1  Including  timber,  fuel,  supplies,  etc. 

Remarks. — This  is  one  of  the  smaller  and  newer  copper  properties  at  Butte. 
Holdings  consist  of  one  fractional  claim  of  6  acres.  Adjoins  North  Butte 
and  is  working  the  extension  of  the  Jessie  Vein  in  that  property.  Mine  is 
developed  to  2240  ft.  Property  said  to  contain  three  veins.  General  con- 
ditions are  the  same  as  North  Butte.  Ore,  which  is  of  two  kinds,  first  and 
second  class,  is  shipped  to  Anaconda  and  concentrated  and  smelted.  This  is 
one  of  the  few  copper  properties  at  Butte  not  owned  by  the  Anaconda. 


MONTANA  109 

BUTTE  &  SUPERIOR  COPPER  CO.,  LTD. 
BUTTE,  MONTANA,  U.  S.  A. 

Period,  month  of  March:  1913 

Tons  ore  treated 20,140 

Per  cent,  zinc 20.9838 

Tons  concentrates 7071 . 89 

Grade  concentrates 46 . 067 

Ratio  concentration : 2 . 848  into  1 

Profit  (approximate) $60,000 

Price  spelter,  pound 6ji 

Value  46  per  cent,  concentrates  per  ton,  Butte1 $31 .40 

Value  46  per  cent,  concentrates  per  ton,  Bartlesville $23.40 

Costs  per  ton  concentrate : 

Freight $7.00 

Allow  moisture 1^00 

$8.00 
Value  per  ton  concentrates : 

Value  per  ton  crude  ore 8.21 

Residues 


r  equal  to  $2  per  ton  of  concentrates .70 

Lead  cone.    ' 

Total  value $8.91 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining $2.907 

Milling 2.880 

Total '         $5.933 

Profit  per  ton $2 . 98 

The  above  costs  are  not  representative  of  the  property.  The  period  given 
is  one  during  the  equipment  stage,  and  with  but  one  unit  of  the  concentrator 
in  commission. 

Remarks. — Although  situated  in  Butte,  a  copper  camp,  the  Butte  & 
Superior  'property  is  one  of  the  country's  largest  zinc  producers.  Mine 
is  developed  by  shaft  to  1600-ft.  level.  Black  Rock  vein  has  been  de- 
veloped for  entire  length  of  claim  disclosing  practically  continuous  ore- 
body  varying  from  a  few  feet  to  over  100  ft.  wide.  The  ore  is  sphalerite  or 
zinc  sulphide,  carries  high  values  in  silver  and  low  percentage  iron,  making 
it  an  unusually  desirable  product.  Mine  is  equipped  for  minimum  capacity 
of  1500  tons  a  day.  Mill  is  1200  tons  nominal  capacity.  The  entire  plant 
may  develop  1400  tons.  Ore  is  concentrated,  tables,  classifiers  and  jigs 
i  being  used.  The  tailings  are  re-ground  and  treated  by  flotation  process. 
I  An  extraction  of  90  per  cent,  has  been  made.  Concentrates  are  shipped 
i  to  Bartlesville,  Okla.,  for  smelting. 

1  The  company  receives  $28  for  50  per  cent,  concentrate  at  5jf  spelter  and  $35  at  6j5 
with  a  deduction  of  QQ£  a  unit  for  each  per  cent,  below  50. 

For  more  recent  operations,  see  Appendix,  page  399 


MISSOURI 

CONTINENTAL  ZINC  COMPANY 
JOPLIN,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A. 


Production 


1911  |  1910  |  1909  j   1908 


Tons  crude  ore  hoisted.  

173,000 

152,164 

108,728 

83,603 

Tons  concentrates  recovered  

4,663 

4,331 

3,048 

2,029 

Cost  per  ton  crude  : 

Mining  
Milling  
General  expense  

$.604 
.221 
.050 

.672 
.224 
.055 

.802 
.258 
.055 

.800 
.272 
.058 

$.875 

$.951 

$1.115 

$1.130 

These  figures  do  not  include  amortization  charge  or  royalty  and  merely 
represent  operating  and  maintenance.  The  amortization  charge  would  be 
about  15  cents  per  ton  of  crude  ore  hoisted.  (Above  data  by  L.  D.  Huntoon.) 


The  cost  of  mining  distributed  departmentally  for  the  best  years'  opera- 
tions are  about  as  follows: 

Drainage 3  i  per  ton. 

Drilling  and  breaking  ground  (including  explosives) 34  i  per  ton. 

Shovelling  and  tramming 20  i  per  ton. 

Caging  and  hoisting 4  i  per  ton. 


Total  mining • 

Milling • 

General  expenses 

Total  operating 

Amortization  of  mining  and  milling. 


61  i  per  ton. 

21  ^  per  ton. 

5  i  per  ton. 

87  i  per  ton. 
7  i  per  ton. 


Total 94  i  per  ton. 

Character  of  Sheet  Ground  in  the  Joplin  District. — There  is  no  develop- 
ment work  of  any  consequence  necessary  in  this  operation,  as  it  consists  of 
mining  the  sheet  or  blanket  formation  about  18  ft.  thick  at  a  depth  of  about 
210  ft.  below  the  surface  with  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  area  and  volume  left 
in  the  shape  of  pillars  to  support  the  roof.  Practically  no  timbering  is  re- 
quired and  the  ramifications  of  the  ore-body  are  very  simple.  The  rock  is 
very  hard  and  is  very  difficult  drilling  ground,  requiring  lots  of  powder  to 
break.  The  water  pumped  from  the  mine  is  strongly  acid,  making  some 
additional  cost  for  pumping  and  in  milling  operations.  Outside  of  these  two 

110 


MISSOURI  111 

disadvantages,  however,  there  is  very  little  that  could  be  desired  to  make 
more  favorable  mining  conditions. 

Remarks. — The  mines  of  the  Continental  Zinc  Co.  are  readily  accessible. 
The  character  of  the  ore-bodies  are  sheet  or  blanket  formation  dipping  1  per 
cent.  The  widths  of  the  ore-bodies  are  500  to  800  ft.  The  ores  are  spha- 
lerite and  galena  in  chert.  The  mines  are  not  deep,  the  shafts  varying  from 
210  to  220  ft.  in  depth.  The  method  of  mining  is  large  opening  with  pillars 
15  ft.  in  diameter  and  about  40  to  50  ft.  apart.  The  amount  of  water  pumped 
is  250  gal.  per  minute  (strongly  acid).  The  method  of  treatment  is  wet 
concentration.  (Above  Data  by  J.  L.  Bruce.) 

ZINC  ISSUES  COMPANY 

Mines  at  Neck  City,  Mo.,    Duenweg,  Mo.,    Galena,  Kas.,    Miami,  Okla. 
Production,  19 12: 

Tons  ore  milled : 144,780 

/  7,448  zinc 
Tons  concentrates  produced <      _4Q  ^      , 

Ratio  of  concentration,  17.3  into  1 

Per  ton 


Total  value  of  concentrates $436,935  $51 . 68  Zn 

$55.28Pb 
Zn  Fe 


Approximate  assay  zinc  concentrates.  57  per  cent.   2. 5  per  cent 

Mining  and  milling  costs  vary  according  to  local  conditions  from  $1 .25  to 
$2 . 50  per  ton  of  ore. 

Note.— Nearly  all  properties  in  this  district  are  operated  on  a  royalty 
basis.  Royalties  range  from  5  per  cent,  to  25  per  cent. 


112  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

REPRESENTATIVE  COSTS,  WEBB  CITY  DISTRICT 
WEBB  CITY,  MISSOURI,  U.  S.  A. 

Below  we  give  cost  data  of  two  typical  mines  of  the  Webb  City  zone  in 
the  southwest  Missouri  zinc  district. 

A.  Operating  Conditions. — Ore  face  is  25  to  35  ft.  in  height,  with  ore 
disseminated  through  hard  flint  and  limestone;  the  pumping  is  400  gallons 
per  minute;  a  gas  engine  drives  the  mill,  while  steam  is  used  for  the  compres- 
sor, pump  and  hoist.  The  costs  are  for  a  six  months  period,  with  an  average 
daily  tonnage  of  185  tons.  The  cost  is  divided  as  follows: 

Cost  per  ton : 

Labor ' $0. 398 

Explosives 0. 120 

Hard  iron  supplies 0 . 089 

Fuel  gas 0 . 124 

Oil  and  waste 0.015 

Fire  insurance 0 . 005 

Liability  insurance 0.014 

Interest  on  investment. ..                                                                        .  0.019 


Total  operating  expense $0 . 784 

Amortization  charge 0. 112 


Grand  total $0 . 896 

B.  Operating  Conditions. — This  mine  has  ore  faces  in  hard  flint,  18  ft. 
high;  does  no  pumping;  gas  engines  drive  both  mill  and  compressor.  The 
costs  are  for  a  six  months  period  during  which  time  179  tons  of  rock  were 
handled  daily.  The  cost  is  divided  as  follows : 

Cost  per  ton : 

Labor $0.502 

Explosives 0. 131 

Hard  iron  supplies 0 . 120 

Fuel  gas 0 . 073 

Oil  and  waste 0.012 

Fire  insurance 0 . 004 

Liability  insurance 0.017 

Interest  6  per  cent,  on  investment 0.017 

Total  operating  expense $0 . 876 

Amortization  charge 0 . 106 


Grand  total $0.982 

Data  by  T.  F.  Lennan,  Webb  City,  Mo. 


MISSOURI  113 

FOUR  ZINC  MINES  OF  JOPLIN,  MO.,  DISTRICT 

MISSOURI,  U.  S.  A. 

Following  are  four  mines  slightly  different  in  character  and  working  under 
different  conditions.  The  costs  cover  a  period  of  six  months  and  may  be 
taken  as  representative. 

No.  1. — Mine  classed  as  soft  ground,  disseminated  deposit. 
Drifts  12  ft.  to  14  ft.  high.     Roof  soft  requiring  heavy  timbering;  2-in. 
pump  handles  water.     Calculated  life  of  mine  three  years  with  production  of 
95  tons  per  day. 

CASH  OUTLAY  LOST  WHEN  MINE  IS  FINISHED 

Loss  on  mill $6,600  Hardware  and  supplies 098 

Cost  of  shafts 3,200  Fuel 085 

Preliminary  work 1,800  Oil  and  waste 012 

Drilling 2,000  Fire  insurance 005 

Liability  insurance 015 

$13,600  Interest 026 

Costs  per  ton : 

Supt $   .021  $   .875 

Surface  labor 157  Loss  on  cash  outlay 159 

Mine  labor 34 

Explosives 049  $1.034 

Timber 067 

With  zinc  selling  at  average  price  of  $41.70  per  ton,  the  grade  of  ore  would 
have  to  be  as  follows  for  the  mine  to  break  even:  When  no  royalty  is 
charged,  2.4  per  cent.  zinc.  When  10  per  cent,  royalty  is  charged,  2.7  per 
cent.  zinc.  When  20  per  cent,  royalty  is  charged,  3.0  per  cent.  zinc. 

No.  2. — Disseminated  ore  lease  on  10  acres.  Face  of  drifts  25  ft.  to  35 
ft.  Five-inch  pump  needed  to  handle  mine  water.  Mill  capacity  200  tons 
per  10-hour  day.  Drilling  has  shown  mine  will  last  4  years  at  the  above  rate. 

CASH  OUTLAY  LOST  WHEN  MINE  IS  FINISHED 

Mill $14,500         Iron  and  supplies 089 

Two  shafts 6,600         Fuel 124 

Preliminary  work 3,000         Oil  and  waste 015 

Drilling 2,000         Fire  insurance 005 

Liability  insurance 014 

$26,100         Interest 019 

Costs  per  ton: 

Supt $   .009  .784 

Surface  labor 147         Loss  on  cash  outlay 112 

Underground  labor 242 

Explosives 12  $     896 

This  mine  would  have  to  make  the  following  saving  to  break  even : 
When  paying  10  per  cent,  royalty,  2.5  per  cent,  zinc  ore. 
When  paying  20  per  cent,  royalty,  2.8  per  cent,  zinc  ore. 

8 


114  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

No.  3.' — This  is  a  sheet  ground  mine  with  16  ft.  face  of  ore.  The  ore  is 
made  up  of  4  tons  zinc  to  1  ton  lead.  Mill  has  capacity  of  203  tons  per  10- 
hour  shift.  Life  of  mine  is  5  years. 

CASH  OUTLAY  LOST  WHEN  MINE  IS  FINISHED 

Cost  of  two  shafts $9,800  Iron  and  supplies 162 

Preliminary  work 4,000  Fuel 083 

Mill 16,500  Oil  and  waste 014 

Drilling 1,620  Fire  insurance 004 

Liability  insurance 016 

$31,920  Interest 019 

Costs  per  ton : 

Supt $    .01  $    .958 

Surface  labor 176  Loss  cash  outlay 101 

Underground  labor 337 

Explosives .137  $1 . 059 

The  following  grades  of  ore  would  be  required  to  break  even. 

No  royalty  to  be  paid,  2.4  per  cent,  zinc  ore. 

10  per  cent,  royalty  to  be  paid,  2.6  per  cent,  zinc  ore. 

20  per  cent,  royalty  to  be  paid,  2.9  per  cent,  zinc  ore. 

No.  4. — This  is  a  sheet  ground  mine  with  18-ft.  face  of  ore.  Ore  is  2  tons 
zinc  to  1  ton  lead.  No  pumping.  Mill  capacity  179  tons  per  shift.  Life  of 
mine  5  years. 

•'    CASH  OUTLAY  LOST  WHEN  MINE  IS  FINISHED 

Cost  of  two  shafts $8,600         Iron  and  supplies 12 

073 

012 

004 

017 

.017 


Preliminary  work 

4,500 

Fuel 

Drilling  
Mill  

1,800 
12,500 

Oil  and  waste  
Fire  insurance  

Costs  per  ton  : 

Supt  
Surface  labor  
Underground  labor  
Explosives.  .  . 

$27,400 

$   .012 
16 
33 
.131 

Interest  
Loss  cash  outlay  ...  . 

.876 
.106 


$    .982 


To  break  even  the  following  grade  ores  would  be  required : 

With  10  per  cent,  royalty,  2.4  per  cent.  ore. 

With  20  per  cent,  royalty,  2.7  per  cent.  ore. 

The  calculations  in  mines  3  and  4  are  based  upon  zinc  at  $41.70  and  lead  at 
$59.13  per  ton  which  is  an  average  over  a  period  of  5  years.  (This  data  by 
W.  A.  Christy.) 


MISSOURI 

FEDERAL  LEAD  COMPANY 
FLAT  RIVER,  MISSOURI,  U.  S.  A. 


115 


Cost  per  ton 

of  ore 

$  12 

04 

Ore  breaking 

46 

Mine  to  mine-bins  

.23 

Mine-bins  to  mill  

.04 

Milling  

.22 

General  expense  

.14 

Total  

$1.25 

The  above  data  given  by  H.  A.  Guess. 

Remarks :  Ore  occurs  more  or  less  horizontally  disseminated  in  lime- 
stone formation  at  depths  of  only  a  few  hundred  feet  below  the  surface. 
Thickness  varies  from  6  to  75  feet.  Pillars  are  left  in  mining.  Prospect- 
ing done  entirely  by  drilling.  Cost  varies  from  50£  to  $1  per  foot.  Ores 
are  concentrated.  The  flotation  process  is  now  used  on  tailings.  Concen- 
trates are  smelted  at  plants  near  St.  Louis. 


THE  ST.  JOSEPH  LEAD  CO. 
RIVERMINES,  Mo. 

Year  ending  April  30,  1914.  Net  profit  from  operations  St.  Joe  Lead 
Co.  $906,853.  The  Doe  Run  Lead  Co.,  $1,073,668.  Total  for  Consoli- 
dated Companies  $2,240,132.  Net  after  income  charges  $1,583,938.  Total 
production  114,971,751  Ibs.  of  dry  concentrates  containing  75,824,944  Ibs. 
or  37,912  tons  of  metallic  lead. 

The  following  operating  results  were  obtained: 

Bonne  Terre  Leadwood 

District  District 

Mill  crushed  tons 475,133  489,745 

Lbs.  lead  produced 33,041,587  42,782,357 

Yield  per  ton 69 . 53  87 . 3 

Cost  per  ton 

Mining 86.5*i  78£ 

Milling 35.38j<  29.92f< 

Rr.  and  Freight 6. 18£  4A5£ 

Total $1.28  $1.1237 

Tons  mined  per  acre 70,641  56,072 


NEVADA 


FLORENCE  GOLDFIELD  MIN.  CO. 

GOLDFIELD,  NEVADA 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Total  gross  
Tons  milled  
Average  value  
Mill  saving,  per  cent  
Tons  shipped 

$252,821 
48,847 
$6.10 
83.96 

$552,051 
52,027 
$11.38 
92.11 

$641,030 

34,824 
$18.42 
92.12 
173  86 

Average  value 

$287  54 

Costs  per  ton:  —  Mining  
Development  
Milling  
Marketing  
General  expense  
Taxes  

$1.242 
1.744 
2.595 
.047 
.381 
.080 

$1.491 
1.688 
2.985 
.904 
.425 
.127 

$4  .  387 
3.861 
3.590 

$6.089 

$7.620 

$11.838 

See  also  Appendix,  page  361. 

ROUND  MOUNTAIN  MINING  CO. 

ROUND  MOUNTAIN,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Mar.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  
Total  oper.  cost  
Mill  :—  Net  profit  
Tons  ore  milled 

$342,996.62 
$268,166.44 
$74,830.18 
54,915 

$302,680.29 
$218,367.51 
$84,312.78 
36,252 

$393,305.59 
$200,500.08 
$194,049.25 
33,860 

Ave  value  recov 

$6  24 

$8.34 

$11.63 

Mill  recovery,  per  cent 

88 

89.64 

Profit  per  ton  
Costs  per  ton  :  —  Mining  
Development  
Milling  

$1.36 
$2.00 
.90 
1.16 

$2.32 
$2.39 
1.47 
1.28 

$5.713 
$2.318 
1.738 
1.51 

Bullion  tax  and  expense  
General  expense  

.07 
.32 

.13 

.34 

.353 

$4.45 
31 

$5.61 

$5.919 

Litigation.  .  . 

.20 

.56 

Miscell.  earnings  

$4.96 
.08 

$6.17 
.15 

Total  

$4.88 

$6.02 

See  also  Appendix,  page  361 

116 


NEVADA 


117 


GOLDFIELD  CONSOLIDATED  M.  CO. 

GOLDFIELD,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Total  production 

$7,652,045.63 

$10,163,127.46 

$10,273,934.17 

Net  profit                                 

$4,886,399.55 

$7,526,846.04 

$7,347,691.81 

Mill: 

415,786 

330,062 

265,352 

$19.77 

$32  .  08 

$40.72 

18.40 

30.74 

38.50 

Average  recovery,  per  cent  
Costs  per  ton  ore  : 

$3  39 

95.51 
$3  35 

94.54 
3.86 

.08 

.09 

.14 

Milling 

1.61 

1.89 

2.11 

Concentrate  treated 

.38 

.38 

.31 

Marketing  concentrates  
Marketing  bullion          

.13 
.07 

.74 
.15 

.83 
.23 

Marketing  shipping  ore  
General  exp.  office,  legal,  etc  
Bullion  tax  

.19 
.45 
.13 

.05 
.55 

.38 

.34 
.89 
.49 

.08 

.08 

Total 

$6.51 

$7  66 

$9.20 

Miscellaneous  earnings  

.07 

.11 

.18 

$6.44 
$11  96 

$7.55 

$23   19 

$9.02 

$29  48 

Less  construction   etc 

.21 

42 

1  95 

Net  per  ton  ore  
Feet  development  

$11.75 
48,146 

22.77 

46,739 
$7  51 

27.53 
$9  05 

Ave.  dutv  t>er  stamp,  tons.  .  . 

9.44 

TOTALS:  PRIOR  TO  1908  TO  1912  INCLUSIVE 


Tons 

Average  value 

Total  gross 

1,428,839 

$37.82 

$54,036,347 

TOTALS:  NOV.  1,  1908,  TO  DEC.  31,  1912 


Tons 

Ave.  recovered  per  ton 

Ave.  total  costs 

Ave.  net  per  ton 

1,207,681 

$28.85 

$8.32 

$20.53 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  362  and  399 


118 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


MONTANA-TONOPAH  MINING  CO. 
TONOPAH,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 
Year  Ended  Aug.  31 


Year  Ended  Aug.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production 

$779  732 

$659  912  26 

$650  405  11 

Expenses  . 

$502  054 

488  830  79 

515  689  71 

Profit. 

$277,678 

171  081  47 

134  715  40 

Mill: 
Tons  ore  milled  
Ave.  value  recovered.  .  .  . 

53,874 
$13  808 

59,092 
$12  66 

50,245 
$12  94 

Profit  per  ton  
Gross  val.  of  ore  
Val.  in  tails  
Mill  extraction,    per  cent  

$  5.15 
$15.341 
$  1.533 
90.0 

$  3.28 

$  1.35 

90  7 

$  2.68 
$15.22 
$   1.43 
90  8 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 

Mining 

$  2  976 

$  3  36 

3  414 

Development 

1  427 

1  55 

1  814 

Gen.  expense  
Shipping  and  selling  
Genl.  maintenance  
Milling  
Indirect  charges  

1.431 
1.776 
1.201 
2.96 
.548 

1.38 
3.09 

.543 
.054 
.296 
3.734 
.408 

Tons  concentrates 

$  9.319 
710  93 

$  9.38 

882  09 

$10.263 
1  076  6 

Gross  value  per  ton  
Pounds  bullion  shipped  ,  
Average  fineness,  gold  
Average  fineness,  silver  

$387.10 

$303.66 
39,028 

$253  .  52 
39,981 
11.6 
890.6 

10  076 

9  932 

902.2 
10  681 

Average  cost  per  ft 

$5  23 

$6  14 

$6  255 

Diamond  drill  cost  per  ft 

$3  95 

Mineral  cont   of  ore,  gold. 

206  oz 

Mineral  cont.  of  ore,  silver. 

21   139  oz 

Mineral  cont.  in  tails,  gold  
Mineral  cont.  in  tails,  silver  

.0146  oz. 
2.168  oz. 

Remarks.— The  mine  is  developed  by  shaft  to  depth  of  765  ft.  (1910).  The 
veins  are  fissures.  The  ore  is  quartz  carrying  gold  and  silver-bearing  pyrites; 
also,  native  gold  and  silver  sulphides.  The  mill  has  40  stamps.  Each 
stamp  has  a  capacity  of  3.92  tons  per  24  hours.  The  ore  is  concentrated, 
re-ground  in  tube  mills,  and  cyanided  by  agitation. 


NEVADA 


119 


NEVADA  HILLS  MINING  CO. 
FAIRVIEW,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


9  mo.,  1912 


19112 


$510,413  59 

$726,664.52 

4,165.56 

4,485.01 

Total 

$514,579.15 

$713,149.53 

$293,043 

Operating  expenses                             

337,613.31 

292,239.87 

Operating  profit  
Depreciation  fund  

$176,965.84 
195,000.00 

$438,909.66 
120,000.00 

$18  034  161 

$318,909.66 

Mill: 
Tons  milled           .  .                     

41,919 

29,976 

10,948 

Gross  value  per  ton  
Recovered  per  ton  
Ave.  mill  recy.,  per  cent  
Loss  in  tails  per  ton  

$13.776 
12.176 
88.3 
1.60 

$26.84 
24.24 
90.2 
$2.60 

$27.03 
24.02 
88.86 
3.01 

Costs  per  ton: 
Stoping 

\         $3  810 

$1  76 

1  71 

Development 

2  07 

2  30 

Moving  dump  ore 

12 

45 

Milling  

2  839 

3  07 

4  88 

Marketing  products  
General  expense  
Interest  
Bullion  tax  
Property  tax  

.598 
.795 

1.03 
.71 
.63 
.21 
.04 

1.31 
1.09 
1.41 
.15 
.04 

Miscl.  earnings 

$8  .  033 
099 

$9.64 
15 

$13.43 
06 

Current  construction  

$7.934 
.021 

$9.49 
.11 

$13.37 

Total  costs.  .  . 

$7.955 

$9  60 

Operating  profit  per  ton  

4.221 

14  64 

10  65 

Depreciation  

4.652 

4.00 

Net  profit  per  ton  
Development  

.4311 

$10.64 
5,866  ft. 

1  Loss. 

2  Period  Sept.  10,  1911,  to  Jan.  13,  1912.     Milling  operations  did  not  commence  until 
Sept.,  1911. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  362 


120 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


TONOPAH-BELMONT  DEVELOPMENT  CO. 
TONOPAH,  NEVADA 


Year  Ended  Feb.  28 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Revenue  
Expenses  

$2,940,612 
1,160,912 
1,779  700 

$3,271,588 
1,469,507 
1  802,080 

$2,831,727 

Mill: 

Tons  ore  milled  * 
Average  assay  value  
Tons  ore  shipped  to  smelter  
Average  assay  value  
Total  tons  treated  
Average  assay  value  
Average  value  recovered  
Mill  tail  loss  per  ton  

127,920 
$24.21 
562 
$70.71 
129,537 
$24.34 
22.70 
$1  47 

87,952 
$20.84 
27,611 
$61.35 
115,563 
$30.51 
28.31 
$1.54 

59,159 
$27.58 
21,907 
$54.76 
81,066 
$34.93 

Smelting  loss;  concentrates  and  slags  
Smelting  loss*  ore  shipped 

.18 
$4   12 

.23 

$3  60 

Total  treatment  loss 

$1   64 

$2.20 

New  mill  recovery,  per  cent 

94  43 

Old  mill  recovery,  per  cent  
Mine  development,  feet  

Costs  per  ton  treated  : 

Mining  
Development  

92.94 
12,513 

$3.25 

.87 
28 

92.54 

$3.94 
.78 
2.12 

89.4 
$6.145 

Milling 

2  96 

3.13 

4.086 

Marketing  products  
General  expense 

-.49 
1.11 

1.03 
1.28 

3.03 

Total  operating  expense  
Operating  profit  per  ton  

$8.96 
13.74 

$12.28 
16.03 

$13.261 

The  company  will  ship  very  little  high-grade  ore  to  the  smelters  in  the 
future.     A  material  saving  is  expected  from  the  direct  treatment  at  the  mill. 
Some  interesting  mill  data  for  1913  is  as  follows: 

|   Average  stamps   f  Duty  per  stamp  J    Power   per   ton 


New  mill  
Old  mill  

51.9 
36.0 

7  .  5  tons 
4.2  tons 

.586  h.p. 

Year  ending  Feb.  28,  1914.  Revenue,  $3,416,976.  Profit,  $2,006,091. 
Tons  milled,  172,398.  Value,  $21.07.  Recovered,  $19.79.  New  Mill  rec., 
94.45  per  cent.  Cost  per  ton  treated:  Min.,  $3.01;  Dev.,  $1.10;  Mill,  $2.55; 
Markt.  prod.,  $.43;  Genl.,  $1.07;  Total,  $8.17.  Profit  per  ton,  $11.62. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  362 


NEVADA 


121 


TONOPAH  EXTENSION  MINING  CO. 
TONOPAH,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Mar.   31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


$724,873 

$590,418 

$501,322 

487,449 

417,409 

320,202 

Profit                               

$237,423 

$173,008 

$181,120 

Net  profit  after  all  expenditures1.  .  .'  
Production  : 

$236,292 
890,764 

$115,912 
759,382 

$131,800 

9  199 

8414 

Mill: 

54,618 

50,900 

44,524* 

Gold  contents  
Silver  contents        

957,674 
9,758 

848,407 
9,011 

0  179  oz. 

0.177  oz. 

17.534  oz. 

16.667  oz. 

$14.469 

$12.80 

12.96 

54,618 

50,900 

44,524 

Mill  extraction,   per  cent  

Costs  per  ton  : 
Mining  and  development  

93.33 
$5.331 

90.61 

$4  .  725 

90.67 
$3.541 

Milling             

3.290 

3.247 

3.65O 

.964 

1.200 

1.210 

.233 

.227 

.491 

Total  cost  
Profit  per  ton       

$9.818 
$4.651 

$9.399 
$3.401 

$8.892 

$4  .  068 

Stamp  duty       

5.18 

4.83 

Development  

11,172 

10,156 

5,637 

Price  silver,   cents  

61.448 

54.844 

53.725 

1  Allows  for  bond  interest  and  all  expenses. 

2  Of  this  10,053  came  from  the  dumps. 

Note. — These  costs  do  not  include  administration  costs  and  bond 
interest,  etc.,  handled  through  the  New  York  office. 

Remarks: — The  mine  is  operated  by  shaft  to  a  depth  of  about  1000  ft. 
The  veins  vary  in  width  and  value.  They  are  fissures  in  andesite.  The 
values  are  silver  and  gold,  mainly  the  former  metal.  A  30  stamp  mill 
was  installed  in  1910.  The  ore  is  treated  by  cyanide  solution  in  agita- 
tion tanks. 


122 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


WEST  END  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 
TONOPAH,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Mar.  31 

1913         | 

Year  Ended  Mar.  31 

1913 

Profit  mining  operations  
Earnings   of  Nevada    Milling 
Co. 
Miscellaneous  earnings  

$179,599 
152,787 

461 

Gold  content,  ounces  
Silver  content,  ounces  
Gross  value  per  ton  
Gross  value  recovered  

9,357 
933,372 
$17.09 
15.44 

I       CK 

Net  profit 

$332  817 

8  817 

Tons  ore  and  waste  mined.  .  .  . 

Shipped  (tons)  : 
To  smelter1  
To  mill*  

Total  tons  shipped  

Smelter  : 
Gross  value 

75,352 

129 
44,511 

44,640 
$11  792 

1  Recovery,  silver,   ounces... 
Extraction,  gold,  per  cent.. 
Extraction,  silver,  per  cent. 

There  was  obtained  from  the 
metallic  contents  of  the  ore  : 
By  cyanidation,  per  cent.  .  . 
By  concentration,  per  cent. 
Loss  in  tailings,  per  cent.  .  . 
Net  profit  from  milling.  . 

830,893 
94.24 
89.02 

Gold     Silver 

87.38     73.49 
6.85     15.53 
5.77     10.98 
$152,787 

Value  per  ton 

$91  41 

Cost  per  ton  : 

Freight  and  treatment  

21.99 

Mining  (direct)  

$3  .  608 

554 

Total.. 

$69  42 

Total  mining 

4  162 

Mining  expenses 

4  24 

Milling   (direct) 

3  288 

Milling   (indirect) 

341 

P    fit 

$65  18 

Total  profit  

Mill: 
Gross  value  
Value  per  ton  
Frt.  and  treatment  

$8407. 

$759,084 
$17.05 
9.04 

Total  milling  

Costs  and  profit,  all  ore,  per 
ton: 
Gross  value  ore  shipped  .  .  . 
Freight  and  treatment  cost 

$3  .  629 

$17.27 
9.09 

Total 

8  01 

8  18 

Mining  expense 

4  16 

4.16 

Profit  per  ton 

$3  85 

Mining  profit 

$4  02 

Total  profit  

Operations  of  Milling  Co.  : 
Tonsore  treated,  dry  

$171,191 
44,756 

General  : 
Stamp  duty.tons  per  day  .  . 

6.12 

See  also  Appendix,  page  363 


NEVADA 


123 


TONOPAH  MINING  COMPANY 
TONOPAH,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Feb.  28 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gross  production  

$3,148,668 

$3,503,255.21 

$3,906,835.10 

$3,478,021.82 

Ounces  silver  produced  

3,367,958 

4,120,832 

4,702,765 

4,270,069 

Grade  ore,  silver,  ounces.  .  .  . 

21.75 

26.05 

28.65 

28.05 

Grade  ore,  gold,  ounces  

.23 

.286 

.320 

.313 

Total  net  earnings  and  in- 

$1,586,313 

$1,763,018 

$2,011,422 

$1,639,602 

come,  i 

Mill  :  Tons  ore  milled  

173,336 

174,685 

177,745 

166,174 

Average  assay  value  

18.16 

$19.97 

$21.98 

$20.93 

Mill  extraction,  per  cent.  . 

89.34 

90.56 

92.4 

91.7 

Costs  per  ton  : 

Mining  and  development.. 

$3.27 

$3.71 

$3.95 

$4.17 

Milling 

2.67 

2.74 

2.94 

3.18 

Mill  loss 

1.85 

1.89 

1.82 

1.78 

Freight  on  ore 

.74 

.72 

.63 

.60 

Marketing  product  

.51 

.57 

.73 

.78 

$9.04 

$9.63 

$10.07 

$10.51 

Profit  per  ton  

$9.12 

$10.34 

$11.91 

$10.42 

1  Represents  combined  earnings  of  Tonopah  Mining  Co.  of  Nevada  and  Desert  Power  and 
Milling  Co. 

Year  ending  Feb.  28,  1914.  Gross  prod.,  $2,918,417.  Grade  silver,  21.61  oz.  Grade 
gold,  oz.  .247.  Net  earn.,  $1,363,441.  Tons  milled,  163,389.  Av.  value,  $17.79.  Rec.  per 
cent.,  87.52.  Costs:  Min.  and  dev.,  $3.28;  Mill.,  $2.81;  Mill  loss,  $1.96;  Frt.,  $.74; 
Markt.,  $.58;  Total,  $9.37.  Profit,  $8.42 

See  also  Appendix,  page  363 

PITTSBURGH  SILVER  PEAK  MINING  CO. 

BLAIE,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 

The  following  on  the  Pittsburgh  Silver  Peak  has  been  taken  from  the 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  and  issued  with  their  permission.  The  data 
is  taken  from  articles  by  Edmund  Juessen,  S.  J.  Kidder  and  Henry  Hansom. 
Below  are  given  the  costs  obtained  for  three  months  of  the  years  1910  and 


1909: 


TOTAL  COSTS 


Classification 

Labor 

Material 

Total 

Average  cost  per  ton  for 
the  months  of 

Dec.,  10    Nov.,  10  Dec.,  09 

Mining  
Development  
Crushing  
Tramming 

$9,293.10 
3,156.43 
743.92 
1,337.98 
2,297.02 
2,579.24 
334  .  64 
415.00 

2,548.94 
2,548.94 
413.26 
1,233.15 
5,342.52 
4,365.05 
271.42 
471.85 

$14,716.38 
5,706.37 
1,157.18 
2,571.13 
7,639.54 
6,044  .  27 
606.06 
886.85 

$.951 
.369 
.075 
.166 
.496 
.451 
.039 
.057 

$.997 
.369 
.079 
.216 
.520 
.429 
.043 
.038 

$1.250 
.399 
.065 
.227 
.572 
.580 
.071 
.066 

Milling  
Cyaniding  
Assaying  
Refining  

$20,157.33 

$20,070.45 

$40,227.78 

$2.604 

$2.628 

$3.240 

124 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


PITTSBURGH  SILVER  PEAK  MINING  CO.— Continued 


Milling  cost 


1911 


Stamping 

Amalgamating 

Neutralizing  and  settling 

Leaching  and  sluicing 

Filtering  and  pressing 

Precipitating 

Refining 

Assaying 

Water  service 

Heating 

Superintendent  and  foreman 

Total  direct  operating 

Pro.-general 

Suspense  account 

Total  operating 

Operating  results                                    |  1911 

Running  time,  per  cent 96.2 

Stamp  duty,  tons  per  24  hours 4.32 

Average  tons  milled  per  month 15,170 

Value  per  ton  milled $5.437 

Cost  per  ton  milled: 

Labor .377 

Supplies .  447 

Power .186 

Total $1.040 

Leaching  sand: 

Recovery,  per  cent 75.9 

Sand  heads $3. 154 

Sand  residues .  760 

Filter  pressing  slimes : 

Recovery,  per  cent 92 . 2 

Slime  heads $1 . 546 

Slime  residues .121 

Recovery: 

Amalgamation 53 . 36 

Cyanidation,  per  cent 37.14 

Total,  per  cent 90.50 


$.298 
.047 
.074 
.145 
.104 
.036 
.048 
.033 
.070 
.007 
.053 


.915 
.079 
.046 


$1.040 


1910 


4.20 
14,468 
$5.237 

.338 
.557 
.167 


$1.062 


70.4 
$2.660 
.788 


88.5 
$1.543 
.176 


53.6 
31.3 
84.9 


See  also  Appendix,  page  363 


NEVADA 


125 


GIROUX  CONSOLDIATED  MINES  CO. 

ELY,  NEVADA 
(Taken  over  by  Consolidated  Copper  Mines  Co.) 

Year  Ending  Dec.  31.  1912. 
Production : 

Total  prod,  copper,  pounds 3,817,083 

Total  gold,  ounces 1,232 

Total  silver,  ounces 3,031 

Profit  during  August,  September  and  December $150,000 

Cost  per  pound  excl.  extraordinary  dev.  and  construct 10.8>£ 

The  company  gives  the  following  in  the  annual  report : 
CONCENTRATION  AND  RECOVERY 


Per 

Per 

Dry  tons 

Per 

cent. 

Net  Ib. 

Net  oz. 

Net  oz. 

cent, 
moisture 

concen- 
trated 

cent, 
copper 

recovery 
on 

copper 

gold 

silver 

copper 

Total1           

...  4  .  62 

133,933 

1.975 

71.1 

3,768,521 

1,214.065 

2,862.13 

Smelting  ore: 

Taylor  ore,  Steptoe. 

5.95 

179.626 

4.27 

95.00 

14,573 

17.962 

167.05 

Alr^Vio    nrp     ^fpr*tnp 

10  00 

78  276 

9  38 

95  00 

13  951 

Alpha  ore,  Interna  - 

10.30 

152.090 

8.16 

90.00 

20.038 



2.46 

tional. 

Grand  total  

3,817,083 

1,232.027 

3,031.64 

1  Produced  in  months  of  June,  July,  August,  September  and  December. 
November  operations  were  tied  up  owing  to  labour  strike. 


In  October  and 


Shipments  of  Concentrating  Ore  (May  to  Dec.  Incl.). — Shipments  were 
started  May  1,  1912,  to  the  Concentratdr  of  the  Steptoe  Valley  Smelting 
and  Mining  Co.  of  McGill,  Nevada  (Nevada  Consolidated  plant)  and 
production  was  gradually  increased  until  the  maximum  of  1200  tons  per 
day  was  obtained.  Total  tons,  140,877;  copper,  2.15  per  cent. 


SHIPMENTS  OF  SMELTING  ORE 
To  Steptoe  Smelter,  McGill,  Nevada: 

179.626  tons  Taylor  ore 4.27  per  cent,  copper.     10  oz.  gold. 

78.276  tons  Alpha  ore 9.38  per  cent,  copper. 

To  International  Smelter,  Tooele,  Utah: 

152.09  tons  Alpha  ore 8. 16  per  cent,  copper. 

TOTAL  SHIPMENTS 

Concentrating  ore 140,877  tons. 

Smelting  ore 410  tons. 


oz.  silver. 


Total .  . 


141,287  tons. 


126  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

As  August,  September  and  December  were  the  only  months  in  which 
production  came  entirely  from  underground  mining  and  not  from  the  stock- 
piles these  are  the  only  months  on  which  any  estimate  of  cost  can  be  made. 

Cost  Per  Ton. — No  data  is  given  on  costs  per  ton  noi  is  it  possible  to  com- 
pute same.  Mining  costs  were  probably  very  high  owing  to  the  fact  that 
in  starting  the  mining  system  square-setting  was  employed  The  freight 
from  the  mine  to  the  Steptoe  plant  25  miles  distance  amounted  to  25 i  per 
ton.  Development  amounted  to  18,333  ft.  in  1912. 

Remarks. — Company  owns  two  mines —  a  low-grade  disseminated  copper 
property  and  a  mine  containing  high-grade  smelting  ore  situated  on  the  lime 
porphyry  contact.  The  latter  property  is  developed  to  1400  ft.  It  is  not 
yet  producing.  The  porphyry  mine  operated  in  1912.  We  have  given 
above  the  results  obtained  at  this  property. 

The  Giroux  porphyry  ore  is  practically  the  same  as  that  of  the  adjoining 
Nevada  Consolidated,  both  mines  being  located  on  the  same  porphyry  belt. 
The  ore-body  at  the  Giroux  mine,  however,  has  not  been  worked  by 
steam-shovel,  owing  to  the  excessive  thickness  of  overburden. 

The  Company's  contract  with  the  Nevada  Consolidated  (Steptoe  Valley 
Mining  &  Smelting  Co.)  covers  a  period  of  five  years,  commencing  May  1, 
1912,  and  provides  for  the  treatment  of  from  900  to  1200  tons  a  day.  The 
contract  refers  to  the  ore  in  the  Morris  Bunker  Hill  section.  This  con- 
tract was  discontinued  during  1914. 

The  ore  reserves  in  this  portion  of  the  property  are  placed  at  4,010,000 
tons,  averaging  2.14  per  cent,  copper,  in  addition  to  which  there  are  several 
million  tons  of  an  average  of  at  least  1.73  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Giroux  management  estimates  under  the  contract  given  above1 — 
whereby  the  Steptoe  Company  receives  the  ores  at  the  Giroux  mine,  trans- 
ports them  25  miles  to  the  reduction  works  where  they  are  concentrated, 
then  smelted,  shipped  as  blister  copper  to  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  and  re- 
fined— that  the  cost  of  refined  copper  per  pound  will  be  about  9^. 

In  the  summer  of  1913  the  Giroux  property  was  taken  over  by  the  Consoli- 
dated Copper  Mines  Co. 


NEVADA 


127 


NEVADA  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  COMPANY 
ELY,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended 

Dec.  31, 
1913 

Dec.  31, 
1912 

15  mo,  ended 
Dec.  31, 
1911 

Year  ended 
Sept.  30, 
1910 

First  year 
operating, 
1909 

Production  : 

Pounds  copper  

64,972,829 
$9,667,506 
557,987 

63,063,261 
$10,076,872 
521,278 

78,541,270 
$9,818,262 
595,185 

62,772,342 
$8,008,146 
472,982 

34,527,823 
Not  available 
Not  available 

Value  copper  

Gold  and  silver  
Total  receipts     . 

10,225,493 
8,212,050 

$10,598,150 
7,316,231 

$10,413,447 
7,693,492 

$8,481,129 
6,135,747 

Not  available 
Not  available 

Total  expense  

Net  operating  profit.  .  . 
Miscellaneous  income. 

Total  income  

$2,013,443 
1,476,443 

$3,281,919 
1,541,920 

$2,719,955 
1,624,162 

$2,345,382 
1,263,925 

$1,646,062 
590,599 

$3,483,886 

3,139,137 
1.599 

68.52 

6.94 
.013 
.034 

43.87 
57.83 

12.32f< 
7.61 

14.879jf 
on: 
$.1775 

om  financial 
$.526 
.269 
.536 
.583 
.306 
.031 

$4,823,839 

2,852,515 
1.692 

68.25 

9.09 
.016 
.049 
45.84 
50.11 

16.48f< 
10.49 
15.979)5 
$.1735 

.15 
.30 
.22 
statements). 
$.503 
.267 
.496 
.52 
.322 
.036 

$4,344,117 

3,338,242 

1.80 

67.59 

11.34 
.013 
.079 
57.72 
45.92 

17.35^ 
13.80 
12.50)5 
$.157 
.15 

$3,609,307 

2,237,028 
2.06 

69.59 

10.6 
.0181 
.0879 
49.78 
48.36 

21.14)5 
15.21 

12.75)! 
$.154 
.150 

$2,236,661 

1,065,387 
2.34 

70.73 

10  .  04  to  1 
.019 
.072 
55.26 
56.62 

23.12)5 
16.62 

Ore: 

Dry  tons  treated       .  . 

Average  copper  assay, 
per  cent. 
Per  cent,  extract,  cop- 
per. 
Ratio  concentration.  .  . 
Assay  gold,  ounces.  .  .  . 
Assay  silver,  ounces.  .  . 
Per  cent,  extract,  gold  . 
Per    cent,    extraction 
silver. 
Average  recovered,  per 
ton. 
Average  copper  in  con- 
centrates. 
Price  of  copper  
Miscellaneous  costs  per  t 
Mining  per  ton1 
(steam-shovel)  . 
Stripping  Eureka  
Stripping  Hecla 

$.153 
.435  cu.  yd. 

Stripping  Liberty  
Cost  per  ton  (calculated  fr 
Min.<  and  strip  
Freight  on  ore  
Milling 

.22 

$.324 
.268 
.458 
.445 
.343 
.029 

$.323 
.268 
.617 
.594 
.44 
.0365 

.303 

Not  available 
Not  available 
Not  available 
Not  available 
Not  available 

Smelting  . 

Frt.  and  ref 

Selling  commission.  .  .  . 
Total  operating  exp. 

$2.251 

$2.144 

$1.867 

$2.278 

128 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Year  ended 

Dec  31, 
1913 

Dec.  31, 
1912 

15  mo.  ended 
Dec.  31, 
1911 

Year  ended 
Sept.  30, 
1910 

First  year 
operating, 
1909 

Rent  mill  and  smelting 
incl.  depreciation. 

Cost  per  pound  (as  given 
Total  cost  per  pound.  . 
Cost  including  fund  to 
cover  improvements 
and  deprec.  and  de- 
ducting miscl.  earn- 
ings. 
Miscellaneous  costs: 
Stripping  cost  per  yd. 
Frt.  on  ore  per  ton  wet. 

.422 

8.86?; 
8.33?i 

33.64?; 
25.  Oi 

.44 

7.17* 

6.97?! 

.465 

7.37?5 
7.05?; 

40.60?! 
25.0 

Not  available 

7.47?; 

7.14?; 

in  report)  : 
9.99?< 
9.51?; 

26.  72  dry 

Total  stripping 
Stripping  done  i 
Veteran  Mine2  f 
Grade  ore,  per  c 

ione  to  Jan.  1,  1914,  cubic  yards  
n  1913,  cubic  yards  
>roduction  

11,872,320 
3,100,661 
258,896 
2.588 

ent.  .  . 

1  Includes  charges  of  every  description  such  as  labor,  supplies,  repairs,    management 
taxes,  proportion  general  and  New  York  expenses. 

2  This  ore-body  is  worked  underground  by  slicing.     Operating  this  property  in  1912  and 
1913  had  a  decided  effect  in  raising  the  cost  for  the  year.     Tha  cost  in  1913  was  $2.00  per 
ton. 

Remarks. — Mines  are  located  on  branch  from  through  trunk  line.     Com- 
pany owns  three  mines1 — the  most  important  is  a  steam-shovel  property. 
The  other  two  are  underground  mines.     Operations  to  date  have  been 
principally  on  steam-shovel  property. 

The  formation  is  monzonite  porphyry.  Ore  is  secondary  chalcocite 
disseminated  through  rock.  The  main  shovel  pit  is  2000  ft.  in  length  by 
1800  ft.  in  width.  Average  thickness  underlying  ore  250  ft.  In  the  steam- 
shovel  pit,  shovels  dump  ore  directly  into  standard  gauge  cars  which  are 
hauled  to  reduction  plant  25  miles  distant  over  company's  railroad. 

At  the  underground  mines  only  a  small  amount  of  ore  has  been  extracted 
and  costs  given  represent  steam-shovel  operations.  The  grade  of  the  under- 
ground ore  is  2|  to  3^  per  cent.  The  ores  are  mined  by  one  of  the  caving 
methods. 

The  ore  reserves  Dec.  31-13  were  39,108,590  tons  assaying  1.65  per 
cent  copper. 

Company  owns  10,000-ton  concentrator  and  smelter.  The  method  of 
treatment  is  concentration  and  smelting  of  concentrates.  Concentrates 
are  roasted  in  McDougal  furnaces.  No  direct  smelting  is  done.  A  40  per 
cent,  matte  is  made.  Company  adopted  oil  for  fuel  in  1912  in  reverberatory 


NEVADA 


129 


furnaces.     Smelter  has  converter  department.     Blister  copper  is  shipped 
to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  364 

CHURN  DRILL  COSTS,  ELY,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Hole 

Depth,  ft. 

Total  cost 

Cost  per 
ft. 

Remarks 

1 

525 

$588.00 

$1.12 

2 

470 

507.60 

1.08 

3 

510 

499.80 

0.98 

4 

615 

738.00 

1.20 

5 

620 

812.20 

1.31 

6 

450 

288.00 

0.64 

Fine  drilling  ground;  no  trouble. 

7 

575 

304  .  75 

0.53 

Ideal  conditions;  no  casing  needed. 

8 

300 

330.00 

1.10 

9 

285 

227.55 

0.80 

10 

555 

530.91 

0.95 

11 

505 

726.43 

1.44 

Lost  tools  in  hole;  heavy  supply  exp. 

12 

620 

865.32 

1.38 

13 

705 

1072.98 

1.52 

14 

505 

933.80 

1.85 

15 

600 

732.90 

1.22 

16 

570 

741.32 

1.30 

Very  cold  weather,  water  freezing,  etc. 

17 

155 

152.87 

0.98 

18 

145 

161.20 

1.11 

Totals. 

8710 

$10,213.63 

$1.17 

Average. 

ITEMIZED  COSTS,  DRILL  HOLES,  ELY  DISTRICT 


Hole  11  Hole  13 


Hole  15 


Wages  : 
Runner  $5  for  12  hours 

$127  70 

$267  50 

$152  50 

Helper  $4  for  12  hours 

101   14 

215  70 

120  00 

Roustabout  $3  for  10  hours 

65  52 

108  15 

70  70 

Fuel: 

Wood  at  $2.50  per  cord  

110  25 

100  00 

Coal  at  $5  .  75  per  ton  

51  75 

Water  : 

$1  per  thousand  gal 

15  69 

28  40 

22  50 

Teaming 

34  63 

35  80 

41  45 

Miscellaneous  supplies 

39  57 

38  60 

Casing             1 
Equipment    / 
Assaying  and  surveying  and  sampling.  ...  1 
Entire    time    of    mine    engineer    $125    per  > 
month     J 

115.72 
116.20 

f  67.83  \ 
\82.80J 

128.20 

139.88 
104.10 

Total  N  
Cost  per  foot  

$726.43 
$1.44 

$1072.98 
$1.52 

$732.90 
$1.22 

See  also  Appendix,  page  364 


130  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

MASON  VALLEY  MINES  COMPANY 
MINE,  MASON,  NEVADA;  SMELTER,  THOMPSON,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 

The  following  costs  are  representative  of  the  Mason  or  Yerington  District,  Nevada. 

Average  copper  contents,  per  cent 3.1 

Recovery  in  smelting,  per  cent 2.7 

Per  cent,  recovery  (approximate) 87 

Pounds  copper  recovered  per  ton 54 

Period  year:  1912. 

Tons  mined 98,798 

Tons  smelted 241,871 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining $1 . 56 

Freight 45 

Smelting 2.52 

Total $4.53 

Mining  and  smelting  costs  given  do  not  include  any  allowance  for  de- 
preciation or  interest  charges. 

Frt.  converting,  refining  and  marketing  at  3ff  a  pound,  say  54 

pounds 1 . 62 


Total $6.15 

Cost  per  pound  of  copper 11 .4ff 

These  figures  represent  the  cost  of  producing  copper  from  the  company's 
mine  only.  The  average  assay  of  the  ore  shipments  was  considerably  re- 
duced on  account  of  having  included  a  large  quantity  of  low-grade  ore  which 
is  desirable  in  smelting  custom  ore.  The  figures  given  therefore  indicate 
a  higher  cost  per  pound  of  copper  than  would  be  shown  were  these  low-grade 
ores  not  included. 

The  Mason  Valley  Mines  Co.  is  now  operating  a  2000-ton  smelter  which 
not  only  treats  the  ores  of  the  Mason  Valley  mine,  but  also  does  a  custom 
smelting  business.  Operations  did  not  begin  until  January,  1912. 

The  ores  of  Mason  Valley  property  are  of  the  contact  type.  They  are 
not  adapted  to  concentration  owing  to  the  garnet  epidote  minerals  which 
they  contain.  The  copper  generally  occurs  as  chalcopyrite.  The  ore  occurs 
in  big  bodies  varying  up  to  40  ft.  in  width,  several  hundred  feet  in  length. 
The  dip  is  nearly  vertical.  The  composition  of  the  Mason  Valley  ore  is  as 
follows,  approximately:  Cu,  3  per  cent.;  Fe,  18  per  cent.;  Si02,  32  per  cent.; 
CaO,  21  per  cent.;  S,  8  per  cent. 

The  method  of  working  is  by  shrinkage  stope.  The  property  is  developed 
by  several  tunnels  and  all  ore  is  dropped  by  gravity  to  the  main  haulage 
level.  An  aerial  tramway  1£  miles  long  transports  the  ore  to  the  Copper 
Belt  Railway  which  hauls  it  to  the  smelter  at  Wabuska,  16  miles  distant. 


NEVADA  131 

NEVADA-DOUGLAS  COPPER  CO. 
MASON,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 

Period  Jan.  to  Aug.  inclusive,  1912 
Production : 

Copper  produced,  pounds 6,054,990 

Gross  value $832,778.33 

Deduct: 

Treatment $237,907.24 

Freight $134,138.80  $372,046.04 

Net  value $460,732.29 

Operating  expense : 

76,525  tons  @  $3.08 $235,697.00 

Net  profit $225,035. 29 

Mine: 

Tons  mined,  wet  weight. 76,525 

Tons  mined,  dry  weight 73,127 

Average  assay  copper  % 4.43 

Cost  per  ton,  mined  dry $3 . 24 

Cost  per  ton,  mined  wet $3 . 08 

Costs  per  wet  ton : 

Breaking  ore $.907 

Tramming  and  mucking .  243 

Timbering .245 

Power  for  machines .  0707 

Drill  repairs  and  steel .0571 

Hoisting : .  0590 

Air .  .0243 

Loading  railroad  cars .  0579 

Development .  773 

Maintenance .125 

General  expense .518 

Total .••:=.,-.  $3.080 

Average  value  per  ton : 

Gross  value $11.38 

Treatment 4.49 

Freight .61 

Net  value $6.28 

Operating  expenses : 

76,525  tons  at  $3.08 $235,697.00 

73,127  tons  at  $4.49 328,340.23 

76,525  tons  at  $   . 61 46,680. 25 

$610,717.48 
Cost  per  pound : 

Total  cost  per  pound,  cents 10 . 09 

See  also  Appendix,  page  364 


132 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


YELLOW  PINE  MINING  CO. 

JEAN,  CLARK  COUNTY,  NEVADA,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31. 


1912 


Total  receipts 

Operating  expenses. 

Net  profits 


Mine  production,  tons 

Of  which  there  were  milled 

Of  which  there  were  shipped 

Contents  mill  ore : 

Per  cent,   lead 

Per  cent,   zinc 

Ounces,  silver 

Lead  concentrates  produced,  tons 

Per  cent,  lead  of  concentrates 

Per  cent,    zinc  of  concentrates 

Ounces  silver  of  concentrates 

Price  received  for  lead  concentrate  at  Salt  Lake  smelters  after 

deducting  freight  and  treatment. 
Per  ton. . . 


Zinc  product,  tons 

Per  cent,  zinc 

Ounces  silver 

Per  cent.   lead. .  . 


Price  received  at  smelter  after  deducting  freight  of  $8 

Per  ton 

Net  receipts  per  ton 

Profit  per  ton 


$371,975 
143,840 


$228,135 

20,082 

19,463 

518 


15.51 
30.2 
10.83 
3,270 
57.6 
11.0 
36.0 
$160,977 

$49 . 20 

16,811 

34.2 

5.0 

6.0 

$200,998 
$12.00 
18.50 
11.33 


COST  PER  TON 

The  total  cost  of  mining,  milling  and  marketing  a  ton  of  ore  was  $7.07 
distributed  as  follows: 

Assessment  and  property  patent $ .  05 

Construction.. 85 

Transportation 60 

Taxes 17 

Assaying 1 . 98 

Stoping 55 

Timbering 26 

Development 26 

Loading  at  Jean 20 

Milling 2.15 


Total.. 


$7.07 


See  also  Appendix,  page  365. 


NEW  MEXICO 


CHINO  COPPER  CO. 
SANTA  RITA,  NEW  MEXICO,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


Production  : 

Net  pounds                    .                                                           .... 

50,511,661 

27,776,088 

Income  : 
Gross  income  

$7,621,419 

$4,344,261 

Operating  expenses  

4,431,126 

2,132,092 

Net  operating  profit 

$3,190,293 

$2,212,169 

Total  after  miscellaneous  income 

3,327,828 

2,337,302 

Net  after  bond  interest 

3,234,033 

$2,176,904 

Mine  and  Mill  : 
Total  material  moved  cu.  yds  
Of  which  waste  was  cu.  yds  
Of  which  ore  mined  was  tons  
Tons  treated  mill  tons  

4,033,832 
3,082,174 
1,976,572 
1,942,700 

2,850,454 
2,223,678 
1,301,463 
1,120,375 

Per  cent   copper 

2  033 

2.077 

Recovery  concentration,  per  cent 

67  31 

61.63 

Recovery  concentration,  pounds 

27  37 

25.68 

Total  copper  in  cone  
Copper  in  shipping  ore                   ....         

53,170,145 

28,684,208 
553,75 

Total  gross  copper,  pounds  
Grade  concentrate,  per  cent  
Ratio  concentration  
Price  received  for  metal,  cents  

53,170,145 
14.518 
10.61  to  1 
15.322 

29,237,966 
21.2 
16.  56  into  1 
15.64 

Cost  per  ton  :     (Calculated  from  financial  statements  :) 
Stripping  

$  30 

$.257 

Mining  and  milling  
Treatment,  ref.  and  freight  
Selling.  .  

.842 
1.10 
.04 

.767 
.840 
.039 

Total  

$2  28 

$1  903 

Cost  per  pound  copper  :     (As  given  in  report  :) 
Concentrating  ore  

8  787  1 

7.69f4 

Crude  ore  shipments  .  .    . 

6.98f! 

Total  credit  miscellaneous  earnings  
Miscellaneous  costs  : 
Average  cost  steam-shoveling  per  yard1  

8.49 
36.77»< 

7.23£ 
29.14^ 

Average  cost  steam-shoveling  per  ton  

14.03^ 

Waste  alone  per  yard  . 

33  43  1 

27.61(5 

Waste  alone  per  ton  

16jf 

13.29j< 

Ore  production  alone  per  ton  
Milling  cost  per  ton  

23.13 
61.08jf 

16.52(< 

58.57(5 

1  Includes  prop,  charges    every    nature.     Note. — Since    beginning  of  second  quarter  of 
year  30  cents  a  ton  has  been  charged  to  cover  stripping  expense. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  365. 

133 


SOUTH  DAKOTA 

HOMESTAKE  MINING  CO. 
LEAD,  So.  DAKOTA 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production 

$6  186  651 

$6  600  953 

$5,251,453 

$6,623,780 

Miscellaneous  earnings 

132  717 

189,943 

123,611 

Total  

$6  319  368 

$6  790,896 

$5,375,064 

Expenses  (calculated) 

$4  200,853 

$4,074,579 

$3,945,663 

Profit  (calculated)     ... 

$2  118,515 

$2,716,317 

$1,429,401 

Milling  :     Tons  ore  milled       .  . 

1,540,961 

1,528,923 

1,468,263 

1,824,623 

Average  value  recovered              .    . 

$4  0148 

$4.3174 

$3  .  5766 

$3.6357 

Profit  per  ton  

$1.4674 

$1  6528 

$.8893 

$.7637 

Costs  per  ton  :    Mining  

$1  .  6728 

$1.7355 

$1.8570 

$1.738 

Cyaniding  
Regrinding  

.1042 
.0097 

.1268 
.0208 

.1390 
.0142 

.148 
.015 

Milling  

.3728 

.3080 

.2797 

.219 

Slimes  treatment  

.0862 

.1034 

.1056 

.126 

3017 

3705 

2910 

.626 

Total  operations 

$2  5474 

$2  6650 

$2  6873 

$2  .  872 

Spearfish  electric  constr    and  opera- 

1639 

tion. 

1784 

1 

$2.7258 

$2.8289 

See  also  Appendix,  page  366 

WASP  NO.  2  MINING  CO. 
LEAD,  SOUTH  DEKOTA 


Year  ending  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


Production  gold   ounce 

9,708  927 

Production  Ag   ounce 

31,510.74 

Metal  value 

$219,334.64 

$279,265  .  68 

Operating  expenses 

167,392.03 

195,851.56 

Operating  profit 

52,942.61 

83,414.12 

Milling  data  :     Tons  ore  milled 

127,680 

158,800 

Gross  value  gold                                                

$2.0306 

$2.3376 

Net  value  recovered  gold                      .    .        

1  .  5248 

1  .  7586 

Value  in  mill  tails  gold       

.5058 

.579 

Calculated  extraction  per  cent   gold         

75.09 

75.23 

77  39 

6250 

.4165 

.2085 

33  36 

Actual  extract,  per  cent  

39.48 

134 


SOUTH  DAKOTA 


135 


WASP  NO.  2  MINING  CO.— Continued 


Year  ending  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


Costs  per  ton  : 
Mining: 
Coal        " 

$0  0081 

$0  0085 

Labor 

.2965 

2746 

.1404 

.1405 

.0409 

.0432 

.0155 

0062 

0720 

0403 

Stable                                                      

.0194 

0138 

Assay  office                                                   

0049 

0196 

0158 

Power.                                           

0199 

0181 

Tools 

0040 

0012 

$0  6363 

$0  5671 

Milling: 
Labor  

4 

$0  2022 

$0.2057 

0809 

0600 

0902 

0910 

Coal 

0087 

0085 

Cyanide 

0782 

0806 

Expense 

0087 

0062 

Stable 

0090 

Assay  office 

0106 

0069 

Superintendent 

0196 

0158 

Lime  

0077 

0136 

Cleanup  . 

0087 

Zinc  

0332 

0364 

Power  

0905 

0828 

Tools  

0013 

Milling  total  

$0  6305 

$0  6265 

Forward,  mining  total  

$0  6363 

$0  5671 

Forward,  milling  total  

0  6305 

0.6265 

General  expense  : 
Surveying  

$0  0012 

Repairs,  buildings 

0006 

Bullion  expense 

0074 

0119 

Insurance  

0207 

0161 

Taxes  

0140 

0113 

Interest  and  exchange         

0003 

0008 

General  total  

$0  0442 

$0  0401 

Total  expense  

$1.3110 

$1.2337 

See  also  Appendix,  page  367 


TENNESSEE 

TENNESSEE  COPPER  CO. 
COPPERHILL,  TENN.,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  Dec.  31. 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Pounds  copper  Tenn.  ore  

13,252,634 

13,808,940 

12,429,009 

14,058,954 

Pounds  copper  custom  ore 

4,427,583 

3,832,972 

4,147,326 

2  415  734 

Total  

17,680,217 

17,641,912 

16,576,335 

16,474,688 

Silver  recovered,  ounces  
Gold  recovered,  ounces  
Profit  copper,  acid  and  custom  ore 
Int.  bonds  and  discounts  account 

50,622 
337 
$1-,303,873 
107,998 

90,011 
608 
$577,927 
110,878 

$547,157 
61,750 

24,753 
217 
$4,276 
63,250 

Profit  for  year  

$1,195,875 

467,049 

485,387 

364,406 

Depreciation  '.  .  . 

100,000 

60,000 

40,000 

25,000 

Net  profit 

$1,095  875 

$407,049 

$445,387 

$339,406 

Profit  acid  included  above 

82,832 

Tons  ore  mined  
Tons  Tenn.  ore  treated  
Tons  custom  ore  treated  
Pounds  copper  Tennessee  ore 

443,038 
444,289 
36,980 

444,625 
436,285 
34,768 

405,463 
424,197 
31,536 

441,906 
439,265 
20,438 
39.40 

Pounds  Tennessee  ore  recovered. 
Pounds  custom  ore  recovered.  .  .  . 
Per  cent,  recovered  Tennessee  ore 
Copper  electrolytically  refined.  .  . 

29.8 
119.7 

31.6 
110.2 

29.3 
131. 

32.00 

81.2 
4,095,848 

Costs  per  ton  :  Mine  development 
Mining  proper  

$.0500 
1  .  0845 

$.15600 
1  .  06599 

$.2106 
.9677 

$.122 
1.097 

Railroad  expense  
General  expense  
Smelting  . 

.0879 
.1860 
1  3106 

.08338 
.  12455 
1  38326 

.0678 
.1080 
1  2271 

.058 
.155 
1.311 

Converting  
Engineering  and  laboratory..  .  . 

.1583 

.  22454 

.1556 
.0516 

.147 
.038 

Total  cost  pig  copper  
Equal  in  cents  per  pound  
Total  cost  per  ton  refined  
After  adding  freight,  refining, 
selling,   comm.,   taxes,   legal 
and  crediting  gold  and  silver. 

$2.8774! 
.  09654 
$3.2797 
11(4 

$3.03772 
.  09599 
$3.4428 
10.88^ 

$2.7887 
.09518 
$3.1175 
10.64j< 

$2.928 
.0915 
$3.417 
10.68f< 

1  Crediting  miscellaneous  investment,  $2.8529. 

Resume  of  1913  Operations. — Production  13,493,140  Ibs.  copper  Tennessee  ore.  Profit, 
$1,087,503;  profit  after  bond  int.  and  dep.  $987,503.  Tons  ore  treated,  470,135.  Pounds 
copper  recovered,  28.70.  Cost  per  ton  at  mine,  $2.9346.  Total  cost  per  ton,  $3.255. 
Cost  per  pound  at  property,  10.214?L  After  ref.  and  credit  gold  and  silver,  11.34. 

Ore  reserves,  Dec.  31,  1913,  5,534,984  tons. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  367 

136 


UTAH 

CONSOLIDATED  MERCUR  GOLD  MINES  CO. 

MERCUR,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  June  30 

U.  S.  Currency 

1912 


1911 


$494,133 

$550,695.70 

498,104 

558,629.19 

487,307 

558,133.06 

Net  earnings                             

$10,797 

$496.13 

Tons  treated  ,  

201,6521 

239,190 

Average  value  

$3.27 

$3.21 

$2.45 

$2.32 

23,931 

26,674.78 

$20.36 

$20.92 

Mint  val.  per  ounce  
Profit  per  ounce  

Costs  per  ton  : 
Framing,  timbering,  compression  hoisting,  etc.  .  .  . 
Ore  breaking  

$20.67 
$.31 

.569) 
.753  \ 
084 

$20.67 
.24992 

$1.29 

Millg.,  crushg.,  roastg.,  cyandg.,  (Refining  assaying.) 
Gen'l.  exp.,  prop,   mill  
Tailing  dumps 

$1.032) 
.065  \ 
17 

$1.04 

Total  

Development  
Cost  of  development  

$2.42 

3,657  ft. 
$17,497 

$2.33 

5,558 
$24,484 

Seven  per  cent,  of  this  was  tailings. 


2  Loss. 


The  ores  are  gold.  The  ores  mined  are  of  two  qualities  "oxidized"  and 
"base,"  of  which  59  per  cent,  are  oxidized  and  34  per  cent,  are  base.  The  re- 
maining 7  per  cent,  of  ore  milled  were  tailings.  The  ore  is  crushed,  sized  and 
cyanided.  The  base  ore  is  first  roasted,  the  roasters  treating  67,816  tons  in 
1912. 

During  1912.  the  mill  consumed  the  following  chemicals: 

Cyanide 147,230  Ib.  or       .73  Ib.  per  ton  ore. 

Lime 3,078,600  Ib.  or  15.27  Ib.  per  ton  ore. 

Zinc  dust 100,648  Ib.  or       .5    Ib.  per  ton  ore. 

137 


.138 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


BECK  TUNNEL  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  COMPANY 
EUREKA,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  June   1 


1912 


Production : 

Gold,  ounces 840 . 28 

Silver,  ounces 68,381 . 07 

Lead,  pounds 1,299,431 

Receipts  from  ore  sales $46,141 

Dry  tons  mined 4,241.57 

Cost  per  ton,  operating: 

Mining  and  development $3 . 429 

Tramming .216 

Hoisting .  890 

Surface  expense .  302 

Surveying  and  assaying .230 

General  expense .  244 

Total  operating $5.311 

Exploration .  707 

Total $6.018 

To  this  should  be  added, 

Freight 1 .04 

Plant .068 

Taxes,  legal,  etc .13 


$7.256 


Notes. — The  ore  deposits  of  the  mines  of  this  section  are  replacements  of 
limestone.  The  bodies  vary  in  width  from  small  streaks  to  large  masses. 
The  ore  is  a  silver-lead  product  which  is  shipped  to  the  custom  smelters  at 
or  near  Salt  Lake.  The  camp  is  connected  by  railroad  with  the  smelters. 
Labor  conditions,  power  and  supplies  are  favourable  for  cheap  operations. 


UTAH  APEX  MINING  COMPANY 
BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

See  Appendix,  page  396 


UTAH 


139 


BINGHAM  MINES  COMPANY 
BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ending  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production 

Total  costs 

Net  profit 

Tons  ore  treated 

Gross  value  per  ton 

Total  metal  contents: 

Gold,  ounces 

Silver,  ounces 

Lead,  pounds 

Copper,  pounds 


Cost  per  ton: 

Mine  operations 

Smelting,  frt.,  etc 

Prospecting  and  devel. 
Commercial  mine  acct. 
Gen.  expense 


$426,052.87 

$287,939.64 

$138,113.23 

49,986.8 

$8.523 


3,731 

225,763 

3,777,320 

1,427,780 


$2.211 

2.721 

.503 


.226 


$5.661 


$465,658.67 
$350,721.56 
$109,248.31 

46,083.031 

$10.104 


3980.73 
354,855.06 
5,792,441 
790,818 


$2.128 

3.964 

.866 

.320 

.451 


$7.729 


See  also  Appendix,  page  368 

CHIEF    CONSOLIDATED   MINING    CO. 
TINTIC   DISTRICT,  EUREKA,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 


Year  ending  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Receipts  ore  after  smelting,  transportation  and  sampling.  $481,473 

Net  profit  after  all  charges 323,037 

Total  shipments,   tons 30,028 

Assay  value  of  ore: 

Gold,  ounces  per  ton .  2557 

Silver,  ounces  per  ton 29 . 825 

Lead,  per  cent,  per  ton 1.36 

Gross  value  of  ore $24. 15 

Smelting,  frt.  and  sampling 8. 12 

Net  value  per  ton $16.03 

Cost  per  ton  (calculated) 5 . 28 

Profit  per  ton  (calculated) $10. 75 

Costs  per  ton: 

Mining $4.42 

Development .86 

Freight,  smelting,  and  sampling 

Total $5.28 

Profit  per  ton $10.75 

See  also  Appendix,  page  368 


$104,522 

13,929 

6,703 


.048 

39.584 

5.277 

$25.55 
9.96 


$15.59 
13.51 

$  2.07 


$  8.26 
5.25 


$13.51 


140 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

DALY-JUDGE  MINING  COMPANY 
PARK  CITY,  UTAH,  tl.  S.  A. 


Year  ended  Jan.   1.                                                  1912                   1911 

Ore  sales:  —  Crude  
Concentrates  
Zinc  middlings  
Total  

$110,493 
469,787 
148,100 

$217,772 
329,130 
30,137 

$728,381 
19,013 

$577,040 
18,838 

Interest  

Total  sales  and  earnings  
Total  expenditures  

747,394 
429,536 

$595,879 
435,474 

Profit  
Production:  —  Ounces,  silver 
Ounces,  gold  

$317,858 
683,892 
682 
9,973,646 
9,158,261 
513,646 
3,655 
58,951 
62,606 
9,784 
$3.33 
.72 
.315 
1.08 
1.88 

$160,405 
560,699 
1,080 
10,027,070 
7,431,176 
311,832 
7,586 
51,875 
59,461 
7,497 
$3.09 
.79 
.25 
1.03 
2.38 

Pounds,  lead 

Pounds,  zinc 

Pounds,  copper 

Crude  ore  sold,  tons 

Ore  concentrated 

Ore  extracted  
Development,  feet  
Working  costs  per  ton:  —  Extraction.  .  . 
Concentration  cost  
General  expenses  
Marketing  cost  
Prospecting   and  dead  work  
Total  cost  

$7.325]              $7.54 

1912 

1911 

Tons 

Oz. 
silver 

Oz. 
gold 

Per  cent, 
lead 

Tons 

Oz. 

silver 

Oz. 
gold 

Per  cent, 
lead 

Aveg.  ore  values  per  ton  : 
Crude  
Concentrates  
Zinc  middlings  
Iron  middlings 

3,655 
13,419 
5,425 

34.83 
32.27 
22.58 

.045 
.031 
.019 

19.72 
29.71 
5.16 

7,586 
12,237 
2,783 

32.44 
23.37 
10.19 

.077 
.036 
.02 

23.56 
24.74 

6.84 

Per 
cent, 
cu. 

Per 
cent. 
Zn 

Per 
cent. 
Fe 

Total 
sold  for 

Per  cent, 
copper 

Per 
cent. 

zinc 

Per 
cent, 
iron 

Total 
sold  for 

Crude  
Concentrates  
Zinc  middlings  
Iron  middlings  

1.75 
1.60 

19.89 
15.30 
40.46 

11.28 
14.50 

8.17 

$30.23 
35.09 
27.29 

1.09 
.60 

12.92 
14.63 
34.04 

11.20 
16.56 
9.41 

$28.71 
26.91 
10.83 

See  also  Appendix,  page  368 


UTAH 


141 


DALY-WEST  MINING  COMPANY 
PARK  CITY,  UTAH 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Production  

$587,960.90 

$841,951.65 

$794,016.99 

$521,681.65 

Total  expenses  

$454,099.07 

$535,938.19 

$567,721.36 

$555,073.53 

Tons   ore  milled  

42,891 

79,921 

83,119 

48,373 

Average  value  recovered  

$6.64 

$9.28 

$8.27 

$5.90 

Tons  ore  shipped  

17,497 

7,083 

4,363 

12,019 

Average  value  returned  

$17.33 

$12.75 

$21.65 

$19.02 

f  silver,  per  cent.  .  .  . 

81.1 

88.42 

88.9 

74.6 

lead,  per  cent  

98.7 

97.21 

99.7 

99.8 

(  zinc,  per  cent  

72.3 

Average  metal  content  mill  ore: 

Silver,  ounce  

8.0 

10.9 

8.93 

9.9 

Lead,  per  cent  

5.5 

9.68 

7.95 

5.78 

Zinc,  per  cent  

5.2 

9.30 

8.39 

Costs  per  ton  : 

Mining  and  developing  

$5.600 

$3.184 

$3.797 

$5.399 

Milling  

1.047 

1.994 

2.03 

1.656 

Ore  expense  

0.314 

.163 

General  expense  

.557 

.358 

.386 

.533 

$7.518 

$5.699 

$6.213 

$7.588 

Ontario  tunnel  expense  

.622 

.376 

1.93 

$7.518 

$6.321 

$6.589 

$9.518 

Note. — The  ores  are  a  complex  of  silver-lead-zinc  and  iron  sulphides  oc- 
curring in  fissures  and  as  replacements  in  limestone.  Mining  conditions 
normal. 

The  mill  saving  of  the  lead  as  given  in  Annual  Reports  appears  to  be  very 
high.  The  ore  is  crushed  by  rolls  and  concentrated.  The  concentrates 
shipped  to  nearby  smelters. 

Owing  to  a  freeze-up  of  the  water  in  1912  the  mill  was  shut  down  during 
one-third  of  January  and  all  of  Feb.,  March,  April  and  May.  During  this 
time  the  tonnage  of  shipping  ore  was  increased  to  hold  up  production. 
Costs  were  naturally  high. 

Resume  1908  Operations.— Production,  $378,790;  expenses,  $376, 182;  tons 
ore  milled,  24,511 ;  average  value  recovered,  $6 . 14;  total  cost,  $9 . 229;  Ontario 
tunnel  expense,  $1 . 47,  making  a  grand  total  expense  per  ton  of  $10 . 699. 


142 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


EAGLE  &  BLUE  BELL  MINING  COMPANY 
TINTIC,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Period  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


Gross  value  ore  shipments  
Ded.  frt.  smelting,  sampling  and  assaying  

$346,403.13 
138,991.96 

$109,962 
48,944 

Net  receipts,  ore 

$207  411   17 

61,017 

Miscl   earnings,  rents,  etc 

6  00 

8,507 

Gross  earnings  at  property 

$207,417.17 

$69,524 

Expenses  .... 

117,541.73 

29,096 

Net  from  property  operations  

$40,427 
22  477 

Net  after  all  expenses  

$  89,875.44 

$21,241 

Production  : 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 

5,833 

1,995 

Total  yield  silver,  ounces 

341,164 

98,739 

Total  yield  lead,  pounds 

1,303,294 

726,796 

Total  yield  copper,  pounds 

50,913 

9,747 

Dry  tons  produced  

22,341 

5,831 

Gross  value  per  ton  

$15.50 

$18.85 

Operating  cost  per  ton: 

4,893 

7.30 

Frt   and  smelting 

$6  262 

8.39 

Genl   exp 

.276 

.80 

Total 

$11.431 

$16.49 

Development,  feet  

3,009  ft. 

1,686 

The  property  is  developed  by  shaft  to  a  depth  of  1350  ft.  An  ore-body 
here  has  been  opened  for  length  of  140  ft.,  is  10  to  50  ft.  in  width.  The  ore- 
bodies  are  irregular  replacements  of  the  country  rock.  Owing  to  the  great 
dimensions  the  square-set  system  is  adopted  in  mining.  In  1912  a  heavy 
development  expense  brought  mining  costs  up.  At  close  of  year  output 
averaged  1250  tons  a  month.  Judging  from  the  report  the  ore  probably  is 
high  in  lime.  All  ore  is  smelted  direct,  going  to  the  Salt  Lake  Smelters. 


UTAH 


143 


IRON  BLOSSOM  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 
TINTIC,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 


Production 


1912 


|    No.  1  workings    |      No.  3  workings 


Gross  value 

$709,173 

$789,963 

Smelt,  frt.  and  sampling 

308,186 

283,820 

Net  
Tons  treated  wet  

$400,996 
35,279 

$506,143 
31,044 

Tons  treated  dry  

31,855 

27,612 

Grade  per  ton  gold  
Grade  per  ton  silver  

.2136  oz. 
27.674oz. 

.2156 
38.3268 

Grade  per  ton  lead  

7  .  084  per  cent. 

8.9621  per  cent. 

Metal  contents  : 
Gold  ounces  

6806 

5960 

Silver  ounces  

881,564 

1,058,279 

Lead  pounds  

2,256,892 

2,474,612 

Copper  pounds  
Gross  and  net  per  ton  : 
Gross 

153,719 

$22  262 

none 
$28  609 

Smelt,  frt.  and  sampling  

9.674 

10.278 

Net  

$12  588 

$18,330 

Cost  per  ton  (entire  property)  : 
Development  
Stoping  

$   .086 
2.579 

Tramming  

.117 

Hoisting 

261 

Surface 

072 

Surveying  and  assaying.  . 

079 

General  expense  

.128 

Pumps  (credit  item)  
Accident  

.009 
.018 

Total.  . 

$3  331 

Exploring  .  . 

373 

Development  for  year,  feet 

$3.704 
7  518 

Total  development  to  Dec.  31,  1912  

31,953 

See  also  Appendix,  page  368 


144 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SILVER  KING  COALITION  MINES  CO. 
PARK  CITY,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  April  30 
U.  S.  Currency 


1912 

Production  

$1,277  427  71 

Total  expenses  
Operating  profit  

$694,410.46 
$583,017  25 

Tons  ore  shipped,  first  class 

21  506 

[Lead 

28  35 

Aver,  value    j  Silver  
[Gold  
Tons  ore  milled  
Tons  concentrates  made  
(Lead  
Aver,  value  concentrates    •{  Silver  
[Gold  .'.. 

Ratio  of  concentration 

50.06oz. 
.0551  oz. 
86,387 
14,106 
34.24 
50.71  oz. 
.0833  oz. 

6  12  into  1 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 

Mining  and  development  
Milling  
Marketing  
General  expense  
Legal  expense  

$4.756 
.688 
.204 
.639 

.284 

Total  

$6.571 

Mine  has  produced  since  1892  a  total  gross  of  nearly  $25,000,000. 

The  company  is  a  consolidation  of  several  properties  in  the  district. 

The  ore-bodies  vary  in  character  from  small  fissures  to  large  replacements 
of  the  limestone. 

The  method  of  entry  is  by  shaft.  The  quantity  of  water  to  be  handled  is 
generally  large.  Depth  of  mine  1300  ft. 

The  ore  is  a  silver-lead-zinc  sulphide. 

Transportation  and  smelting  facilities  are  favourable. 

The  milling  practice  is  straight  concentration. 

During  the  year  13,000  ft.  of  development  were  performed. 


UTAH 


145 


BOSTON  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  AND  GOLD  MINING 

COMPANY 
SULPHIDE  MINE,  BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

"    U.S.  Currency 

(Now  owned  and  operated  by  the  Utah  Copper  Co.) 

The  Boston  Consolidated  formerly  operated  two  properties — one  a  por- 
phyry, another  a  sulphide.  Since  the  taking  over  of  the  property  by  the  Utah 
Copper  Co.,  costs  for  the  sulphide  mine  have  not  been  given.  We  give  below 
the  costs  at  this  mine  before  the  consolidation. 


Period,  year  ended  Sept.  30 


1908 


1907 


Production,  net  after  smelter  : 
Copper,  pounds 

3  210  031 

6  146  925 

Silver,  ounces  
Gold,  ounces  
Tons  shipped  :  
Copper  recovery  per  ton  
Total  contents  ore 
Copper 

49,131 
7,446 
79,300 
40.51b. 

3  459  911 

78,129 
12,642 
134,305 
45.8  Ib. 

Silver  

55,704 

Gold  '  '  

7,446 

Cost  per  ton  (calculated)  : 
Mining  (including  development) 

$2  32 

$2  34 

Transportation  to  smelter  
Smelting  

.55 
2  76 

.505 

2  65 

Frt.  and  ref.  on  bullion  

.76 

.73 

Total  costs 

$6  39 

$6  225 

Crediting  gold  and  silver  : 
Gold... 

1  88 

1  88 

Silver  . 

36 

374 

Credit  per  ton  
Net  cost  production  applied  to  copper  
Cost  of  copper  per  pound  
Development 

$2.24 
$4.15 
10.22^ 
4  861  ft 

$2  .  254 
$3.97 
8.65jl 
7  799  ft 

Total  development  

43,160  ft. 

38,299  ft. 

The  erratic  and  inadequate  railway  service  kept  shipments  below  tonnage  expected. 
MINING  COSTS  AT  SULPHIDE  MINE  FOR  FIVE-YEAR  PERIOD  1904  TO  1908, 


INCLUSIVE 


Wet  tons  treated 

Moisture  tons 

Per  cent,  moisture    .  . 

Dry  tons  ore 

Cost  f.o.b.  smelter. .  . 
Cost  per  ton  net 


385,973 

8,853 

2.3 

377,120 

$984,109 

2.55 


See  also  Appendix,  page  369 


10 


146 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OHIO  COPPER  COMPANY 
BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

U.  S.  Currency 
Period  Six  Months  Ended  March  31,  1912 


Production 


1912 


Total  cost  per  ton 

Cost  per  pound : 

Mining,  per  pound  copper 

Transportation,  per  pound  copper 

Milling,  per  pound  copper 

Freight  concentrates 

Smelting 

Freight,  refining  and  selling  commissions  

Total  cost  per  pound.- 

Credit  gold  and  silver 

Net  cost  per  pound 


Pounds  copper 3,754,866 

Gross  value $556,517 

Credit  gold  and  silver 10,671 

Smelter  charges 46,149 

Freight  concentrates 7,938 

Freight,  refining,  selling,  interest 78,198 

Total $132,285 

Operating  expenses 251,049 

Operating  profit  crediting  gold  and  silver $184,346 

Interest  on  debt,  taxes,  legal  expenses 74,869 

Net  profit $109,476 

Mine  and  mill : 

Tons  ore  mined  dry 311,067 

Crude  ore  contents,  per  cent 1 . 176 

Concentrates  produced  dry,  tons 9,219 

Copper  contents,  per  cent 22. 179 

Ratio  of  concentration 33 . 74  into  1 

Copper  loss,  per  cent 44 . 13 

Costs  per  ton : 

Mining,  per  ton  dry $0.267 

Transportation,  per  ton  dry .  160 

Milling .370 

Freight  concentrates .025 

Smelting .148 

Freight,  refining  and  selling  commissions .251 


$1.221 


1.328 
3.067 
.211 
1.23 
2.08 


10.131^ 

.284 


1.847^ 


See  also  Appendix,  page  369 


UTAH 


147 


SOUTH  UTAH  MINES  AND  SMELTERS 

NEWHOUSE,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 
Period,  Sept.  1-10  to  June  30,  1912 

U.  S.  Currency 

Production : 

Total  pounds  copper 5,527,810 

Total  ounces  silver 43,691 

Total  ounces  gold 2,450  ($48,999) 

Net  operating  loss $118,353 

Tons  milled 426,002 

Average  per  cent,  copper ." 1 . 142 

Tons  concentrates  shipped 34,062 

Average  per  cent,  copper  and  iron 8.438  (28.86) 

Average  ratio  concentration 12 . 51  into  1 

Average  mill  recovery 59 . 09 

Concentrates  contents : 

Copper 5,747,983 

Silver 47,002 

Gold 2,412 

Crude  ore  shipped,  tons 701 

Contents,  per  cent. :— Copper 12 . 39 

Silver,  oz 2.201 

Gold,  oz 0533 

Iron 27.58 

Total  tons  shipped 34,763 

Pounds  copper  shipped 7 5,921,864 

Ounces  silver  shipped 48,546 

Ounces  gold  shipped 2,450 

Cost  per  ton :— Exploration $ .  0461 

Development 0387 

Mining  and  tramming .  7497 

Milling 6723 

Smelting ' 2424 

Freight  and  refining .  2267 

Miscellaneous  including  taxes,  cone,  and  ore  freight,  legal  exp ....  .  2496 

Total  cost $2.225 

Credits,  gold,  silver,  iron,  etc .216 

Net  operating  cost. $2 . 009 

Cost  per  pound : 

Total  operating  before  credits 17. 17 i 

Credits 1.67 

Net  cost  per  pound 15 .  5Q£ 

Development,  feet 5,082 

See  also  Appendix,  page  370 


148  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

UNITED  STATES  SMELTING,  REFINING  &  MINING  COMPANY 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 

Among  the  mines  which  the  company  owns  and  operates  are  the  follow- 
ing: Mammoth  Copper  Mining  Co.,  Kenneth,  Calif.;  Centennial  Eureka 
Mining  Co.,  Eureka,  Utah;  Compania  de  Real  del  Monte  y  Pachuca, 
Pachuca,  Mex.;  Gold  Roads  Mines  Co.,  near  Needles,  Calif. 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  are  smelting,  refining  companies,  etc. 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Earn,  after  costs,  sell  exp.  and  repairs  
Deprec.,  improv.  and  reserve  

$5,497,965 
1,265,000 

$3,961,102 
1,120,689 

$3,738,541 
1,067,069 

Administrative  and  legal 

187,154 

Profit  .    .    . 

$4,232,965 

$2,840,413 

$2,484,318 

Copper,  pounds  
Lead,  pounds  
Silver,  ounces  
Gold,  ounces  

21,152,620 
56,385,769 
12,059,829 
140,183 

22,199,141 
49,022,791 
10,285,150 
118,703 

28,430,425 
51,450,985 
10,776,465 
113,246 

Copper,  per  cent,  in  value  

21.81 

21.48 

25.90 

Lead,  per  cent  in  value 

15  38 

16  81 

16.33 

Silver,  per  cent  in  value 

45  29 

42  72 

41.14 

Gold,  per  cent  in  value 

17.52 

18.99 

16.63 

Average  price  copper  
Average  price  lead  
Average  price  silver  

Tonnage  ijore  produced  

16.  237*5 
4.529^ 
61.291?" 

1,198,251 

12.459^ 
4.428f5 
53.8154 

1,037,685 

12.828>f 
4.478*! 
54.003^ 

777,355 

34 

38 

40 

Value  lead,  per  cent 

3 

6 

6 

Value  silver,  per  cent 

42 

35 

36 

Value  gold,  per  cent  

21 

21 

18 

1913  Operations :  Profit,  $3,585,586.  Tons  produced  1,294,934.  Copper, 
Ib.  20,239,973;  lead,  58,116,504  lb.;  silver,  oz.  13,089,708.  Price  copper, 
15.4431. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  370 


UTAH 


149 


UTAH  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Sales  metal,  allowing  bullion  on  hand, 
beginning  and  end  yr.  incl.  interest. 

$1,730,677 
4,226 

$1,677,989 
7,091 

$1,331,243 
3,779 

$1,906,759 
3,044 

Total  income 

$1,734,903 

$1,684,880 

$1,335,022 

$1,909,799 

Expenses                                            .  . 

1,170,980 

1,286,450 

1,309,673 

1,770,536 

Operating  profit  
Dividends  received  

$563,923 
40,000 

$398,430 
40,000 

$25,349 
40,000 

$139,263 
15,000 

Profit  for  year  
Production  : 

$603,923 
6,506,814 

$438,430 
9,162,023 

$65,349 
7,489,471 

$154,263 
10,043  900 

8,734,398 

3,311,939 

None 

None 

Silver   ounces 

230,004 

160,367 

154,322 

298,167 

Gold,  ounces  
Tons  mined  and  shipped  dry  
Mine  shipments: 
Copper  ore,  dry  tons  
Per  cent,  copper  
Gold,  ounce  
Silver,  ounce  

14,042 
183,386 

159,143 
2.146 
.077 

.828 

16,730 
170,827 

162,522 
2.89 
.093 
.981 

14,805 
177,0442 

179,224 
2.458 
.0843 
.9627 

21,569 
280,637 

280,637 
Not  available 
Not  available 
Not  available 

23,713 

7  793 

None 

Per  cent,  lead  '.  . 

19.974 

22.164 

None 

None 

Silver,  ounces  

4.189 

5.41 

None 

None 

Lead  concentrates,  dry  tons1  

530 

21.872 

512 

21.984 

None 
None 

None 
None 

5.432 

5.038 

None 

None 

Prod,  from  furnace  bottoms  : 
Copper,  pounds                    

222,780 

Gold   ounces                   

383 

5  117 

Costs  per  ton  mined  and  shipped 
Mining  and  tramway  

(approx.)  : 

$2.52 

$2.37 

$2.22 

$1.71 

Exploring  and  development  

.68 
2  46 

1.06 
2  84 

.67 
3.42 

.39 
3  50 

Gen'l  exp.  east,  office,  int.,   etc.. 
Ref.,  frt.,  sell  and  insurance.  .  . 

.19 
.53 

.23 
1.02 

.403 
.68 

.15 
.56 

Total  cost  
Development,  ft  

$6.38* 
12,320 

$7.514 
18,799 

$7.39 
11,433 

$6.31 
8,950 

1  Contains  small  values  gold  and  copper  not  given.  2  Mined.  3  Includes  item  7  cents  per 
ton  written  off  to  "mi~r  plant."  *  Concentrates  included  in  tonnage.  Results  approxi- 
mate. 

^ee  also  Appendix,  370  and  400 


150 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


UTAH  COPPER  CO. 

BINGHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Pounds  copper  

113,942,834 

91,366,337 

93  514  419 

Ounces  silver  

285,589 

311,391 

366  907 

Ounces  gold 

28,121 

34  255 

40  203 

Operating  revenue 

$17,797  564 

$15  345  953 

$12  825  953 

Operation  expense 

11,494,341 

9  038  711 

8  324  053 

Net  operating  profit                    ....        

$6,303,223 

$6  307  242 

$4  501  899 

Miscellaneous  income 

2,270,200 

$2  222  562 

1  766  995 

Total  income  
Net  after  interest  

Yards  capping  removed  

$8,573,423 
$8,513,105 

4,835,479 

$8,529,804 
$8,449,272 

4  676  568 

$6,268,894 
$6,237,928 

5  450  604 

Ore  treated,  tons  

7,519,392 

5,315  321 

4  680  801 

Average  grade  ore,  per  cent  

1.25* 

1  3642 

1  51 

Recovery,  per  cent  
Pounds  recovered  

63.95 
15.95 

66.32 
18  09 

69.53 
21  03 

Gross  prod,  concentrates  

119,939,809 

96,175,090 

98  436  224 

Grade  concentrates  

I  17.31 

20  75 

25  62 

Price  copper,  cents  

15.167 

15  839 

12  646 

91  02 

77  81 

74 

Per  cent,  underground,  Utah  mine  

8.98t 

4.33 
17  86 

4 
22 

Cost  per  ton  :   calculated 

$  606 

$  73 

$  743 

809 

83 

886 

Selling  com  

.022 
075 

.03 
07 

.025 
075 

016 

03 

046 

Miscellaneous  costs: 
Steam  shovel  with  prop,  gen'l  exp  
Stripping  and  prospecting  

$1.528 

20.94 
8.32 

$1.70 

26.35^ 

8.84 

$1.775i 
24.61 

Total  .                       

29.26 

35  19 

Underground  mining  

51.80 

51  77 

52  69 

Underground  development  

17.72 

15.62 

15  66 

23  04 

30  32 

31  98 

9  84 

12  01 

12  81 

Total  mining  cost  

32.88 

42.33£ 

44.79?$ 

Milling                                                   

36  76 

41  58 

41  68 

Milling  in  July  and  August        

31  09 

Freight  to  concentrator.  .  . 



30.07 

UTAH 


151 


UTAH  COPPER  CO.— Continued. 


1913 

1912 

1911 

Cost  per  ton,  dry  : 

$.3288 

$.4233 

$  .  4479 

.2797 

.2848 

.3078 

Milling 

.3676 

.4158 

.4168 

Total                                            

$.9761 

$1.1239 

$1.1725 

Cost  per  pound,  cents,  from  reports  : 
Credit  gold  and  silver  
Credit  miscl.  earn.,  R.R.  and  income  in  Utah 

9.498?$ 
8.642 

9.024jf 
8.459 
8  781 

7.8655,5 

Value  gold  and  silver  rec.  per  pound,  1  

.643 

.957 

1.07 

i  Includes  $149,000  taxes.        *  Trifle  under  this,     t  Includes  Boston  Mine. 

Resume  1910  Operations.— Prod.  84,502,475  Ibs.;  net  income  $5,401,775; 
grade  ore  1.54%;  costs  per  ton  $1.80,  per  Ib.  8.069^. 

Re*sume  1909  Operations. — Prod.  51,749,233  net  pounds;  total  income 
$7,227,348;  total  cost  $5,067,258;  operating  profit  $2,160,090;  cost  per  pound 
8.787^;  price  copper  12.96^f;  costs  per  ton  not  given. 

Resume  18  Months  Ending  Dec.  31,  1908.— Prod.  54,051,212;  income 
$7,682,569;  costs  $5,280,416;  profit  $2,402,153;  cost  per  pound  8.85^;  price 
copper  13.20^. 

Remarks. — The  mines  are  located  in  Bingham  Canon,  Utah,  20  miles 
southwest  of  Salt  Lake  City.  The  formation  is  monzonite  porphyry. 
Ore  consists  of  secondary  chalcocite  disseminated  through  rock.  The  aver- 
age grade  of  the  ore  based  on  last  estimate  Jan.  1,  1914,  was  1.470  per  cent, 
copper.  The  average  thickness  of  capping  corresponds  to  177,467  cu.  yds. 
of  stripping  per  acre.  The  average  thickness  of  the  ore  is  424  ft.  The  ore- 
bodies  lie  both  sides  of  the  canon.  Mining  operations  are  carried  on  in 
benches  one  above  another  on  the  mountain  side.  Standard  gauge  rail- 
road tracks  run  to  the  various  ore  faces.  Mining  is  principally  by  steam 
shovel,  twenty-two  steam  shovels  operating.  Ore  and  over-burden  are 
dumped  into  standard  gauge  cars. 

Concentrator  is  situated  at  Garfield,  20  miles  from  mine.  Utah  Copper 
Co.  owns  railroad.  (B.  &  G.  Ry.)  Concentrator  has  working  capacity 
of  22,000  tons  a  day.  Concentrates  are  smelted  at  Garfield  smelter  of  the 
A.  S.  &  R.,  4  miles  from  mill.  Company  has  low  smelting  rate.  Blister 
copper  is  sent  to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining.  Electric  power  generated 
from  coal  at  mill  is  used  at  mine  and  concentrator.  Some  electric  power 
is  now  obtained  from  the  Utah  Power  &  Light  Co.'s  plant.  This  is  expected 
to  be  reflected  in  low  cost  for  mining  and  milling. 

Ore  reserves,  January  1,  1914—332,500,000  tons,  1.47  %. 


152 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


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DOMINION  OF  CANADA 


U.  S.  CURRENCY 


TON  =  2000  LBS. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

HEDLEY  GOLD  MINING  COMPANY 

HEDLEY,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Receipts $748,133 

Expenditures 362,253 

Profit $385,880 

Interest  on  cash 

Total  profit $385,880! 

Tons  milled 70,455 

Average  value $11.19 

Extraction  cone.,  per  cent 81 

Extraction  cyanide,  per  cent 73 

Total  extraction,  per  cent 95 

Value  recovered $10 . 63 

Costs  per  ton : 

Mining $1.91 

Transportation .26 

Milling .58 

Cyaniding .41 

Shipping  and  smelting  concentrates.  .  .  .94 

Shipping  and  refining  bullion .01 

Total  cost .' $4. 11 

Development,  feet 1340 

Diamond  drilling,  feet 6380 

1  Including  interest  of  $9834. 

Operations  were  carried  on  during  4  months  of  1909,  but  as  figures  are 
not  representative,  they  have  been  omitted. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  371 

153 


$679,616 
370,814 

$308,802 
9,350 


$318,152 
57,815 
$11.19 
75 
76 
94 
$11.99 

$2.11 
.27 
.76 
.65 
.94 
.01 


$4.74 

1315 
3160 


$519,356 
255,370 


$263,986 
7,781 

$271,767 
46,828 
$12.31 
54 
71 
90 
$11.07 

$1.95 
.32 
.64 
.58 
.70 
.03 


$4.22 
1700 


154  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

MOTHERLODE  SHEEP  CREEK  MINING  COMPANY 

SALMO,  SHEEP  CREEK,  WEST  KOOTENAY  DISTRICT,  BRITISH 

COLUMBIA,  CANADA 
Period,  Month  of  May,  1913 

U.  S.  Currency 
Production : 

Gross  ounces,  Troy 3,339.21 

Fine  ounces  gold 1,493.96 

Fine  ounces  silver 611 . 32 

Bullion  receipts $31,244 . 00 

Miscellaneous  interest. .  .  ......  71.00 


Total  income $31,315.00 

Total  expenses 14,816.00 


Operating  profit $16,499.00 

Tons  ore  milled 2,156 

Recovery  per  ton $14.49 

Total  income  per  ton 14 . 52 

Total  expenses  per  ton 6 . 872 


Operating  profit  per  ton $7 . 653 

Estimated  extraction,  per  cent 95.4 

Cost  per  ton : 

Mining • $4.259 

Milling 1.604 

General  expense .  683 

Marketing  bullion .  326 


Total $6 . 872 

Remarks. — Property  is  located  at  Salmo,  British  Columbia.  Mine  is 
reached  by  12-mile  wagon  haul.  Property  is  developed  by  several  tunnels 
to  depth  of  450  ft.  and  a  shaft  is  sinking  below  this  level.  Ore  occurs  in  vein 
2  ft.  to  30  in.  in  width.  Ore  averages  about  $20  per  ton,  95  per  cent,  of  the 
values  are  gold. 

Mining  is  over-hand  stoping.  A  4-foot  width  is  stoped.  Property  has 
70-ton  mill-stamp,  tube  mill  and  cyanide.  Mill  is  operated  by  Pelton  water 
wheels  direct  connected.  Mill  started  Sept.,  1912.  Property  has  not  been 
operated  sufficiently  long  to  give  yearly  figures. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


155 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA  COPPER  COMPANY 
GREENWOOD,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  DOMINION  OF  CANADA 


Year  Ended 


Dec.  31,  1912 1  Nov.  30,  191 1|  Nov.  30,  1910|Nov.  30,  1909 


11,146,811 

9,944,987 

7,143,456 

6  325  000 

Gold   ounces 

25,862 

31,144 

24,962 

18  244 

Silver,  ounces                                .  .  . 

142,025 

134,266 

84,180 

64,234 

Proceeds  metal  shipped  
Min  .smelt,  sell,  gen'l  office  expense 
Custom  ore  purchased  

$2,483,664 
1,570,205 
495,087 

$1,968,158 
1,533,263 
300,966 

$1,466,749 
1,158,294 
51,893 

$1,324,957 
985,216 
58,780 

Profit1 

$425  985 

$133  929 

$256  561 

$204  973 

Tons  treated  : 
B.  C.  copper  ore  
Custom  ore  
Converter  slag.  .  .-  

443,022 
284,575 
12,992 

385,829 
212,927 
10,189 

399,353 
36,575 
5,744 

362,423 
6,964 
.  3,949 

Total  
YieldB.  C.  ores: 

740,589 
13  6 

608,945 
16  4 

441,672 
18  0 

373,336 
17  7 

Gold  and  silver,  val.  per  ton.  .  . 
Price  rec'd  for  copper  
Blister  copper  produced  
Costs  :  —  Cost  per  ton  (total)  
Cost  per  pound,  crediting  gold 
and  silver  
Coke  consumption,  tons  

$.762 
16.664* 
11,259,140 
$2.459 

12.855* 
103,154 

$1.133 
12.33*5 
10,044,093 

$2.882 

11.635* 

$1.23 
12.778* 
7,199,034 
$2.730 

9.048* 

$1.03* 
13.08 
6,366,318 

$2  .  683 

9.829* 

Miscellaneous      costs  :—  Mining 
and  crushing  at  mine,  per  ton. 

56.58* 

Detailed  costs  for  the  various  years  are  not  available, 
for  one  month  in  each  year  with  certain  other  data: 


We  give  below,  however,  costs 


December, 
1912 

April, 
1911 

August, 
1910 

March, 
1909 

Tonnage  

64,807 

58,441 

37,512 

49,182 

Fine  copper,  production,  pounds. 

893,492 

952,284 

638,165 

888,569 

Costs: 

Mining  and  freight  per  ton  .... 

$0.7406 

$0.9583 

$0.9854 

$0.8866 

Smelting  per  ton  

1.2486 

1.106 

1.2386 

1.0192 

Converting  per  pound  

.0065662* 

.00437* 

.005435* 

.0041233* 

Frt.,  ref.,  sell.  comm.  per  pound 

.025* 

.025* 

.025* 

.025* 

Shipment,  tons  : 

1912 

1911 

1910 

1909 

Mother  Lode  

410,686 

340,029 

359,502 

338,639 

Wellington  Camp  

9,935 

27,361 

15,591 

Lone  Star  &  Washington  

2,101 

3,064 

11  950 

Napoleon  

17,118 

14,134 

11,774 

16,614 

Queen  Victoria  

1,080 

Orodenoro  

13,337 

11,771 

1  After  miscellaneous  earnings. 


See  also  Appendix,  page  371 


156 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


BRITANNIA  MINING  AND  SMELTING  CO.,  LTD. 
BRITANNIA  BEACH,  HOWE  SOUND,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


Production,  Ib.  copper  
Production,  ounces  silver  
Tons  treated 

14,300,000 
76,500 
193,000 

8,685,000 
46,000 

Average  copper  value.  .  .  
Average  silver  value  

$11.10 
$     .33 

118,900 

Total  value  

$11.43 

Costs  (estimated): 

$1  00 

Transportation 

.30 

Treatment 

1  625 

Total  

$2  .  925 

Remarks. — The  mine  is  developed  by  tunnels.  A  long  main  haulage 
tunnel  is  now  being  driven  1200  ft.  deeper  than  the  lowest  workings.  Ore  is 
now  transported  by  aerial  tramway  from  upper  workings.  Tram  is  3| 
miles  long  to  concentrator  situated  at  Britannia  Beach,  Howe  Sound.  Ore- 
bodies  originally  developed  were  large  but  low  grade.  Owing  to  zinc  and 
iron  in  the  ore,  difficulties  were  met  with  in  concentration.  Grade  concen- 
trate was  very  low. 

In  1909  in  some  new  work  which  was  being  carried  on  a  vein  was  encount- 
ered which  carried  better  values  with  less  iron  and  zinc.  A  considerable 
tonnage  of  2^  to  3  per  cent,  copper  ore  was  developed  here.  The  ore 
carries  about  ^o  oz.  of  silver  to  the  per  cent,  copper.  The  copper  occurs  as 
chalcopyrite.  The  concentrates  are  shipped  to  Tacoma  for  smelting.  The 
concentrates  as  shipped  now  run  about  14  per  cent,  copper  and  1.4  oz.  silver 
per  ton.  The  mine  is  4  miles  from  the  sea.  Elevation  of  mine,  3500  ft. 

Mining  method  is  glory  hole  and  tunnel.  Mine  and  mill  have  hydro- 
electric power.  The  ore-bodies  are  very  wide,  occurring  as  lenses  in  big 
mineralized  zone. 

Some  of  the  above  has  been  taken  from  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Minister 
of  Mines  in  British  Columbia. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


157 


THE    CONSOLIDATED    MINING    AND    SMELTING    CO. 
OF  CANADA,  LTD. 

TRAIL,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 


15  Months, 
ended  Sept. 
30,  1913 

Year  ended 
June  30,  1912 

Year  ended 
June  30,  1911 

Receipts  : 
Income  sales  smelter  product  ore,  etc  
Product  on  hand  end  of  year 

$8,018,485 
1,109,770 

$4,911,231 

868,112 

$4,462,077 
888,597 

Total                  

9,128,255 

5,779,343 

5,350,674 

Prod,  on  hand  beginning  of  year  

868,112 

888,597 

812,933 

Total  

8,260,143 

4,890,746 

4,537,741 

Rents  and  sundry  income  

20,459 

7,499 

2,109 

Total  income  

$8,280,602 

$4,898,245 

$4,539,850 

Expenses: 

Custom  ore  purchased  
Freight,  ore  from  company's  mines  
Min.,  smelt,  and  general  expense  
Development  

$3,151,325 
71,046 
3,110,794 
598,239 
146  019 

$1,805,275 
55,413 
2,162,227 
319,548 
43  120 

$1,197,343 
172,322 
2,269,892 
438,354 

Deprec  of  plant 

193  256 

185  120 

193,342 

Royalties,  director's  fees  and  sundry  

11,554 

17,192 

66,317 

Total  expenses 

$7  282  235 

$4  587  899 

$4,337,572 

Profit  

$998,367 

$310,346 

$202,278 

PRODUCTION,  JULY  1,   1912,  TO  SEPTEMBER  30,  1913 


Weight 
in  tons 

Gold  in 
ounces 

Silver  in 
ounces 

Lead  in 
pounds 

Copper 
in  pounds 

Gross 
value 

Center  Star  —  ore 

193  293 

Center    Star  —  concen- 

42 

129,713 

62,210 

1,843,642 

$2,995,514 

trates. 
LeRoi  —  ore  

66,113 

—  concentrates.  .  . 
Sullivan  —  ore  

475 
41,284 

27,876 

29,376 
448,379 

23,411,667 

1,276,826 

814,469 
1,281,150 

St.  Eugene—  ore  

1,826 

.     46,082 

1,690,885 

98,623 

Number  seven  —  ore  .... 
Molly  Gibson  —  ore 

4,526 
1,635 

803 

26,832 
120  932 

39,612 
421  517 

34,451 
93,506 

Silver  King  —  ore  

(1,207) 

(26) 

(7  859) 

(48,071) 

(12,316) 

Number  One  —  ore  

3,027 

114,431 

98,868 

72,534 

Highland  —   c  o  n  c  e  n- 
trates. 
Maestro  —  ore  

146 
157 

2,248 
2,916 

162,497 
144,300 

.    .. 

8,444 
8,190 

Richmond-Eureka  —  ore 

1,368 

47  383 

320  976 

42,124 

Smelted—  Trail  smelter  . 

407,124 

186,017 

3,224,408 

48,325,252 

3,454,814 

8,335,668 

158 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CONS.  MINING  &  SMELTING  CO.  OF  CANADA,  LTD.  —  Continued 


1912 

Tons 

Gold  in 
ounces 

Silver  in 
ounces 

Lead   in 
pounds 

Copper 
in  pounds 

Gross 
value 

Center  Star  group. 

170,082 

83,946 

46,208' 

1,859  894 

$2  005  356 

Le  Roi  

39,345 

15,016 

17,633 

764,502 

428  964 

St.  Eugene  —  ore  

13,460 

59,673 

2,538,163 

133  465 

—  concentrates 

2,288 

Richmond  Eureka  
Molly  Gibson  —  cone  .  .  . 
Number  One  

1,626 
2,144 
436 

56,747 
118,511 
41,738 

278,079 
652,669 
27,154 

42,875 
90,993 
25,753 

Sullivan 

(21,189) 

(205,654) 

(10  569,211) 

(517  206) 

Trail  smelter  

Smelted 
296,458 

129,789 

1,765,992 

26,072,074 

2,914,181 

$5,083,078 

1911 

Tons  ore 

Gold  in 
ounces 

Silver  in 
ounces 

Lead  in 
pounds 

Copper 
in   pounds 

Gross 
value 

Center  Star  group  . 

193,223 

81,348 

60,200 

2,318,456 

$1,980,112 

St.  Eugene  —  ore  

47,705 

—  concentrates 

7,708 

204,044 

9,012,152 

429,044 

Richmond-Eureka  
Phoenix  amalgamated  .  . 
Snowshoe  (leased)  
Sullivan  (leased)  
Number  Seven  group.  .  . 
Queen  Victoria  

3,168 
2,244 
85,627 
34,065 
1,776 
1,985 

46 
5,335 

445 
13 

115,656 
379 
22,450 
258,376 
20,052 
744 

720,306 

14,187,354 
49,674 

6,195 
2,001,700 

59,210 

87,638 
1,885 
363,702 
635,223 
19,339 
7,977 

Molly  Gibson  
Trail  smelter  

733 

Smelted 
388,785 

119,067 

31,043 

1,458,758 

197,634 
24,026,015 

4,421,988 

23,435 
4,437,901 

1894  to  date 

Weight 
in  tons 

Gold  in 
ounces 

Silver  in 
ounces 

Lead  in 
pounds 

Copper  in 
pounds 

Gross 
value 

Center  Star 

2  033  964 

1,016,643 

1,019,368 

34,261,009 

$26,489,615 

Le  Roi  —  ore 

1  601  738 

764,912 

1,109,298 

44,634,008 

22,462,640 

—  concentrates 

475 

Sullivan.  .  .  . 

188,648 

1,694,402 

86,821,629 

4,364,805 

St.  Eugene  —  ore.  .  .  . 
Number  Seven  
i  Molly  Gibson  
i  Silver  King  
i  Number  One  
1  Highland  

1,017,106 
7,388 
4,512 
(1,207) 
3,463 
146 

1,472 

(26) 

5,365,232 
58,395 
270,486 
(7,859) 
156,169 
2,248 

229,305,721 
89,286 
1,271,820 

126,022 
162,497 

(48,071) 

10,626,608 
64,898 
207,934 
(12,316) 
98,287 
8,444 

1  Maestro  

157 

2,916 

144,300 

8,190 

Richmond-Eureka.  . 

14,120 

663,769 

4,168,104 

507,285 

Phoenix  amalga- 
mated. 
Smelted  —  Trail 
smelter. 

2,493 
3,551,051 

53 
1,332,929 

423 
23,449,031 

299,295,896 

8,409 
54,244,797 

2,336 
60,502,672 

Note. — Production  given  above  includes  that  of  previous  owners. 
1  Since  Company  acquired  property  only.     Previous  records  not  available. 
See  also  Appendix,  page  372 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


159 


CENTRE  STAR  MINE 
ROSSLAND,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 


Production 


1911-12 


1910-11 


1,859,891 

2,318,456 

Ounces  Ag 

46,208 

60,200 

Ounces  Au 

'    83,946 

81,348 

Total  income  
Total  exp  

$1,703,132.30 
1,301,434.66 

$1,673,184.49 
1,415,734.93 

Working  profit  

$401,697.64 

$257,449.56 

Tons  mined 

170,082 

193,223 

Av  grade  per  ton                    i 

Au  .494 

'  Au  .421 

Costs  per  ton  :  —  Mining  
Hauling  
Smelting  

Ag  .27 
Cu   .53% 
$4.53 
.20 
2.91 

Ag.31 
Cu  .60% 
$4.14 
.20 
2.98 

Total  cost  per  ton  

$7.64 

$7.32 

Fe 


CaO 


APPROXIMATE  ANALYSIS  OF  ORE 


15  per  cent. 
44  per  cent. 

5  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 

8  per  cent. 


S 

Remarks.  Accessibility.'  —  Within  half  mile  of  town  of  Rossland,  B.  C. 
Altitude  about  3800  ft.  Railroad  connection  by  Canadian  Pacific  Ry.  to 
within  10  ft.  of  shaft  house.  Smelter  10  miles  distant  by  railway,  at  Trail, 
B.  C.  Also  connection  to  Great  Northern  Ry. 

Character  of  Ore.  —  Variable  amounts  of  pyrrhotite  and  chalcopyrite, 
carrying  gold  and  silver  in  silicious  gangue. 

Ore-body.  —  Deposition  and  replacement  in  shear  zones  and  intersecting 
fissures  in  monzonite  and  porphyry  cut  by  numerous  dykes.  Dip  45°  to  75°. 

Width.  —  Variable  from  few  inches  to  10  ft. 

Method  of  Opening.  —  By  inclined  shaft  with  levels  at  intervals  of  100  to 
150  ft. 

Method  of  Mining.  —  Overhead  stoping  on  square  sets,  stulls,  or  by  shrink- 
age system. 

Depth  of  Mine.  —  2000  ft 

Amount  of  Water.—  250,000  to  500,000  gal.  per  24  hours. 

Method  of  Ore  Reduction.-  —  Hand  sorting  and  smelting. 

General  Conditions.  —  Country  rock  and  ore  both  very  hard;  ore-bodies 
erratic  in  distribution  and  values,  requiring  large  amount  of  development  and 
exploratory  work,  often  35  per  cent,  to  40  per  cent,  of  total  cost  of  mining. 


160  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

CANADA  COPPER  CORPORATION 
YALE  DISTRICT,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,   CANADA 

This  company  owns  the  Copper  Mountain  property.     An  extensive  de- 
velopment campaign  was  carried  on  at  the  property  in  1913. 
ESTIMATED  COST  PER  TON 

Mining •. $1 . 00 

Milling  and  transportation 1.00  (Flotation  methods) 

Smelting  and  freight 90  (Ratio  of  conct.  16  :  1) 

General .^5 

$3.05 

Credit,  Au,  Ag .25 

Per  ton $2 . 80 

On  yield  of  28  Ib.  per  ton,  cost  per  pound  is  $.  10. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  372 

VOIGT'S  CAMP 

YALE  DISTRICT,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 

The  following  estimated  cost  and  other  data  are  given  on  Voigt's  Camp, 
located  near  Princeton,  B.  C.  This  camp  came  into  prominence  in  1912  and 
1913  through  the  development  work  carried  on  in  that  section  by  the  British 
Columbia  Company. 

ESTIMATED  COST  PER  TON 

Mining $1.10 

Smelting 1 . 65 

Selling,  refining,  etc 75 

General.  .  .  .20 


$3.70 
Credit,  Au,  Ag 80 


Cost  per  ton $2.90 

On  yield  of  24  Ib.,  cost  per  pound  will  be  12  cent?s. 

Remarks. — Location. — Property  is  situated  12  miles  from  Princeton, 
B.  C.,  which  is  on  the  Great  Northern  Railway. 

Accessibility. — Same  as  Copper  Mt.,  B.  C. 

Character  Ore  and  Geology.  —  Ore  occurs  as  disseminated  chalcopyrite 
associated  with  hematite  and  magnetite  in  lenticular  bodies  of  varying  size. 
The  ore  carries  about  80  cents  gold  and  is  self  fluxing  except  for  a  small 
sulphur  deficiency.  The  country  rock  is  diorite  and  granite. 

Mining. — Same  as  for  Copper  Mt.,  B.  C. 

Smelting. — For  economical  utilization  of  these  ores,  smelter  will  have  to 
be  erected  in  vicinity  of  the  mine,  and  railroad  connections  made  to  base  of 
supplies. 

General  Conditions, — Same  as  for  Copper  Mt.,  B.  C, 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


161 


GRANBY   CONSOLIDATED   MINING,   SMELTING   AND   POWER 

CO.,  LTD. 
GRAND  FORKS,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 


Year  Ending  June  30 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


22,688,614 

13,231,121 

17,858,860 

22,750  111 

324,336 

225,305 

343,178 

355  749 

47,266 

33,932 

41,707 

48  804 

Income,  expenses  and  profit  : 

$4,782,691 

$2,874,759 

$3,219,271 

$4,099  925 

Expenses,  mine,  smelt,  frt.,  ref.,  sell., 
and  gen.  expenses. 

$3,402,972 
165,119 

$2,128,211 
163,169 

$2,710,073 
291,783 

$3,343,150 
191,828 

$3,568,092 

$2,291,380 

$3,001,856 

$3,534  978 

Net  profit  

$1,214,599 

$583,3781 

$217,415 

$564,946 

Costs  per  ton: 

$0.754 

$0  771 

7    months 
$0  87 

254 

1  340 

1  361 

11 

Total  cost  per  ton  

$2.65 

$2.90 

$2.77 

$2.5952 
.    .    $2  50 

blister. 
Cost  of  smelting  

$1.214 

$1.256 

Cost  per  pound: 
Cred.,  gold  and  silver.    

Ore  smelted,  tons: 
Granby  

10.6j< 
1,264,690 

ll.li 

721,719 

ll.li 

959,563 

10.3jf 
1,175,548 

Foreign  
Mine  dev.,  feet  
Price,  copper  

Metal  recovered  per  ton: 

15,179 
11,517 
16.039j5 

17.68 

17,800 
6,365 
15.58$f 

24,783 
9,894 
12.32>< 

21,829 
13,267 
12.912f< 

18.70 

Silver,  ounces 

208 

.2281 

Gold,  ounces 

.0326 

.370 

Grade  matte,  per  cent  

Average  Value  of  Ore  in  Mine  : 
Copper,  per  cent.  ... 

32.9 

33.9 



35.7 
1.25 

.25 

Gold,  ounces  

.043 

1  Depreciation   not  included,    $600,562. 
11 


Cost  per  ton  for  year,  $2.79. 


162 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Notes  on  1912  Operations. — Per  cent,  coke  used  1912  per  ton  ore  13.0 
per  cent.  Smelting  cost  for  1912  was  $1.256  and  for  the  last  five  months  was 
$1.20.  Converting  cost  was  $.084  per  ton  ore.  Converting  cost  last  five 
months  was  $.0637  ton  ore.  The  copper  lost  in  slags  in  1912  was  4.2  Ib. 
The  average  grade  of  ore  treated  in  1912  was:  copper  1.25  per  cent., 
silver  .29  oz.,  and  gold  .043.  Coke  at  close  of  1912  was  obtained  from 
Pennsylvania  at  a  cost  of  $10.55  per  ton.  The  average  cost  per  ton  of 
smelting  alone  for  1912  was  $1.256—1911,  $1.172,  and  1910,  $1.187. 

Remarks. — Mine  is  developed  by  shaft  to  approximately  1000  ft.  Ore- 
bodies  occur  as  large  lenses.  Two  important  ore-bodies  one  2500  ft.  long,  by 
40  to  125  ft.  thick,  by  370  to  900  ft.  wide;  other  lense  apparently  not  so 
large.  The  surface  ores  are  worked  by  glory-hole  or  quarrying.  Under- 
ground ores  are  worked  by  pillar  and  room  method.  The  ores  are  princi- 
pally chalcopyrite,  though  some  carry  pyrite  and  pyrrhotite.  The  average 
analysis  of  the  ore  is  as  follows:  SiO2  35  per  cent.,  Fe  13  per  cent.,  CaO  17 
per  cent.,  Al2Os  8  per  cent.,  and  MgO  3  per  cent. 

The  underground  workings  are  very  extensive,  aggregating  15  miles. 
Haulage  is  by  electricity.  Cars  of  large  capacity.  Trains  dump  auto- 
matically into  the  ore  pockets  without  stopping.  Many  such  labor  saving 
devices  as  these  have  been  installed.  The  mine  is  situated  24  miles  from 
the  smelter  by  railroad.  Capacity  of  plant,  4500  tons.  Smelting  operations 
have  been  severely  interfered  with,  owing  to  shortage  of  coke  due  to  labour 
strikes.  This  has  necessitated  numerous  shut  downs  at  the  plant. 

The  recovery  from  the  ore  is  about  85  per  cent.  Slags  vary  from  .2  per 
cent,  to  .25  per  cent.  The  matte  averages  from  35  per  cent,  to  40  per  cent, 
copper. 

Granby  is  an  extremely  low  cost  direct  smelting  proposition.  The  condi- 
tions are  very  favourable,  the  ore  though  extremely  low  in  copper  is  a  good 
smelting  mixture  and  this  together  with  the  large  tonnage  handled  and  the 
great  efficiency  employed  make  possible  the  costs  obtained. 

Some  of  the  above  data  under  "Remarks"  has  been  taken  from  the 
Canadian  Department  of  Mines. 

RESUME   OF  OPERATIONS,  1900  TO  1910,  INCL. 


Year 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908   I    1909 

1910 

Dry  tons 

172,258 

296,162290,133514,387551,304796,528644,549865,030 

963,5101,178,853 

shipped.  . 

Pounds 

31.49 

27.23 

24.58 

22.87 

24.68 

24.30 

24.43 

23.42 

21.90 

18.70 

cop.    rec. 

per  ton. 

Cost    per 

$4.77 

$4.08 

$3.75 

$3.35 

$3.14 

$2.87 

$3.28 

$3.11 

$2.85 

$2.59 

ton. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA  163 

HIDDEN  CREEK  COPPER  COMPANY 

GRANBY  BAY,  OBSERVATION  INLET,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 
(Owned  by  the  Granby  Consolidated  Mining,  Smelting,  &  Power  Co.) 
Although  no  actual  costs  have  yet  been  made  at  this  property,  as  the  mine 
is  still  in  the  equipment  stage,  we  believe  that  the  data  at  hand  of  the  esti- 
mated cost  may  be  of  interest.     The  property  is  now  being  equipped  with  a 
2000-ton  smelter  by  the  Granby  Consolidated  M.  S.  &  P.  Co.,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated that  production  will  begin  early  in  1914. 

The  mine  is  located  at  Anyox,  British  Columbia,  near  the  Alaska  line,  in 
the  foothills  of  the  Burniston  Mountains.  The  elevation  of  the  mine  is  from 
500  to  900  ft.  above  sea  level.  The  smelter  site  is  situated  on  tide  water  only 
a  short  distance  from  the  mine.  The  natural  advantages  for  water  trans- 
portation, mining  and  smelting  are  very  good.  . 

The  rock  formation  is  schist  and  the  ore  is  a  massive  iron  pyrite  with  some 
chalcopyrite  and  pyrrhotite  and  a  little  bornite,  with  small  values  in  gold  and 
silver.  The  ore-bodies  apparently  occur  in  lenses;  one  of  these  is  opened  for 
750  ft.  in  length  and  is  180  ft.  in  width.  Another  ore-body  is  in  chimney 
formation,  roughly,  500  ft.  in  diameter. 
Estimated  Cost  per  ton : 

Mining $    .93 

Smelting 1 .75         Credit  Gold  and  Silver f   .20 

Sell.  Mkt.,  etc 70         Total  cost / 3 . 30 

General 0.12         Cost  per  Ib 8.4j< 

Yield  per  ton 39  Ibs. 

Total $3.50 

Average   analysis   of  the  ore  is:  Silica,  26.4%;  iron,  27.6%;  lime,  4%; 
sulphur,  24.3%;  alumina,  6.00%;  magnesium,  2.4%. 
Ore  reserves  Dec.  31,  1913,  9,000,000  tons;  2.3%  copper. 
The  ores  are  direct  smelting.     Plant  has  converters. 

Note. — Since  the  above  was  written  the  smelter  has  been  placed  in  com- 
mission— the  first  furnace  having  been  blown  in  in  March,  1914. 


164 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


NEW  DOMINION  COPPER  CO.,  LTD. 
GREENWOOD,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 


Year  ended  March  31 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Ore  sales. ., 

Total  inc.  miscl 

Min.  dev.,  admin,  and  legal  exp 


Operating  profit. 


Production : 

Copper,  pounds 5,317,424 

Silver,  ounces 79,450 

Gold,  ounces 10,762 

Tons  ore  treated,  gross 292,187 

Tons  ore  treated,  dry 283,898 

Gross  value $1,149,913 

Total  deductions 684,663 

Net  value $465,250 

Less  freight,  25*5  ton 73,047 

$392,203 

Average  assay  ore: 

Copper,  per  cent 1 . 2865 

Silver,  ounces .27985 

Gold,  ounces .03799 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining $.6539 

Development .  1271 

Construction .  0280 

Crushing .0255 

Genl.  surface  and  office .0621 

Total  f.o,b.  cars $. 

Treatment $1 . 85 

General  operations: 

No.  working  days 338 

Men  employed  (av.) 138. 7 

Av.  tons  per  month 24,363 

Av.  tons  per  man  per  day 6. 144 

Tons    broken    per    machine    drill    per  92.8 
shift. 

Development,  feet 2873 

Price  rec'd  for  copper,  cents  per  Ib. .  .  .  16.655 

Price  rec  'd  for  silver,  cents  per  oz 61 . 743 


$392,203 
398,172 
281,223 


$116,949 


Property  closed 

from   Nov.  5, 

11,  to  Feb.  1,  12 

$11,810  loss 


179,6051 


$3,045  loss* 


1,611,880 

22,430 

3,828 

90,858 

88,613 

$287,527 

209,632 


$  77,895 
22,722 


$55,172 


Shipped.     2  Deficit  on  preliminary  ore  shipments. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  373. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 


165 


SNOWSHOE  MINE 
PHOENIX  CAMP,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 


Production 


1910-11 


1909-10 


2,001,700 

4,029,902 

22,450 

42,561 

5,335 

12,413 

Total  income          7  

$234,818.19 

$523,407.67 

265,495.34 

551,252.38 

Loss                           

$30,677.15 

$37,844.71 

85,628 

182,383 

Au    .062 

Au    .068 

Costs  per  ton  : 
Mining              

Ag     .  262 
Cu  1.168% 

$1.00 

Ag     .233 
Cul.10 

$   .92 

Hauling 

.60 

.60 

Smelting                                                                   .  . 

1.50 

1.50 

Total  cost  per  ton  

$3.10 

$3.02 

APPROXIMATE  ANALYSIS 


Fe 
CaO 


Sul 


12      per  cent. 

17      per  cent. 

41      per  cent. 

2.5  per  cent. 


Remarks.  Accessibility.  —  Branch  of  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  crosses 
the  property. 

Character  of  Ore.  —  Chalcopyrite  in  gangue  of  lime  silicates,  calcite, 
hematite,  etc.  Copper  1  to  1$  per  cent,  with  $1  to  $2  in  gold  and  silver. 

Character  of  Ore-body.  —  Impregnation  deposit  in  altered  bedded  cal- 
careous rocks. 

Width.  —  Thickness  varies  from  nothing  to  80  ft. 

Method  of  Opening.-  —  Shaft  and  levels,  large  proportion  of  ore  comes  from 
open  quarry  workings. 

Method  of  Mining.  —  Chamber  and  pillars,  small  pillars  and  large  cham- 
bers, worked  on  shrinkage  system,  where  possibly  running  suitable  chute 
raises. 

Depth  of  Mine.  —  200  ft.  from  surface  at  deepest  point. 

Amount  of  Water  Pumped.  —  Usually  small. 

Method  of  Ore  Reduction.'  —  Straight  smelting  without  roasting,  owing  to 
low  sulphur  content. 

General  Conditions.  —  Altitude  4500  ft.  Fairly  heavy  snowfall.  Elec- 
tric power  used.  Ground  good;  hence,  practically  no  timber  required  and 
mining  costs  less  than  $1  per  ton.  Ore  practically  self-fluxing.  Conditions 
generally  favourable. 


166 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SULLIVAN  MINE 

EAST  KOOTENAY,  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  CANADA 
U.  S.  Currency 


Production 


1911-12 


1910-11 


Pounds  lead 10,569,211  14,187,354 

Ounces  silver 205,654  258,376 

Total  income 8408,104.38  $470,854.82 

Total  expense 311,323.53  400,317.35 

Profit $96,780.85                       $70,537.47 

Tons  mined 20,159                           34,063 

Av.  grade  per  ton Ag  10.0  Ag    7.6 

Pb26.2  Pb20.9     . 
Costs  per  ton: 

Mining $5.86                             $4.04 

Hauling 1.60                              1.60 

Smelting 7.98                              6.12 

Total  cost  per  ton I       $15.44 $11.76 

APPROXIMATE  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ORE 

Pb 25  per  cent. 

Fe 16  per  cent. 

SiOj 8  per  cent. 

AlzOs 2  per  cent. 

Sul 21  per  cent. 

Zn 17  per  cent. 

Remarks.  Accessibility. — Branch  of  C.  P.  Ry.  to  1|  miles  from  mine 
reached  by  aerial  tramway  from  mouth  of  tunnel. 

Character  of  Ore.' — Complex  zinc-lead-silver  ore,  sulphides  of  lead  and  zinc, 
with  pyrrhotite  variable  in  analysis.  Massive  and  little  gangue.  Ore-body 
thick,  flat,  lying,  deposit  probably  replacement  of  quartzites.  Forms  more 
or  less  lenticular. 

Width.— Few  feet  to  100  ft. 

Method  of  Opening. — Drifts  and  raises  and  winzes  from  adit  levels. 

Depth  of  Mine.— 100  ft.  below  adit  tunnel. 

Amount  of  Water  Pumped. — Practically  none. 

Method  of  Ore  Reduction. — Hand-sorting  and  smelting  for  lead  and  silver 
values. 

General  Conditions. — Favourable  for  cheap  production  provided  whole 
deposit  could  be  worked.  At  present  only  ore  high  in  lead  can  be  mined, 
leaving  the  more  zincy  ore  standing.  Water  power  used  to  operate  com- 
pressor and  electric  plant.  Climate:  cold  winters,  fairly  heavy  fall  of  snow. 
Altitude  4800  ft.  Fine  dry  summers. 


ONTARIO 

DOME  MINES  COMPANY,  LIMITED 

SOUTH  PORCUPINE,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

Year  Ended  Mar.  31 

U.S.  Currency 


1913 


Gross  proceeds  ore $1,043,995 

Working  expenses i  534,039 

Net  earnings j  $509,956 

Transferred  to  balance  sheet  after  dev.  gen'l  charge  and  fire  loss ;  $371,228 

Tons  ore  mined 128,015 

Tons  ore  sent  to  mill 102,838 

Of  ore  sent  to  mill  from  open  pits  there  were,  tons 93,581 

Ore  from  development. 9,255 

Tons  ore  milled 101,812 

Yield  by  amalgamation $560,481 

Yield  by  cyanidation 483,513 

Total  value $1,043,995 

Value  per  ton  yield $10.25 

Recovery  amalgamation  and  cyaniding,  per  cent 95.63 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining $1.31 

Crushing. 0.24 

Milling 2.11 

General 1.29 

Total...  $4.95 


Operating  costs,  given  in  detail  above,  are  high  and  considerable  reduc- 
tion may  be  expected  for  the  forthcoming  year,  especially  in  power,  superin- 
tendence and  general. 

MISCELLANEOUS  DATA  ON   DEVELOPMENT 


Drifts  and 
crosscuts 


Linear  development: 

Footage  drilled  per  machine  shift. 

Footage  advanced  per  machine  shift. 
Stoping : 

Holes  drilled  per  machine  shift 

Footage  drilled  per  machine  shift 

Tons  broken  per  machine  shift 

Tramming  from  boxes : 

Average  tons  per  man  shift 

Tramming  and  Development : 

Average  tons  per  man  shift 


36 
1.68 

3.4i 
30 
43.7 


16.5 
.62 

5.02 
38.7 
43.7 


22.7 
6.1 


Rand  No.  43. 


2  Rand  Hand  Hammer. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  373  and  399 

167 


168 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


HOLLINGER  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
PORCUPINE,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 
YEAR  ENDED  DECEMBER  31,  1912 

Profit $600,664 

Ore  hoisted,  tons 36,446 

Ore  milled,  tons 45,195 

Gross  value $970,304 

Value  recovered 933,681 

Of  which  gold  was 927,134 

Of  which  silver  was 6,547 

Average  value  ore  treated $21 . 44 

Costs. — The  costs  for  the  year  would  be  meaningless  as  work  was  badly 
deranged.  Operations  did  not  start  until  the  middle  of  the  year,  and  in 
November  and  December  production  fell  off  owing  to  strike  at  the  mine. 
Costs  for  February  are  given,  although  they  are  inordinately  high.  They 
are  indicative  of  what  may  be  expected. 

COSTS  PER  TON,  FOUR  WEEKS  ENDED  FEBRUARY  25,  1913 

Mining $3.588 

Milling 1 .493 

Administration,  management  and  insurance 407 

General  charges 209 

Clearing  roads 015 

Operating  camp 261 

$5.973 
Alteration  mill,  strike,  etc 771 

Total $6.744 

DATA  FOR  FOUR  WEEKS  ENDING  MAY  20,  1913 

Per  ton  of  ore 
milled 

Administration,  management,  taxes,  insurance,  etc $ .  705 

General  charges .  300 

Clearing  surface,  roads,  etc .  174 

Mining 4 . 478 

Milling 2 . 280 

Marketing  bullion .229 

Operating  camp .  366 

Alterations  to  general  plant .  103 

Fire  protection .  044 

$8.679 
Extraordinary  expenditures : 

Loss  on  temporary  boarding  houses .  367 

Strike  expenses .237 


$9.283 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA  169 

Tons  mined,  6596  tons.  Average  value  all  ore  hoisted,  $17 . 53.  The  mill 
ran  49  per  cent,  of  possible  running  time  treating  a  total  of  6550  tons. 
Average  value  of  ore  treated,  $17 . 53.  Approximate  extraction,  95  per  cent. 
The  mining  cost  may  be  divided  as  follows,  per  ton  milled:  Exploration, 
$.227.,  development,  $.745;  production,  $3.506;  total,  $4.478.  During  the 
above  period  the  mill  was  shut  down  12  days  owing  to  mishaps  at 
power  plants. 

The  report  states  that  profit  from  January  1  to  May  20, 1913,  was  $598,505. 

FROM  REPORT  NOVEMBER  2,  1912 

Capacity  of  mill  with  40  stamps  (450  to  500  tons  per  day) 

Maximum  stamp  capacity  per  day 12  tons 

Capacity  cyanide  plant 600  tons 

Mill  handling  in  November,  1912 300  tons  per  day. 

Ore  averaging  in  November,  1912 $30 

Extraction 97  per  cent. 

The  report  states  that  operations  in  the  mill  have  been  satisfactory,  the 
the  only  changes  being  in  the  cyanide  plant  where  Dorr  thickeners  will  be 
substituted  in  place  of  Trent  agitators. 

Notes. — Ore  occurs  in  quartz  veins  in  schist.     Gold  is  free  and  with  pyrite. 

Numerous  parallel  veins  are  under  development.  Development  carried 
on  to  depth  of  300  ft.  The  main  vein  is  from  8  to  9  ft.  wide.  The  method  of 
treatment  in  the  mill  is  as  follows : 

Coarse  grinding,  stamping  in  cyanide  solution,  tube  milling,  concentration, 
and  cyanide  treatment  of  both  gangue  and  concentrates. 

Porcupine  and  the  mine  have  railway  connection  with  the  through  lines. 

Labor :— Skilled  $3.25  to  $3.75;  unskilled  $2.50  to  $3.  500  men  em- 
ployed. Mine  and  mill  have  electric  power  generated  from  water  power. 

1913  Operations:— Income,  $2,471,273;  Gross  Profit,  $1,628,113.  Tons 
milled,  140,131.  Value:  Hollinger  ore,  $18.56;  Acme  Ore,  $12.49;  Tails, 
$0.723.  Mill  extraction,  96.085%;  Stamp  duty,  11.51  tons.  Cost  per  ton: 
Min.,  $1.961;  Dev.  and  exp.,  $1.128;  Mill,  $1.753;  Genl.,  $1.267;  Total, 
$6.108.  Total  aft.  Acme  charge  and  deprec.,  $6.973.  Ore  reserves,  845,300 
tons.  Value,  $13.71  per  ton. 


170  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


PORCUPINE  CROWN  MINES,  LIMITED 
PORCUPINE,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

Six  Months  Ended  December  31,  1913 

Production  of  gold $300,000.00 

Gross  income 

Expenses $150,000.00 

Working  profit 

Net  profit $150,000.00 

Mine  and  mill : 

Tons  mined 30,000 

Tons  waste  sorted 10,000 

Tons  milled 20,000 

Average  value  per  ton $20 . 50 

Per  cent,  recovered  amalgamation 85 

Tons  cyanided 50001 

Per  cent,  recovered 961 

Total  recovery 

Six  weeks,  ended  Dec.  31. 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining $2.11 

Development $1.17 

Prospecting 60 

Milling 1 . 64 

General 1 . 50 

Administration  and  head  office. . .  .77 


Total $7.79 

General  Data. — Average  tonnage,  75  per  day;  development,  etc.,  5000  ft.;  ore  shoot, 
600ft.  long.  Location  and  accessibility,  Porcupine  district.  Geology  and  ore  occurrence; 
width,  vein,  4  ft.;  method  of  development,  shaft;  depth  of  shaft,  500  ft.;  method  of  mining, 
overhead  stoping  and  shrinking;  method  of  milling,  present  continuous  decantation  stamps 
to  4  mesh,  tube  mill  to  120  mesh,  then  thickened  to  40  per  cent,  moisture  in  five  tanks. 

General. — Strike  in  progress  for  first  few  months.  No  regular  work 
carried  on  until  June.  Extra  cost  in  winter  due  to  heating.  In  1914 
operating  on  100  tons  per  day  at  total  cost  of  $7  per  ton  and  extraction  of 
over  96  per  cent,  on  $20  heads. 


ONTARIO 


171 


COBALT,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

The  mines  of  Cobalt  are  very  much  alike  in  every  particular.  The  veins 
are  narrow  fissures  varying  in  width  from  1  in.  to  1.5  ft.  to  2  ft.  The  ores 
are  mainly  native  silver,  argentite  and  silver-bearing  niccolite  and  smaltite 
with  calcite  gangue.  They  are  very  rich,  as  a  rule,  but  the  veins  are  irregular 
both  in  length  and  depth.  A  depth  of  250  ft.  for  the  district  is  probably 
a  fair  average. 

The  mines  first  worked  only  the  narrow  streaks  of  rich  ore  but  are  now 
going  after  the  ore  carrying  20  oz.  silver  and  milling  it.  There  is  quite  a 
tonnage  of  this  ore  in  the  mines  and  surface  dumps. 

The  high-grade  ores  are  shipped  to  the  smelters. 

The  mills  vary  materially  as  to  character  of  machinery  and  methods. 
(See  Mine  Notes.) 

Owing  to  the  narrow  width  and  irregularity  of  the  veins  the  costs  per  ton 
are  very  high,  but  owing  to  the  high  silver  content  the  cost  per  ounce  silver 
produced  is  low. 

The  camp  is  located  on  the  Temiskaming  and  Northern  Ontario  Railroad, 
consequently  transportation  facilities  are  very  good.  The  flow  of  mine 
water  is  not  great. 

THE  BUFFALO  MINES,  LTD. 

COBALT,  CANADA 
Year  Ended  April  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Production  
Profit  

Silver,  ounces 

$853,807.58 
$451,154.19 

1  525  262  23 

$829,337.39 

$412,888.90 

1  540  782  69 

$785,034.05 
$402,013.05 

1  491  750 

$479,482.67 
$204,289.16 

931  991  28 

Mill  ore,  tons 

46,801 

41,484 

33,708 

13  005 

Average  silver,  ounces  gross  
Mill  recovery,  per  cent 

32.35 
83.88 

36.07 
86  98 

40.0 
82  67 

43.5 

86 

Ore  shipped,  tons  
Average  silver,  ounces  

113.0 
2,425.0 

126.5 
2,221.0 

115.5 
3,126.0 

150.0 

3,000.0 

Costs  per  ounce,  silver  :  —  Mining  .  . 
Milling  

$.0846 
0500 

$.0897 
0412 

$.0857 
0391 

$.1136 
0300 

Cyaniding  .    . 

.0151 

.0237 

0188 

Installation  and  repairs  
Depreciation  

.0061 
.0159 

.0184 
.0206 

.0300 
.0218 

.0406 
.0397 

Boarding  house  
Transportation  and  treatment  .  '.  . 
Administration 

.0032 
.0527 
0384 

.0048 
.0487 
0242 

.0034 
.0359 
0229 

.0033 
.0343 
0335 

$.2660 

$.2713 

$.2576 

$.2950 

See  also  Appendix,  page  399 


172 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


COBALT  LAKE  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

COBALT,  CANADA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


Production,  silver,  ounces 

Total  income 

Total  expenses 

Profit 

Tons  ore  hoisted 

Average  gross  value  per  ton 

Tons  ore  milled 

Average  silver  contents,  ounces 

Tons  concentrates  produced 

Silver  in  concentrates,  ounces 

Ounces  silver  rec  'd  per  ton 

Ounces  silver  in  tails 

Cost  per  ton  milling 

Mill  recovery  approximate,  per  cent 

Cost  per  ounce,  silver: 

General  office  expense 

Depreciation,  maintenance,  mill  operation... 

Development 

Ore  extraction 

Exploration 

Total... 


1,123,147 

$649,180.51 
229,080.19 


$420,100.32 

24,647.50 
$26.27 

23,410.40 

28 

664.1 
541,540.5 

22.2 
5.7 

$1.83 
80 


$.04237 
.07107 
.03076 
.02983 
.02881 


$.20284 


The  ores  of  this  property  are  characteristic  of  the  district,  though  there 
is  evidently  a  greater  proportion  of  lower  grade  milling  ore  than  in  the 
veins  of  its  neighbors.  The  milling  practice  is  one  of  concentration  en- 
tirely. The  ore  is  first  picked  over.  Next,  passed  to  a  Blake  Crusher, 
sized  by  trommels,  jigged,  stamped,  sized  and  concentrated  on  Wilfley  and 
Deister  tables,  the  Wilfley  tails  being  re-ground  in  a  tube-mill.  This 
product  and  the  Deister  tails  are  classified  and  reconcentrated  on  Frue 
vanners,  James  slimers  and  canvas  plant.  An  addition  to  the  present 
plant  will  have  twenty  1250-lb.  stamps  and  one  5Xl6-ft.  tube  mill  with 
Deister  sand  tables  and  Frue  vanners. 


ONTARIO 


173 


CROWN  RESERVE  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

COBALT,  CANADA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 


Production 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Gross  production              .    . 

$1,692,060 
556,050 
1,136,010 

2,714,766 
519.3 
4224 
Included  with 
mill  ore 

15,704 
21.41 
16,223 
172.87 

$1,833,516 
553,777 
1,279,739 

3,430,902 
644.561 
4641.0 
390  .  256 
165.0 

6402  .  5 
23.96 

$1,757,824 
572,724 
1,185,100 

3,248,196 
818.95 
3611.0 
1930.4 
103.4 

$2,080,156 
643,758 
1,436,398 

4,034,325 
756.94 
4784.0 
2332.28 
184.0  , 

Expenses,  smelter  charges,  etc..  . 
Profit.  .         

Tons  ore,  high-grade  
Aver,  silver,  ounces  
Tons  ore,  low-grade.  .  .  . 

Aver,  silver,  ounces  

Tons  mill  ore  

Aver,  silver,  ounces  
Total  tons 

2753.0 

3093. 
1304.6 

Aver  silver,  ounces  

Costs 


Per  oz.     |    Per  ton)     Per  oz|     Per  oz. 


Mine  exp 

3  811)5 

0642 

$78  04 

0656 

0530 

Smelter,  frt.,  etc  
Office,  deprec.,  etc  

1.981)5 
1  604 

.0249 
0155 

45.72 
17  78 

.0389 
0152 

.0455 
0046 

Milling  

2.554 

Mine  gen  '1  

4  077 

Total  

14.027^ 

$.1046 

$141  54 

$  1197 

$  1031 

Average  price  rec'd  

62.328j< 

Cost  as  above  

14  .  027 

Net  profit  

48.301*5 

Note. — Increased  cost  of  production  in  1912,  due  to  decrease  in  tonnage 
of  high-grade  ore  shipped  and  increase  of  ore  milled. 

1913  Operations:— Prod.  1,776,678  oz.  silver.  Gross,  $1,056,273.  Oper- 
ating profit,  $528,287.  Cost  per  oz.,  23.81?*.  Dev.  5345  ft. 


174 


MINING  COSTS   OF   THE  WORLD 


KERR  LAKE  MINING  COMPANY,  LTD. 
COBALT,  CANADA 

U.  S.  Currency 
Year  Ended  August  31 


Production  and  profit 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  of  silver 

2,109,975 
$1,182,493 
345,178 

1,855,495 
$1,044,417 
275,242 

2,269,680 
$1,231,245 
293,866 

3,046,295 

$1,542,194 
343,974 

Gross  income 

Expenses  and  smelter  deductions  
Profit  

$837,315 

735    - 
384.5 
3347 
161.5 
450.6 

18,252.3 
29.29 
191.51 
959  .  10 

$769,175 

831.75 
425.0 
•  3416 
245.7 
308 

3988.4 
28.5 
162.04 
1253 

$937,379 

1936.  371 
481.37 
3577.42 
1270.57 
362.14 

$1,198,220 

4,277.19 
655.56 
3,775 
1,179.93 
362 

First  and  second-class  ore  : 
Ore  shipped,  tons  
First-class  ore,  tons  

Average  silver,  ounces  per  ton  
Second-class  ore,  tons  

Average  silver,  ounces  per  ton  

Mill  results  : 
Mill  ore  tons 

Average  ounces  silver  per  ton 

Concentrates,  tons 

Average  ounces  silver  per  ton 

Dump  ore,  tons  

184.43 

2,441.7 
92 

Average  ounces  silver  per  ton  

Cost  per  ounce  : 

Mining  and  development  
Shipping  and  treatnent  
Metal  deduction  

Per  oz., 
cents 

Per  oz., 

cents 

Per  oz., 
cents 

Peroz., 
cents 

Per  ton, 

10.38 
10.45 

12.1 
5.55 

9.71 
4.59 

7.54 
2.29 
2.71 
.73 

$53.077 
$16.315 
$19.307 
5.20 

.56 

.65 

.39 

Tons  of  rock  hoisted  . 

21.39 
43,134 

18.30 

14.69 

13.27 

$93.899 

Of  which  was  ore     .    .        ... 

33,738 

Of  which  was  waste  

9,396 
$5.07 



Cost  mining  per  ton,  43,134  tons.  .  .  . 

1  Includes  jig  concentrates  and  metallic  slimes  as  follows:  Tons,  30.5,  153.93;  oz.  silver, 
928,  75.8. 


ONTARIO 


175 


LA  ROSE  CONSOLIDATED  MINES  CO. 

COBALT,  CANADA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912       |       1911 

1910 

1909 

Prod,  silver,  ounces  •  2,816,597 

3,691,797 
$2,008,126 
739,041 
$1,269,085 
3429.5 
897.25 
36,264 
22.04 
1146.17 
526 
75.37 
53.55f< 
64.17 

2,569,905 
$1,408,255 
498,848 
$909,407 
2500.9 
889.9 
19,398 
29.23 
543.17 
739 
74.61 
53.95>f 
64.94 

3,170,028 
$1,691,099 
748,003 
$943,096 
6333.3 
491 
18,423 
28.58 
628.02 
663 
79.12 
52.26ff 
56.10 

Gross  income  SI.  753.494 

Total  expenses  
Profit 

$730,351 
$1,023,143 
3452.1 
839.7 
33,984 
16.38 
1173.52 
415 

Tons  ore  and  concentrates  produced 
Ave.  silver,  ounce  content 

Tons  ore  milled  ... 

Ave.  ounce,  silver  

Tons  concentrates  
Ave.  ounce,  silver  
Extraction,  per  cent  

Av.  pr.  rec'd  per  ounce,  silver  
Profit  on  production,  per  cent  

61.66*5 
5$.35 

Costs  per  ounce,  silver 

• 

Cost 
per 
ton,  ore 

Cost  per 
ounce, 
silver 

Mining 

$.1179 
.0362 
.0047 
.0587 
.0013 

$.1151 

.0297 
.0037 
.0509 
.0007 
.0001 

$.1146 
.0236 
.0043 
.0510 
.0005 
.0002 

$70.76 
9.69 
1.49 
34.25 
.36 
1.56 

$.1414 
.0193 
.0030 
.0684 
.0007 
:0031 

Concentration  .  . 

Depreciation  
Marketing  
Corporation  exp  
University  mine  exp  

Less  rents,  etc  

.2768 
.0175 

$.2002 
.0082 

.1942 
.0031 

118.11 
1.61 

.2359 
.0032 

Total  $.2593 

$.1920 

$.1911 

$116.50 

$.2327 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1913: — Silver,  2,636,695  oz.  Income,  $1,556,631.  Profit, 
$955,418.  Ore  and  cone,  prod.,  3,274  tons.  Ave.  silver,  oz.,  791.8.  Tons  milled,  37,556. 
Average  silver,  oz.,  13.53.  Tons  concr.,  950.  Average  silver  oz.  ,  460.  Price  silver, 
59.32.  Per  cent,  profit  on  prod.,  61.38.  Cost  per  oz.:  min.,  $.  1474;  cone.,  .0388; 
deprec.,  .0616;  mrkt.,  .0045;  corp.  exp.,  .0008;  total,  $.2531.  Total  after  rents, 
$.2280. 

Note. — The  operations  shown  under  1909  are  from  May  31,  1909,  to  May 
31,  1910,  and  those  shown  under  1910  are  from  June  1,  1910,  to  Dec.  31, 
1910.  At  this  point  the  fiscal  year  changed  to  correspond  with  the  calendar 
years.  The  ore  is  sorted  on  the  surface  on  bumping  tables,  and  the  undersize 
of  l$-in.  screen  is  jigged.  The  fines  are  shipped  to  the  smelters,  and  jig 
tails  together  with  the  discards  from  the  sorting  tables,  are  sent  to  the  custom 
concentrator  and  classed  as  mill  ore. 


176 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


McKINLEY  DARRAGH-SAVAGE    MINES,  LTD. 
COBALT,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 


1912 

1911 

Production  silver,  ounces         

2,704,868 

2,569  654 

Gross  income  

$1,719,702 

$1,503,612 

Total  expenses  

.             565,853 

529,747 

Profit  

$1,153,849 

973,864 

McKinley  |     Savage     |  McKinley  |     Savage 


Tons  ore  and  concentrates  shipped  
Average  silver,  ounces  
Tons  ore  milled  

2,089  .  6 
912.9 
51,897 

503.6 
1,246.4 

17,888 

2,755.28 
741.7 
46,497 

470.74 
1,297.1 
13,917 

Average  silver,  ounces  

32.73 

39.68 

Extraction,  per  cent  

86.93 

89.61 

Average  tonnage  per  day  

161.7 

145.9 

44.89 

Average  price  for  silver,  ounces  

61.66*i 

54.16jf 

54.16jS 

COSTS  PER  TON  MILLED 


McKinley  mine 


McKinley  mine 


Per  ton, 
ore 

Per  oz., 

silver 

Per  ton, 
ore 

Per  oz., 
silver 

Admin  taxes   etc                           .... 

$0  735 

$0.0185 

$0  628 

$0  0143 

General  charges                              

.275 

.0069 

.344 

0078 

f  exploration  

.435 

.0110 

.600 

.0136 

Mining    •(  development  
1  production  

.868 
.956 

.0219 
.0240 

.840 
.806 

.0191 
.0184 

Handling  mill  dumps  

.022 

.0005 

Milling  !.  

1.248 

.0315 

1.366 

.0311 

Bagging  and  loading  concentrates  

.168 

.0043 

.333 

.0076 

Sampling  and  assaying  

.113 

.0029 

.124 

.0028 

Alteration  to  plant  

.043 

.0011 

.134 

.0030 

Surface  and  road  repairs  

.005 

.0001 

.020 

.0005 

.244 

.0062 

.204 

0046 

1  968 

.0497 

2.283 

.0519 

Total 

$7.058 

$0.1781 

$7.704 

$0.1752 

Savage  mine  costs  

$7.483 

$0.2118 

$8.946 

$0.2039 

The  McKinley  ships  comparatively  little  high-grade  ore.  It  makes  a 
practice  of  stoping  good  widths  of  mill  ore  and  shipping  the  high-grade 
concentrates. 

1913  Operations  :— Prod,  silver,  oz.,  2,214,036.  Gross  income,  $1,192,265.  Expenses, 
$420,778.  Profit,  $771,487.  Tons  ore  and  cone,  shipped  M'Kinley,  2,200.  Tons  milled, 
48,761.  Average  silver,  oz..  31.04.  Ext.,  %  86.94.  Price  silver,  59. 19 jf.  Cost  per  ton 
ore  M'Kinley,  $7.369;  per  oz.,  21.8ji.  Savage  per  ton,  $4.989;  per  oz.,  23.88^. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


177 


NIPISSING  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
COBALT,  CANADA 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


4,688,261 
$2,896,990 
$815,279.95 
$2,081,710.15 
1850.9 

5,197,042 
$2,820,257 
$863,263 
$1,956,994 
2992.4 

885.4 

922 
2561 
99 

14,766 
22.3 
73.4 
74.3 

53.58t 

5,548,651 
$2,984,084 
$1,096,150 
$1,887,934 
6717.2 

835 

4,727,231 
$2,462,039 
$1,038,035 
$1,424,004 
6391.7 

724 

Gross  value 

Total  expenses 

Profit  . 

Tons,    ore     and     concentrates 
shipped. 
Average  of  silver  

High-grade  mill  : 

Tons  treated 

1752 
2212 
99 

13,894 
13.3 
65.9 
71.86 

61.457jf 

13,537 
29.6 

Treated  by  custom  mill  : 
Tons  ore  treated  
Average  ounces,    silver  

11,159 
27.9 

Profits    on    production,     per 
cent. 
Ave.  price  rec'd  ounces,  silver 

72.62 
53.44^ 

68.53 
51.54j5 

Cost  per  ounce,  silver 

Per 
ton, 
ore 

Per 
ounce, 
silver 

Mine  operation  

.1208 
.0365 
.0112 
.0131 
.0030 

$.0893 
.0215 
.0074 
.0266 
.0038 

$.0887 
.0083 
.0058 
.0503 
.0036 

$59.95 
5.54 
7.79 
41.18 
1.95 

$.0811 
.0075 
.0105 
.0557 
.0026 

Cone,  and  milling  

Depreciation 

Marketing.  . 

Corporation  expense  
Less  income  
Shafts  and  tunnels 

$.1846 
.0107 

$.1486 
.0091 

$.1567 
.0095 

$116.41 
6.30 

$.1574 
.0085 

$.1739 

$.1395 

$.1472 

$110.11 
11.11 

$.1489 
.0150 

Total  .  .  . 

$121.22 

$.1636 

*In  1913  the  low  grade  was  treated  in  what  is  called  the  company's  low  grade  mill 
at  a  cost  of  $4.132  per  ton  of  ore. 

The  ore  shipments  are  classified  as  follows: 


1910 

High-grade  ore  
Low-grade  silicious  ore  ... 
Concentrates  
Nuggets  

2,500  to    3,000  ounces  silver  per  ton 
200  to       300  ounces  silver  per  ton 
400  to    1,000  ounces  silver  per  ton 
10,000  to  12,000  ounces  silver  per  ton 

73  .  6  per  cent,  of  total  value 
15  .  6  per  cent,  of  total  value 
5  .  3  per  cent,  of  total  value 
5  .  5  per  cent,  of  total  value 

See  also  Appendix,  pages_374   and  400 


178 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


TEMISKAMING   MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
(See  Appendix,  page  395)  COBALT,  CANADA 

TRETHEWEY  SILVER  COBALT  MINE,  LTD. 
(See  Appendix,  page  395)  COBALT,  CANADA 

WETTLAUFER  LORRAIN  SILVER  MINES,  LIMITED 

SOUTH  LORRAIN,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

U.  S.  Currency 


Quarter  en 

is            Sept.  30,  1912 

Mar.  31,  1912 

Prod. 

$125  841  57 

$153  516  14 

Total  costs 

$  48  444  65 

$  51  309  34 

Profits  

$  77,396.92 

$102,206.80 

Tons       |    Ag.  ozs. 


Tons 


Ag.  ozs. 


First  gr. 

31  68 

103  673 

63  2 

213  013 

Second  gr.  . 

60  67 

41  512 

25  6 

20  561 

Concents  

29  29 

46  057 

17  2 

29  139 

Bullion  

4  031 

1  970 

Total  ".  

121.64 

195,273 

106.0 

264,683 

Ave.  value  per  ton  $1448.26  Ag.  at  58^  per  oz. 


Costs 


Per  oz. 


Per  ton  ore 


Per  oz.  Ag. 


Development  
Stoping  
Timbering  

3.534 
3.677 
.823 

$42.23 

68.35 
16  54 

1.692 
2.737 
663 

Hoisting  

2.644 

40  58 

1  625 

Tramming  

.430 

14.02 

.562 

Ore  sorting  and  concentrating  
Mine  office  ;    Gen.  exp  

3.082 
.238 

48.87 
11.69 

1.957 
.468 

Assur   and  sur 

702 

15  31 

613 

Board  H   exp 

1081 

6  95 

278 

Plant  and  eq 

.326 

59  42 

2  380 

Dumps  A  and  B   .  . 

.804 

Gen.  mine  ex.  ,  .                                 ... 

.874 

17.026>f 
3  277 

$323.96 

$70  47 

12.975?! 
2  823 

1  049 

24  04 

964 

Supt   and  engineers'  salaries 

1  383 

25  47 

1  021 

Taxes 

922 

23  59 

944 

Treas   salary  and  N   Y.  off.  exp. 

1   152 

16  52 

.662 

Total  

24.809*5 

$484  .  05 

19.389jf 

i  Profit. 

The  vein  is  similar  to  the  Cobalt  veins.  It  is  a  small  streak  of  very  high- 
grade  silver  ore.  The  depth  dev.  is  about  300  ft.  by  shaft.  The  mill 
consists  of  sorting  table,  jigs  and  two  concentrating  tables.  A  Huntington 
mill  will  be  added  to  crush  the  jig  tails. 


ONTARIO 


179 


LABOUR  COSTS  IN  COBALT  AND  PORCUPINE  MINING 
CAMPS 


Nine  hours  a  day 


Cobalt 


Porcupine 


Machine  men  
Helpers  
Muckers  and  trammers  

$3.25 
2.75 
2.50 

$3.50 
3.00 
2  75 

Cage-tenders  

2.75 

3.00 

3  25 

3.50 

Extra  25  i  for  sinking  in  wet  places. 
Board,  per  day                                                                 

.60 

.75 

Millman,  12  hours  average  
Blacksmith  
Hoisting  engineer  
Fireman  and  pipe-fitters  

3.50 
4.25 
3.50 
3.00 

3.75 
4.50 
3.75 
3.25 

Data  by  Mr.  Samuel  Cohen. 


TILT  COVE  ESTABLISHMENT 
TILT  COVE,  NEWFOUNDLAND 
Operated  by  Cape  Copper  Co. 

Year  Ended  Aug.  31 
Money  Sterling  and  U.  S. 


1911 

Production.  . 

£30,940       14s.      8d. 
£19,928      10s.      4d. 
£11,012        4s.      4d. 

Costs  

Operating  balance  

East  Mine      |     South  Lode     |    West  Mine  Bluff 

Long  tons  ore  mined  
Average  copper  content,  per  cent.  .  . 
Working  costs  (long  ton)  

16,094 
3.27 

$2.42 

10,728 
3.63 

$1.80 

2,255 
8.07 
$6.22 

Notes.- — The  mines  are  operated  by  "opencast"  method.  The  ore  is 
shipped.  No  further  description  is  given  of  the  ore-bodies  or  the  methods 
practiced.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  financial  data  is  expressed  in  pounds 
sterling  and  costs  in  dollars.  They  are  so  given  in  the  report. 


180 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


YUKON  GOLD  COMPANY 
YUKON  TERRITORY,  CANADA 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Total  production  
Total  expenses  

$4,863,448 
2,142,029 

$3,106,127 

$2,748,098 

$1,474,599 

Profits  

$2,721,419 

Dawson  dredging  operations: 
Cubic  yards  gravel  
Gross  value  

5,157,280 
$3,346,026 

4,151,249 

$2,671,845 

3,249,788 
$2,150,723 

2,381,880 

$1  363  722 

Value  per  yard 

64  SSp 

64  35?! 

66  18* 

57  24* 

Cost  per  yard  
Profit  per  yard 

30.64?! 
34  24  jf 

35.43?! 

28  92?! 

31.09* 
35  09* 

31.94?! 
25  30?! 

Dawson  hydraulicking  : 
Cubic  yards  gravel  
Gross  value  

2,967,750 
$629,043 

2,125,551 

$434  282 

1,406,397 
$696  375 

705,544 
$385  877 

Value  per  yard  
Cost  per  yard  
Profit  per  yard  
Length  of  season,  days  172... 
Iditarod  dredging  : 
Cubic  yards  gravel  

21.19?! 
9.37?! 
11.82* 

172,233 

20.43?! 
15.50$; 

4.93?; 

49.51?! 
25.69* 

23.82?! 

54.41?! 
41.78* 

12.63?! 

Gross  value  

$404,040 

Value  per  yard 

2  34 

Cost  per  yard 

4591 

Profit  per  yard  

$1.8809 

Cost  per  yard 


Minimum 


Maximum 


Average 


Labour. 

015 

030 

023 

Supplies  

.006 

.019 

.013 

Repairs 

002 

020 

004 

Fuel  

.001 

.003 

.001 

Power  

.006 

.037 

.024 

Thawing  

.000 

.200 

.150 

Fixed  charges  

.050 

.130 

.090 

.080 

.439 

.305 

1913  Operations  i— Prod.  $4,789,402.  Expenses,  $2,251,955.  Profit,  $2,- 
537,447.  Cubic  yards  gravel,  5,133,575.  Value  per  yd.,65.13^.  Cost,  29.53 ?<. 
Profit,  35.60?*.  Yds.  gravel  hydraulicking,  2,875,952.  Value  per  yd.  8.9ff. 
Cost,  9.7?f.  Loss  on  operations.  Iditarod:  Yds.  dredged,  496,756;  Value, 
$1.67;  Cost,  $.64;  Profit,  $1.02. 


YUKON  TERRITORY 

SUMMARY  DREDGING  OPERATIONS,  1913 


181 


Period 

Oct.,  1913 

6  Months 
ended 
Oct.  31 

Cost  per  yard  : 
Direct  cost  : 

.0017 

.0008 

.0410 

.0238 

Fuel                                                                 

.0043 

.0009 

Shop  expense  (repairs)                               

.0006 

.0021 

Material  and  supplies.  .        

.0043 

.0174 

Power                      

.0418 

.0246 

Total  direct  

.0937 

.0696 

Indirect  cost  : 

.  0355 

.0228 

Taxes  (representation) 

.0008 

.0005 

Bullion  charges                                                  

.0224 

.0198 

General  charges                              

.0130 

.0185 

Depreciation                         

.0273 

.0183 

Insurance   .                       

.0020 

.0012 

Assay  office.  .      .        

.0014 

.0013 

Stables  

.0052 

.0021 

0005 

.0003 

.0009 

.0001 

.0050 

.0051 

Total  indirect                                

.1140 

.0900 

Thawing  .                   

.0798 

.1357 

Total  operating  costs  

.2875 

.2953 

See  also  Appendix,  page  374 


MEXICO 


SONORA 

CRESTON  COLORADA  COMPANY 

SONORA,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30 

U.  S.  Currency 


19121 


1911  1910 


1909 


Production  
Production  slimes  

$778,750 

$695,886 
255,954 

$658,883 
381,671 

Oper.  exp.  mine  ore  
Oper.  prof,  mine  ore  
Oper.  prof,  slimes  

662,629 
116,121 

510,105 

185,781 
70,064 

581,806 
77,026 
.170,421 

Net  profit 

$107  257 

$247,442 

$241  547 

Tonnage  
Revenue  per  ton 

130,664 
$6.20* 

199,700 

186,700 

$4  05 

107,500 

$6.47 

96,100 
$6  85 

Slimes  . 

$4.41 

$6.22 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining  

$   .90 

$   .66 

$1.23 

$1.86 

$2.64 

23 

09 

Milling  
Cyaniding  

.58 
.94 

.53 
.97 

.53 
1.15 

.78 
1.33 

.90 
1.47 

General  expense 

12 

26 

29 

.34 

.42 

Bullion 

22 

19 

.23 

.41 

.47 

Total               

$3   133 

$2.70 

$3.43 

$4.74 

$5.90 

Total  slimes  

3.20 

3.44 

Profit  per  ton  

.62 

1.72 
1  21 

.80 

2  77 

76 

79 

80 

Extraction  slimes,  per  cent. 

77 

72 

75 

1  Impossible  to  get  figures  for   1912  where  omitted.     2  Years  previous  to  1912  develop- 
ment included  in  mining.     3  Incl.  $0.14  concentrate  exp.     4  Gross  value. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  375 

THE  LUCKY  TIGER-COMBINATION  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

THE  TIGEE  MINING  Co.,  S.  A. 

YZABAL  SONORA,  MEXICO 

See  Appendix,  page  395 

182 


1.  Cananea          2.  Santa  Rosalia 
5.  Madera          6.  Chihuahua 

9.  Guanajuato          10.  E 


from      100°   Greenwich 


3.  Prietas  4.  Nacozari 
'arral  8.  Santa  Barbara 
ro  11.  Pachuca 


SONORA 


183 


LA  DURA  MILL  &  MINING  CO. 
LA  DURA,  SONORA,  MEXICO 


1912 

1911 

August  1  to 
December  31, 
1910 

$197,478.51 
153,150.62 
44,327.89 
42,465.65 
552 
2117 

$104,034.59 
62,705.23 
41,329.36 
40,632.04 
647  Gloria 
1234  Gloria 

1910  tonnage  Prieta  
1911  tonnage  Prieta  

< 

Prieta 
and 
Gloria 

Prieta 

Gloria 

Prieta 

Gloria 

Revenue  per  ton  hoisted  
Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining  
Development  
Shipping  

$93  .  92 

13.55 
15.85 
6.73 
10.76 
7.26 

$32  .  99 

16.52 
10.89 
2.40 
5.34 
4.27 

$94.94 

12.04 
6.85 
6.77 
7.63 
6.55 

60.39 

2203 
1450 
4.38 
7.16 
8.11 

$12.61 
8.91 
9.14 

General  expense  

3.20 

Total  expenses 

$33.86 

$54.15 
$39J7 

$39  .  42 
$6.43 
(loss) 

$39.84 
$55.10 

$56.18 
$4.21 

Profit 

Tonnage.  .  . 

6042 

Properties  located  at  La  Dura  on  the  Yaqui  River,  Sonora,  Mexico,  on 
the  Mexican  Branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific.  The  Company  operates  two 
mines,  i.e.,  the  Gloria  and  Prieta,  owned  and  operated  by  Americans  since 
1888.  The  ore  occurs  in  true  fissure  veins  of  a  width  of  from  12  in.  to  several 
feet.  The  ore  is  quartz.  Property  is  opened  by  shafts  and  drifts.  In  the 
Prieta  Mine  three  ore-bodies  are  being  worked.  In  the  Gloria  mine  two 
main  ore-bodies  are  developed.  Some  of  the  ore-bodies  have  been  developed 
for  1800  ft.  in  length.  The  mine  is  1040  ft.  deep.  The  method  of  mining 
the  ore-bodies  is  to  strip  the  country  rock  from  the  vein  on  the  foot-wall 
side,  and  the  ore  is  then  broken  down.  The  method  of  reduction  is  con- 
centration. Concentrates  are  smelted  or  cyanided.  Ores  were  originally 
hand-sorted.  This,  however,  has  been  done  away  with  by  the  erection  of  a 
small  concentrator.  This  plant  handles  10  tons  of  ore  in  10  hours,  and  is 
much  cheaper  than  former  method.  The  cost  of  hand-sorting  was  approxi- 
mately $3  per  ton  of  raw  ore.  With  the  small  mill,  according  to  the  1911 
report,  the  management  expected  to  treat  the  ore  and  make  an  85  per  cent, 
extraction  of  the  silver  at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  $1.25  per  ton.  At  present 
mill  is  making  an  11-ounce  silver  tailing,  which  is  being  stocked  for  re- 
treatment.  (U.  S.  Currency.) 


184 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GREENE-CANANEA  COPPER  CO. 

CANANEA,  SONORA,  MEXICO 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911  1910 


1909 


Lbs.  copper  (Greene  Cons.)  
Lbs.  copper  (San  Pedro)  

40,996,018 
7,191,829 

37,101,119 
7,796,347 

36,921,309 

8,758,836 



Total  Greene-Cananea  copper,  pounds.  . 
Ounces  silver 

48,187,847 
1  457  308 

44,897,466 
1  295  297 

45,680,000 
1  184  980 

44,455,909 
930  710 

Ounces  gold 

7,197 

5  892 

Combined  income  : 

Income,  Greene  Consolidated  

$2,280,798 

$1,026,951 

Income,  San  Pedro  

330,029 

312,680 

Total  net  income  

$2,610,827 

$1,339,631 

Net  income,  Greene-Can.1  
Average  price  copper  per  pound 

$2,580,749 
16  0194j< 

$1,318,472 
12  886^ 

$681,653 

$544,  1072 

Cost  per  pound: 

Cananea  Consolidated 

10  31?< 

9  843  ff 

11  514?; 

San  Pedro 

11.53?; 

8.907?; 

3 

Average  cost  Greene-Cananea  

10.868?; 

9.67?< 

11.334?! 

12.03?! 

1  After  construction  and  betterments.  (U.S.   Currency) 

2  Greene-Cananea. 

3  San  Pedro  cost  8.287?!.     Cananea  Dev.  cost  12.519*5. 

For  details  of  Greene-Cananea 's  subsidiary  companies'  operations  pre- 
vious to  1911,  see  Green  Consolidated  and  San  Pedro  Companies. 
The  production  of  the  Greene  Companies  since  1906  has  been  as   follows: 

GREENE-CANANEA  COPPER  COMPANY1 


Th 

Or 

Cost  per 

ib.  copper4 

Mpt 

Period    J 

copper 

silver 

Greene- 
Cons. 

Greene- 
Can. 

earnings 

Aug  1  1906  to  Nov  4  1907 

58  180  856 

766,422 

1  870  247  2 

July  11,  1908  to  Dec.  31,  1908..  .  . 
Year  ending  Dec  31  1909 

18,619,609 
44,455,909 

447,663 
930,710 

10.50fi 

n.64?; 

12  03?; 

214,140  de 
544,107s  f 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1910  
Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1911  
Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1912  

45,680,000 
44,897,466 
48,157,847 

1,184,980 
1,295,297 
1,457,307 

11.51?; 

9.84?; 

10.31?; 

11.334?; 

9.67?;? 
10.868?; 

681,653 
1,318,472 
2,580,749 

1  Figures  shown  take  into  account  company  holdings  in  Greene  Consolidated  Copper  Co., 
San  Pedro  Copper  Co.,  Cananea  Central  Copper  Co.  and  Cananea  Development  Co. 

2  Including  profit  from  200,000  shares  Cananea  Central  Copper  stock. 

3  Earnings  are  for  Greene  Consolidated. 

4  Includes  depreciation  and  construction. 


For  more  recent  operations  see  Appendix,  page  400. 


CANANEA 


185 


GREENE  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  COMPANY 
CANANEA,  MEXICO 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 

1912          | 

1911 

1910 

1909 

48,187,847 

44,897,466 

45,680,145 

44,547,689 

7,191,829 

7,796,347 

8,758,836 

7,532,244 

40,996,018 

37,101,119 

36,921,309 

37,015,445 

Gross  income,  copper,  gold,  silver 
and  miscellaneous  revenues. 

$7,929,468 
5,496,022 

$6,045,834 
4,738,702 

$5,592,050 
4,407,301 

$5,510,846 
4,408,287 

$2,433,446 

$1,307,131 

$1,184,749 

$1,102,559 

152,647 

280,179 

684,097 

558,452 

Net  profit         

$2,280,799 

$1,026,951 

$    500,652 

$    544,107 

41,450 

Direct  charge  pro  .an      os  .  .  . 

Price  received  for  copper  
Tonnage  wet: 
Domestic  mined  

16.0009fi 
906,546 

12.886fi 
751,462 

$    459,202 
12.621j< 

795,050 

13.  1102  I 
826,364 

895,406 

741,872 

792,313 

835,929 

280,1541 

195,091 

221,005 

225,607 

Total  ore  treated  
Ore  milled  : 

1,175,560 
547,025 

936,963 
415,199 

1,013,318 
509,228 

1,061,536 
602,366 

143,931 

113,213 

160,925 

205,995 

Total           

690,956 

528,412 

670,153 

808,361 

Ratio  cone.  dom.  ore  milled.  .  . 

3.  157  in  1 

4  877  in  1 

2.  404  in  1 
5  .  169  in  1 

2.  869  in  1 
5.157  in  1 

2  .  93  in  1 
2.19  in  1 

Recovery: 
Copper,  domestic  ore,  per  cent. 
Silver,  domestic  ore,   ounces.  .  . 
Gold,  domestic  ore,  ounces.  .  .  . 

2.252 
1.0696 
.005 
73  79 

2.50 
1.0718 
.005 
77.69 

2.229 
1.0317 
.005 
75 

2.206 
.750 
.0046 

Cost  per  ton: 

$1.86 

$2.571 

$2.071 

.151 

.095 

.592 

.029 

.055 

$2  93 

$2  46 

$2  75 

$2.22 

Milling,  oper.  and  repairs  

•722|    816 

•646\    722 

•693\    854 

Improv.  and  betterments  

.094  / 
2.852 

.076J 
2.57 

.161] 
2.69 

3.09 

Total  mining  and  beneficiating 
per  ton  ref.  prod,  sold 

$5.92 

$5.257 

$5.765 

$5.459 

186 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GREENE  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  COMPANY.— Continued 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Cost  per  Pound: 

Gross  f.o.b.  Cananea  

11  452jf 

9  568^ 

10  2091  I 

10  1740 

Frt.  to  N.  Y.  tax  ref.  mkt.  int.  . 

1.498 

1.343 

1.7105 

1  .  7353 

Total 

12  950 

10  911 

11  9196 

11  9093 

Credit  precious  metals.*  
Credit  miscl   revenue 

1.741 
899 

1.339 

484 

1.4072 

8485 

1  .  0840 
7969 

Total  cost  fine  copper  
Depreciation  

10.31ff 

9.0880 
(Const)     755 

9.66390 
1  8501 

10.02840 
1  6119 

Cost  inc.  every  expenditure.  .  . 
Yield  per  ton  ore  benef  .  Ib  .  .  .  . 
Miscellaneous  costs:     Stoping.  . 

$1.391 

9.843 
50.01 

$1  311 

11.514 
46.58 

11.6403 
44.12 

Development 

762 

557 

Dead  work  and   \ 

744 

592 

Surface  expense  / 

Total  mining  

$2  927 

$2  46 

Smelting  per  ton  chg.  in  rev. 
incl.  gen'l  exp. 
McDougall  roasting  

$1  .  667 

$1.65 
.40 

$1.90 

$1.76 

Development,  feet  
Cost  per  foot  

72.403 

51,784 
$8.00 

52,161 

46,911 

1  Includes  47,017  tons  of  Miami  concentrates.  2  In  the  reduction  cost  of  $2 . 85  there  was 
included  $.087  gen'l  exp.  and  $.059  for  hauling  concentrates. 

For  more  recent  operations  see  Appendix,  page  400. 

The  mines  which  are  opened  by  shaft  and  tunnel  are  developed  to  compara- 
tively shallow  depths,  an  average  being  approximately  600  ft.  ]The  deepest 
shaft  is  the  Capote  being  1000  ft.  The  largest  of  the  ore-bodies  vary  from 
several  hundred  feet  in  width  to  more  than  1000  ft.  in  length.  The  ores  are 
both  concentrating  and  direct  smelting,  being  composed  chiefly  of  chalco- 
cite,  chalcopyrite  and  other  sulphides,  j 

The  milling  ores  average  between  2  and  2^  per  cent,  copper.  The  smelting 
ores  average  over  3  per  cent.  The  ratio  of  concentration  is  approximately  3 
tons  into  1,  with  a  saving  around  76  per  cent.  All  ores,  concentrating  and 
smelting,  carry  both  gold  and  silver  values.  Method  of  mining,  principally 
slicing  and  caving,  a  timber  matte  being  employed.  Reduction  plants  con- 
sist of  a  3000-ton  concentrator,  smelter  and  converter  plant.  Smelter  has 
both  blast  and  oil-fired  reverberatories.  Waste  gases  from  reverberatories 
utilized  in  generating  steam.  Mines  and  reduction  plant  operated  by  elec- 
tric power  generated  from  fuel.  Water  supply  ample.  Company  pumps  9 
miles.  Narrow-gauge  railway  connects  different  mines  with  reduction  plant, 
total  length  aggregates  20  miles.  Company  employs  approximately  5000 
men,  principally  Mexicans,  with  several  hundred  Americans. 


SONORA 


187 


MOCTEZUMA  COPPER  COMPANY 

NACOZARI  DE  GARCIA,  SONORA,  MEXICO 

Operating  the  Pilares  Mine 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Moctezuma  ores  and  cone.,  tons. 
Gold,  ounces  
Silver,  ounces  
Pounds  refined  copper  

Net  earnings  : 

124,083 
785 
438,246 
31,739,748 

$2  735  060 

111,462 
735 
361,296 
25,511,582 

$930  495 

113,294 
717 
362,464 
22,681,472 

$480,690 

112,563 
1,055 
421,648 
24,814,747 

$1,104,454 

Deprec.  plant  and  min.  prop, 
not  incl.  in  above. 
Tons  of  ore  mined  
Tons  milled  
Average  copper  contents  %  .... 
Tons  concentrates  produced...  . 
Assay  value,  per  cent  

$790,665 

628,012 
596,600 
3.494 
131,061 
13.373 

$1,206,182 

524,336 
517,352 
3.1708 
113,222 
11.932 

$675,009 

434,773 
447,555 
'  2.992 
107,014 
10.56 

$363,009 

510,094 
3.22 
110,724 
11.80 

Copper  cont.,  tailings,  per  cent. 
Saving   mill   per  cent 

.59 
85  95 

.5579 
85  19 

.60 

84  80 

.584 
85  81 

Tons  ore  milled  per  ton  cone.  .  . 
Tons  milled  per  day,  actual  time 
Yield  in  per  cent,  copper  
Price  copper  

4.552 
1692 

15.51 

4.569 
1466 

12.36 

4.182 

2.5 
12.826 

4.61 
1475 
2.56 

Development,  feet  

16,206 
799  gal 

13,668 

21,596 

19,555 

milled. 

The  reports  do  not  give  costs.  An  estimate  of  costs  is  as  follows:  U.  S. 
currency.  Mining,  $1.10;  milling,  $.50;  transportation,  $.05;  freight  con- 
centrates to  Douglas,  $4.50  Mex.  Cy.;  smelting,  $3.00  U.  S.  Cy.  95  per 
cent,  of  the  copper  paid  for,  1\i  off  the  New  York  quotations. 

Remarks. — The  ore-bodies  at  the  Pilares  mine  make  in  a  more  or  less 
circular  formation,  the  diameter  of  which  is  approximately  2000  ft.  Forma- 
tion is  andesite  breccia.  Ore  is  principally  chalcopyrite,  with  some  bor- 
nite  and  pyrite.  Property  is  developed  by  two  shafts  and  the  Porvenir 
tunnel.  Shafts  are  1000  ft.  deep  each.  Tunnel  enters  700  ft.  below  out- 
crop and  300  ft.  above  bottom  of  shaft.  Method  of  mining,  shrinkage 
stopes  principally,  a  few  cut  and  fill.  Tunnel  has  electric  haulage  1  mile 
long.  From  tunnel  portal  to  mill  is  6  miles,  connection  made  by  narrow- 
gauge  railway  owned  by  company.  Concentrator  is  1600  tons'  capacity. 
Power  plant  at  mill  generates  electricity  from  coal.  The  company  owns 
narrow-gauge  railway  from  Nacozari  to  Douglas  across  the  U.  S.  border. 

1913  Operations:— Lbs.  copper,  36,598,132.  Net  earnings,  $2,402,447. 
Depreciation,  $400,037.  Tons  milled,  603,654,  grade  3.557%  copper.  Sav- 
ing, 85%.  Tons  cone.,  135,057,  grade  13.376%.  Price  copper,  15.37?*. 


188 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SAN  PEDRO  COPPER  CO.,  S.  A. 
CANANEA,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 
(Belongs  to  Greene-Cananea  Group) 


1912 


1911 


1910 


$1,159  664 

$1,001,181 

San  Pedro 

Cananea  de- 
velopment 

Gold  and  silver  sales 

353,657 

317,142 

Total  income  incl.  miscl  

1,514,585 
1,164,595 

1,319,723 
1,004,878 

$587,925 
414,306 

$759,616 
752,234 

Balance  copper  inventory  

19,961 

2,164 

Net  income         

$330,029 

$312,681 

$173,619 

$7,382 

Production  : 
Fine  copper,  pounds  
Silver,  ounces  
Gold,  ounces  
Tonnage  : 
Wet  tons  ore  mined  
Wet  tons  ore  treated  
Dry  tons  treated 

7,191,829 
484,584 
2,655 

215,300 
219,127 
211,206 

7,796,347 
500,137 
2,282 

193,689 
195,487 
187,417 

3,923,224 
133,601 
690 

59,364 
58,627 

4,835,612 
235,023 
1,051 

165,560 
162,378 

Ratio  of  concentration  

Recovery  : 

Copper,  per  cent  
Silver,  ounces  
Gold                       

4.877    into  1 

1.703 
2.29 
.0126 

5  .  75  into  1 

2.08 
2.67 
.0122 

3.  917  into  1 

3.346 
2.279 
.012 

5.218    into  1 

1.489 
1.447 
.006 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining  per  wet  ton  

$2.80 

$1.945 

$3.202 

$1.746 

Cost  per  pound,  cents: 
Gross  f.o.b.  Cananea  

14  .  740 

10.871 

8.678 

13.978 

Frt.  exp.,  tax  ref.  mkt.,  etc  

1.730 

1.540 

1.781 

1.568 

Total 

16  470 

12.411 

10.459 

15.556 

Credit  metals 

4  9175 

3.784 

2.172 

3.037 

Less  miscl 

.0175 

.280 

Total  

11.535ff 

8.907(4 

8.287)4 

12.519>f 

Development,  feet  

12,998 

11,466 

5,347 

3,198 

Cost  mining  Cananea: 

$2  497 

Price  rec'd  for  copper  

12.618 

12.618 

Remarks.- — Company  operates  Cananea-Duluth  mine,  a  large   body  of 
disseminated  ore.     Mine  opened  to  sixth  level.     The  ores  are  concentrated. 


BAJA  (LOWER}  CALIFORNIA 


189 


COMPAGNIE  DU  BOLEO 

SANTA  ROSALIA,  BAJA    (LOWER),  CALIFORNIA,  MEXICO 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

Tons  =2240  Ib. 
Currency  Francs,  $  and  £ 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Tons  copper 

12,650 

12,360 

13,000 

Pounds  copper 

28,336,000 

27,686,400 

29,120,000 

Profit  after  amortiz.,  francs  
Profit  after  amortiz  

7,070,120 
$1,414,024 

364  850 

3,856,2311 
$771,246 

355  100 

366  000 

Tons  treated 

360  500 

Average  grade  copper   per  cent 

3  51 

Tons  transported,  railroad  .    .        .    . 

652,312 

605,661 

Copper  on  hand  Dec   31,  francs     

4,236,000 

3,888,864 

Copper  carried  at  per  ton  

£60 

1  After  allowing  Fr.  723,408  for  expenses  as  result  of  cyclone  in  1911. 

Remarks. — The  Boleo  property  is  owned  and  controlled  by  French  capital 
in  which  the  Rothschilds  are  said  to  be  heavily  interested.  Very  little  in- 
formation is  to  be  had  on  the  Boleo  mine.  We  give  the  above  figures  as 
throwing  some  light  on  the  Company's  operations.  No  costs  are  available. 
The  approximate  cost  per  pound  can  be  computed  by  assuming  the  average 
selling  price  of  metal  for  the  year. 

The  mine  is  located  on  the  east  coast  of  Lower  California,  nearly  opposite 
Guaymas.  The  property  is  reached  by  boat  from  that  port.  The  company 
operates  steamers  between  the  mine  and  European  ports.  The  ore  occurs 
in  beds  of  a  conglomerate  of  sandstone  and  tuff.  Three  beds  are  worked. 
They  average  about  3  ft.  in  thickness  and  vary  from  2  or  3  ft.  up  to  a  maxi- 
mum of  10  ft.  The  ore  consists  of  oxides — cuprite  and  melaconite,  various 
carbonates  including  azurite  and  malachite,  also  chrysocalla  and  atacamite. 
In  the  lowest  bed,  sulphide  ore  occurs  principally  as  chalcocite  and  covel- 
lite.  The  ore  is  sent  direct  to  the  smelter  and  treated  in  blast  furnaces. 
The  matte  at  last  accounts  was  shipped  to  Europe,  though  Company  was 
considering  installing  converters.  The  Boleo  copper  consequently  does 
not  appear  in  the  North  American  production.  Coal  and  coke  are  obtained 
from  Europe.  The  mine  and  smelter  has  both  steam  and  electric  power. 
The  country  is  dry  and  water  scarce.  Principally  Mexican  labour  is  em- 
ployed, though  Japanese  and  Chinese  are  used  to  some  extent  about  the 
mines. 


CHIHUAHUA 

ALVARADO  MINING  &  MILLING  COMPANY 

PARRAL,  CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 
Weights  Metric  System  Values  U.  S.  Currency 


Production 

July  1  to  Dec. 
31,  1911 

Jan.  1  to  June 
30,  1911 

Bullion,  sales  and  miscellaneous  earnings  
Cost  of  operation 

$276,234 
189  592 

$140,771 
120  945 

Profit  

$86  642 

$19  826 

Tons  treated  (dry)  

46  760 

32  510 

Value  of  ore  

Costs  (per  ton)  :  —  Mining  and  tramming 

$0  83 

$0  707 

Milling  and  marketing  

3  22 

3  01 

$4.05 

$3.717 

Remarks. — Operations  at  the  Alvarado  mine  have  been  greatly  handi- 
capped owing  to  the  Mexican  revolution.  It  is  stated  that  the  above  pro- 
duction has  been  obtained  principally  from  development  and  exploratory 
work  above  the  water  level  pending  the  installation  of  pumps  in  the  mine. 
The  property  is  opened  by  shaft  and  by  inclined  shaft  to  927  ft.  deep.  The 
property  is  equipped  with  a  300-ton  cyanide  plant,  which  it  is  expected  will 
develop  a  capacity  of  450  tons  per  day.  The  new  mill  was  placed  in  com- 
mission in  1911.  Pumps  are  being  installed  in  the  mine  at  the  sixth  level. 
The  property  has  electric  power. 

BATOPILAS  MINING  COMPANY 
CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 
U.  S.  Currency 


Year  ending  Dec.  31 


1911 


1910 


1909 


1908 


Prod,  ounces,  silver  

516,688.9 

730,697.4 

1,047,625 

939,865 

Tons  ore  treated 

33  073  3 

43  612  48 

31  258 

32  766 

Ounces  silver  per  ton  : 

First  class:  Ave.  of  tot.  ounces 

15  6 

695  0 

Third  class  (mill  ore) 

7  779 

8  17 

6  3 

Mining,  milling  and  smelting 

$5  685 

$8  75 

$12  51 

$9  69 

Bullion,  tax  and  expenses  
General  expenses  

1.925 
1.615 

.948 
1.702 

1.45 
2.80 

1.36 
2.24 

Bond  acc't  

$9.225 

$11.400 
.613 

$16.76 

.77 

$13.29 
.38 

$12.013 

$17.53 

$13.67 

Deficit  of  $106,257.98  for  1910. 
Deficit  of  $17,409.17  for  1911. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  376 

190 


CHIHUAHUA  191 

THE  BUENA  TIERRA  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

SANTA  EULALIA,  CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 

1912 


Sales  of  ore 

Total  with  int.  and  sundry  recpts 

Working  expenses 

Working  profit 

Tons  mined 

Tons  sorted  as  waste 

Tons  available  for  shipment 

Tons  shipped  to  smelter 

Net  smelter  return 

Returns  per  ton 

Average  silver  content 

Average  lead  content,  per  cent 

On  basis  production  30,085  tons : 

Net  ret.  from  smelter 

Total  cost 

Total  profit 

Total  cost  per  ton 

Total  profit  per  ton 

Cost  per  ton  (30,073  tons) : 

Mining 

Development ; 

General  expense 

Taxes 

Sorting  and  trans 

Total  cost 

Net  smelter  returns  per  ton 

Development,  feet: 

Drifting 

Raising 

Sinking 

Total . . . 


£47,034 
48,004 
23,585 


£24,419 


31,781 

1,038 

30,743 

30,085 

$256,014 

$8.51 

8.65  oz. 
15.1 


$256,014 
120,467 


$135,547 

$4.00 

4.51 


$1.33 

1.08 

.54 

.11 

.861 


$3.92 
$8.66 


3,892 
661 
252 


4,806 


1  Freight  approximately  75ff,  sorting  lip. 


192  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

In  addition  there  was  2084  ft.  of  work  done  in  the  ore-bodies,  partly  in 
limestone  and  partly  in  ore,  to  facilitate  the  extraction  of  ore  and  hence 
chargeable  to  ore  breaking. 

Note. — Operation  in  1912  was  carried  on  under  great  difficulties.  A 
strike  of  the  miners  was  followed  by  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  in 
Northern  Mexico.  Railway  communication  was  repeatedly  interrupted 
and  the  smelter  was  able  to  run  at  only  partial  capacity  and  was  at  times 
closed  down. 

Remarks.  Accessibility. — Situated  about  15  miles  east  of  Chihuahua 
and  reached  by  the  narrow  gauge  Mineral  and  Chihuahua  Mining  Cos.' 
railroads.  Freight  rate  about  75  cents,  U.  S.  Cy.,  from  mines  to  Chih. 
Smelter. 

Character  of  Ore.- — Principally  lead  carbonate  aver.  10  oz.  Ag.,  15  per 
cent,  lead,  also  carbonate  zinc  ore,  and  say,  25  to  50  per  cent,  zinc,  also  low 
grade  mixed  sulphide. 

Character  of  Ore-body. — Caves  in  limestone  formation  filled  with  lead 
carbonate  ore,  bodies  of  mixed  sulphide,  and  carbonate  zinc  ore-bodies  also 
found. 

Width  of  caves  vary  from  10  to  200  feet,  aver,  about  30  ft.,  depth  average 
40  ft.  but  the  Chorro  ore-body  has  a  depth  of  over  1000  ft. 

Method  of  Mining. — The  roof  is  first  cleaned  off  and  then  the  ore  is  mined 
in  small  benches,  very  little  powder  required  and  prac.  no  timber. 

Method  of  Opening.' — Raises  put  up  to  tap  the  caves  at  intervals  of  from 
75  to  200  ft.  Also  opened  up  by  following  shrinkage  on  top  of  ore-body. 
The  bodies  found  by  prospecting  mineral  bearing  fissures. 

Depth  of  Mine.' — Devel.  ore-bodies  most  numerous  at  450-ft.  depth,  but 
nearly  all  mines  have  ore-bodies  down  to  depth  1300  ft.  Buena  Tierra 
shaft  1400. 

Amount  of  Water  Pumped. — Practically  no  water  pumped  in  the  camp. 

Method  of  Ore  Reduction.- — Lead  ore  shipped  to  Chihuahua  plant  or  El 
Paso  plant  of  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.,  zinc  to  the  U.  S. 

General  Conditions. — Development  costs  are  high  due  to  difficulty  of  find- 
ing the  ore-bodies,  when  once  found  generally  extends  a  long  distance  along 
its  major  fissure  or  fracture.  If  a  mine  has  sufficient  number  of  ore-bodies 
to  maintain  a  tonnage  of  300  tons  per  day,  conditions  are  admirable  for  low 
costs.  No  timber,  no  water  to  pump,  and  very  little  powder  required,  the 
ore  being  shoveled  from  the  stopes  to  the  mine  chutes  on  contract.  Ribs 
of  lime  occur  in  the  ore-bodies  making  the  percentage  of  waste  lime  rock  in 
them  15  to  25  per  cent. 

Miners  receive  2  pesos  per  day;  machine  men,  3  to  4. 


CHIHUAHUA 


193 


DOLORES  MINES  COMPANY 
MADERA,  CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
U.  S.  Currency 


19121 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Production  
Operating  expense  
Operating  profit  
General  exp.  including  taxes, 

$1,041,145.99 
728,750.90 
312,395.09 
21,704.94 

$1,163,359.39 
739,416.55 
423,942.84 
17,587.88 

$1,160,531.67 
670,666.97 
489,864.70 
27,157.65 

sal.,  comm.,  etc. 

Net  profit  

$291,598.05 

$406,354.06 

$462,896.44 

Tonnage  

46,778 
25 

53,275 

50,741 

38,700 

62 

Total,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  : 

Mining  and  developing  .... 

87 

$  3.72 
1  07 

88 
$5.38 

89 
$6.35 

89 
$7.13 

Milling  
Cyaniding  
General  expense  
Bullion  expense  
Concentrates  

2.40 
3.05 
1.10 
.57 
.47 

2.38 
3.22 
1.16 
.90 
.63 

2.25 

2.89 
1.36 
1.06 
.66 

2.68 
3.90 

1.47 
1.51 
.95 

Total  per  ton  

Revenue  per  ton  
Profit  

$12.38 

$13.67 

$19.54 
$  5.87 

$14.57 

$22.92 
$  8.35 

$17.64 

$30.02 
$13.38 

1  Impossible  to  get  figures  for  1912  where  omitted. 

2  Years  previous  to  1912  development  included  in  mining. 

Properties  located  in  State  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  40  miles  by  trail  from 
Madera,  or  14  hours  horseback.  Madera  is  on  Mexican  &  N.  W.  Ry  , 
200  miles  from  Chihuahua.  Properties  operated  by  tunnels,  shafts  and 
drifts.  Depth  of  mine  600  ft.  Ore-bodies  vary  from  4  to  15  ft.  in  width, 
average  value  being  approximately  $22  per  ton  U.  S.  Cy.  The  ore  is  hard 
quartz,  containing  2  per  cent,  of  sulphides.  Method  of  mining,  ore-filling. 
Method  of  reduction  is  cyanide  treatment.  Plant  handles  5500  tons  per 
month.  Company  employs  29  Americans  and  449  Mexicans.  Develop- 
ment work  is  being  actively  carried  on,  about  850  ft.  per  month  being  done. 


13 


194 


MINING  COSTS   OF  THE  WORLD 


EL  RAYO  MINES  COMPANY 

SANTA  BARBAKA  DISTRICT,  CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


19121 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Production  

$760,457.77 

$714,417.10 

$507,455  21 

Operating  expense  

358,082.95 

340,150.19 

341,728.81 

$402  374  82 

$374  266  91 

$165  726  40 

General  expense 

9  631  26 

18  293  48 

28  637  71 

Net  profit 

$392  743  56 

355  973  43 

137  088  69 

Tonnage.               

56,000 

55,600 

54,300 

43,008 

Average  extraction: 
Concentrates,  per  cent  

17 

Cyanidation,  per  cent  
Total  per  cent 

69 
86 

86  j 

84 

84 

Rec  per  ton 

$13  70 

$13  20 

$11  79 

Cost  per  ton: 
Development  
Mining  

.862 
$1.36 

2.18 

2.51 

Milling  
Cyaniding  
General  expense  
Bullion  expense  

1.16 
1.36 
.62 
.70 

1.04 
1.42 
.70 
.63 

1.06 

1.28 
.68 
.65 

1.39 
1.68 
.88 
.45 

Concentrates  

.43 

.42 

.37 

.93 

Total  expense 

$6  49 

$6  43 

$6  22 

$7  94 

Profit  Der  ton.  .  . 

$7.27 

$6.98 

$3.85 

1  Impossible  to  get  figures  for  1912  where  omitted. 

2  Development  included  in  mining  for  years  previous  to  1912. 

Properties  located  in  Santa  Barbara  Mining  District,  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 
Eight  miles  by  trail  to  Santa  Barbara,  or  14  miles  by  wagon  road.  Rock 
is  rhyolite,  traversed  by  several  fissure  veins.  Widths  vary  from  2  to  20 
ft.,  dip  50  deg.  Ore  occurs  in  large  irregular  lenses  along  vein.  The  ore 
is  quartz,  and  near  surface  soft  and  highly  oxidized;  with  depth,  more  or 
less  compact,  carrying  some  pyrites  as  high  as  10  per  cent.,  but  averages 
approximately  5  per  cent.  The  values  are  85  per  cent,  gold  and  15  per  cent, 
silver.  Average  value  of  ore  approximately  $16,50  (U,  S.  Cy.). 


CHIHUAHUA 


195 


Properties  are  opened  by  shafts,  tunnels  and  drifts.  Pettit  tunnel  cuts 
ore-bodies  1000  ft.  below  surface.  The  method  of  mining  is  overhead 
stoping  and  waste  filling.  Milling  plant  handles  5000  tons  per  month. 
Method  of  reduction.  Ores  crushed  in  cyanide  solution,  thence  to  Hunt- 
ington  Mills  and  classifiers.  Coarser  portion  of  pulp  passed  through  Aus- 
tralian grinding  pans.  Pulp  is  now  concentrated  over  Frue  Vanners, 
thence  to  cyanide  plant.  Cone  classifiers  at  cyanide  plant  separate  sands 
and  slimes.  These  are  cyanided  separately.  Slimes  after  going  to  agitat- 
ing tanks  are  sent  to  Butters'  filter.  The  values  are  recovered  by  zinc 
dust  precipitation.  Development  work  is  being  carried  on  at  the  rate  of 
900  ft.  per  month. 

RIO  PLATA  MINING  CO. 

CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 

U.  S.  Currency  Used 


Year  Ended  Nov.  30 


1912 


1911  1910 


1909 


$178  628 

Expenses.  . 

96,575 

Profit  
Silver,  ounces  produced  
Tons  ore  milled  
Silver,  ounces  recovered  per  ton  
Tons  tails  cyanided 

82,053 
291,963 
6,175 
47.16 

846,698 
8,775 
36.0 
25,381 

834,862 
13,952 
46.84 
21,900 

422,137 
14,545 
61.21 
2.1431 

Silver,  ounces  recovered  
Mill  extraction,  per  cent  

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 
Mining  

90 
$2.710 

34.3 

87.2 

$2.24 

28.3 
85.9 

$1.881 

37.3 

87.6 

$1.89 

1  619 

Milling 

782 

46 

.446 

Cyaniding 

2  774 

2.37 

2.241 

Power  
General  expenses 

.697 
.652 

.407 
.894 

.409 
1.037 

3.27 

Depreciation.  .  .  . 

.847 

.548 

Freight  and  forwarding  
Administration  

.631 
2.040 

.390 
.895 

.682 
1.066 

1.37 
1.52 

Mine  total  . 

$11  905 

$8  .  530 

$8.310 

$8.05 

N.  Y.  Administration  

3.732 

.818 

.768 

.65 

Total  

$15.637 

$9  .  348 

$9.078 

$8.70 

1  The  remaining  12,069  tons  went  to  storage  dam. 

General  Remarks. — The  ores  are  a  silver-bearing  quartz.  The  veins 
vary  from  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  in  width.  The  ore  crushed  and  concentrated.  The 
tails  are  cyanided. 


196 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SAN  TOY  MINING  CO. 

CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gr.  val.  prod  

$314,884.22 

$793,318.47 

$529,470  48 

Less  smelting  charges  

34,479.37 

48,282.48 

96,766.36 

Net  ret.  fr.  sales 

$280,404  85 

$745,035  99 

$432  704  12 

Miscl.  income  

21,112.77 

24,489  .  07 

4,858.50 

Gross  income  
Total  expenses  

$301,517.62 
195,060.09 

769,525.06 
273,031.69 

437,562.62 
279,996.06 

Net  earnings  

$106,457.53 

$496,493.37 

$157,566.56 

Tons  ore  mined  
Tons  ore  shipped  
Silver  produced,  ounces  
Silver  per  ton,  ore,  ounces  
Lead  produced,  pounds  
Per  cent,  lead  per  ton  ore  
Gr.  val.  per  ton  
Val.  per  ton  fr.  smltr  
Net  profit  per  ton  

7,851 
7,324 
485,712 
66.3 
260,989 
1.80 
$42.99 
32.28 
11.65 

12,173 
12,173 
1,433,071 
117.7 
1,275,778 
5.9 
$65.17 
61.20 
38.77 

20,181 
20,181 
879,492 
43.6 
1,584,528 
3.9 
$26.23 
21.44 
7.56 

Costs  per  ton  ; 
Mining  ore,  handling  and  development 
Freight  
Taxes  
General  expense  
Depreciation  

$15.595 
1.368 
2.790 
4.830 
2.048 

$12.201 
2.100 
3.145 
3.750 
1.232 

$8.247 
2.154 
1.206 
1.523 
0.743 

Total.  

$26.631 

$22.428 

$13.873 

Average  price  received  for  silver,  ounces 
Average  price  received  for  lead,  pounds.  . 

60.071 

2.89^ 

51.87?; 
1.79»< 

52.10? 
1.65?i 

Notes. — The  main  ore-body  is  horizontal  and  occurs  at  a  shallow  depth. 
The  ore  is  a  silver-lead  product  which  is  shipped  to  the  smelters  for  reduction. 

The  ore-body  varies  considerably  in  width  and  in  mineral  content.  Ave. 
width  15  ft.  The  mine  is  operated  through  shafts,  the  greatest  depth  being 
1657  ft.  Little  or  no  ore,  however,  is  coming  from  below  the  first  level. 
Prospecting  has  been  carried  on  in  a  lower  stratum  of  fossilized  lime.  Large 
open  fissures  have  made  the  diamond  drill  work  a  difficult  task.  Electric 
power  is  generated  by  gas  producer  plant  on  the  property. 


STATE   OF  MEXICO 

COMPANIA  MINERA  LAS  DOS  ESTRELLAS,  S.  A. 
TLALPUJAHUA,  NEAR  EL  ORO,  MEXICO 

MEXICAN  CURRENCY  MEXICAN  WEIGHTS 

RESUME  OF  ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  YEAR  ENDING  DEC.  31,  1912 


Revenue  : — Gross  value  of  metals  and  ores  sold. . 
Miscellaneous. . . 


$11,421,995.70 
72,129.38 


$11,494,125.08 

Expenses  : — Operating,  including  cost  of  selling  shipping  ore 4,732,203.44 

Amortization 186,127.00 

Paris  and  Mexico  taxes,  offices,  etc 428,917.65 

Miscellaneous _       53,713.23 

$5,400,961.32 

Net  profit $6,093,163 . 76 

Produced  during  the  year: — Milling  ore.  .    504,171  metric  tons 
Shipping  ore 1,418  metric  tons 

Total 505,589  metric  tons,  from  which  were  recovered 

Gold,  kilos 6,545.6 

Silver,  kilos _        68,048.5 

Gross  value $11,237,311 .49 

Average  monthly  production,  42,132  metric  tons. 
COSTS 

Mining: — Development 1.21 

Ore  breaking 2.71 

Tramming 17 

Transportation,  electric  haulage 05 

Maintenance 63 

Ventilation 04 

Surface  expense 19 

Sampling 01 

General  expense 32         $5 . 33 

Milling : — Crushing  and  conveying 03 

Stamping 41 

Tube  milling 36 

General  expense 03         $   .93 

Cyaniding : — Labor  and  power 77 

Na  Cy,  0.44448  kilos 36 

Lime,  13.56  kilos 13 

Zinc,  0.4602  kilos 18  1 . 57 

Assaying :  .  09 

General  expense .54 

Shipping  and  selling  : — Freight  and  treatment 37 

Taxes 41  .78 

Total  costs $9.24  per  metric  ton. 

197 


198 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


EL  ORO  MINING  AND  RAILWAY  COMPANY,  LTD. 

STATE  OP  MEXICO,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  June  30 

U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Gross  value  
Ore  milled,  tons 

$2,228,190.50 
302  698 

$2,389,349 
360  294 

$2,562,675 
316  138 

$2,442,374 
285  181 

Average  value  per  ton  .  . 
Mill  recovery,  per  cent. 
Profit  per  ton 

$7.66 
85.14 

$7.63 
87.00 

$2  65 

$8.86 
91.41 

$2  93 

$9.55 
89.65 
$3   14 

Costs  per  ton  mined  : 
Mining  

$1.89 

$1  55 

$2.25 

$2.50 

Development  
Milling  

.83 
.18 

.74 
.17 

.94 

.28 

.69 
.40 

Cyaniding 

93 

91 

87 

90 

Water  supply  

.01 

.02 

.01 

.02 

General  expense  
Taxes 

.22 
23 

.22 
29 

.25 
33 

.32 
.32 

Miscell.  exp  

Cost  per  ton  treated 

.10 

$3  79 

.08 

.24 

.27 

$4.39 

$3.98 

$5.17 

$5.42 

Note. — The  ore-bodies  vary  in  width  from  10  ft.  to  60  ft.  The  values 
are  mainly  gold.  Operated  through  shafts  between  1500  ft.  and  1600  ft. 
deep.  The  ore  is  stamped  and  then  siimed  in  tube-mills.  The  product  is 
then  cyanided.  Transportation  facilities  good.  Average  duty  per  stamp 
8.88  tons  per  24  hours. 

The  operating  profit  in  1912  was  $759,356  ;  and  1911,  $955,509.  In 
1912,  84,459  tons  of  tailings  were  treated.  * 

Operations,  1913  :— Gross,  $2,188,723. '  Profit,  $633,285.  Tons  milled, 
253,434.  Value,  $7.21.  Extraction,  88.39%.  Cost  per  ton  mined:— Min.. 
$2.09.  Dev.,  $1.42.  Mill,  $.18.  Cyan.,  $.78.  Total,  $5.05.  Cost  per 
ton  milled: — $3.59.  Tons  tailings  treated,  180,274.  Ore  reserves,  June 
30,  1913:— 448,053  tons,  value,  $9.90. 


MEXICO 


199 


ESPERANZA  MINING  COMPANY 

EL  OBO,  MEXICO 

U.  S.  Currency 


Year  ended  Dec.  31. 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Gross  value. 

$1,361,309 

$1,675,611 

$2,133,896 

$2,094,446 

Total  expense  

1,067,915 

1,203,166 

1,275,227 

1,315,201 

Working  profit  

$298,325* 

$480,273 

$858,669 

$779,245 

Net  profit 

Mine  and  mill  : 
Tons  treated  wet 

229.0761 

272,235 

229,878 

212,470 

Contents  per  ton  (metric")  : 
Gold,  grams  

11  55 

11.12 

Silver,  grams  

70  48 

76.76 

Gross  revenue  per  ton  

$7  31 

$6.17 

$9.37 

$10.44 

Net  profit  per  ton  
Per  cent,  recovered: 
Gold  (weight)  per  cent 

1.30 
79  72 

1.76 

88  12 

3.74 

3.71 

Silver  (weight)  per  cent 

72  73 

55  63 

Total  recovery  (values)  per  cent.. 
Av.  price  reed.,  for  metals  :2 
Gold  per  kilo 

78.64 
$1  327  58 

83.00 
$1  333  33 

84.04 

86.17 
$1  332.57 

Silver  per  kilo  .  . 

42  16 

34  37 

33  74 

Cost  per  ton  (milled  wet)  : 
Mining  

$2  26 

$1  39 

$2  05 

$2.71 

Development  .    . 

1  08 

70 

.96 

.97 

Milling  

1.61 

1.52 

1.64 

2.19 

Shipping  and  selling  
Genl.  expense  

.23 
.56 

.09 
.46 

.16 
.64* 

.22 
.55* 

Office  expense  

.03 

.05 

Maintenance  

.26 

.22 

.90 

.69 

Total  

$6  03 

$4  43 

$6  35 

$7.33 

Total  

$5  66 

$6.78 

Development,  feet  

9,361 

15,406 

12,915 

10,797 

1  Dry  tons  treated  210,726.  2  Mexican  currency.  8  After  miscl.  profit.  «  Not  included 
in  figure  given  in  annual  report. 

(Tons,  2000  Ib.  unless  otherwise  stated) 

Resume  of  Operations,  1908.— Gross  production,  $2,146,290;  tons  ore 
treated  wet,  168,769;  value  ore  milled,  $14.75;  average  value  per  ton  re- 
covered, $12.72;  extraction,  94.4  per  cent.;  profit  per  ton,  $5.50;  cost  per 
ton,  mining,  $2.81;  developing,  0.76;  milling,  $2.30;  shipping  and  selling, 
$.54;  general  expenses,  $.66;  maintenance  and  reserve,  $.84;  total,  $7.91. 
Total  Results  of  Mine  to  Dec.  31,  1912. — Dry  metric  tons,  1,856,434;  gross  yield, 
$63,984,698;  Mexican  currency;  development,  129,043  ft. 

Remarks.' — Veins  vary  in  width  from  3  ft.  and  5  ft.  to  over  50  ft.  Mine 
operated  by  shafts.  The  mill  treatment  is  concentration  and  cyaniding. 
Stamp  mill  has  120  stamps,  1250  Ib.  each,  tube  mill  regrind  and  Pachuca 
cyanide  tanks.  Transportation  facilities  good. 


200 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  MEXICO  MINES  OF  EL  ORO,  LTD. 
EL  ORO,  ESTADO  DE  MEXICO,  MEXICO 
Year  Ended  June  30 

•  __  U.  S.  and  English  Currency 


1913 


1911 


1910 


Bullion  recovered 

£340  864 

£311  759 

£284  036 

Total  recpt.  with  int.  and  sundry  recpts. 
Total  expenses 

346,790 
145  213 

314,107 
130  022 

294,364 
139  373 

Profit  

Mine: 
Ore  prod,  by  stopine  and  dev.,  tons.. 

Mill  and  cyaniding: 
Tons  crushed 

£201,577 
158,630 
158  395 

£184,085 
131,820 
136  408 

£154,991 
138,266 
136  372 

Assay  value  of  ore,  gold  
Assay  value  of  ore,  silver  
Extraction,  theoretical,  gold  
Extraction,  theoretical,  silver  
Extraction,  theoretical,  total  
Bullion  realised,  gold  

$8.23 
$3.61 
91.85% 
79.50% 
88.09% 
$1,200,519 

$8.93 
$3.68 
92.08% 
80.46% 
88.69% 
$1,128  256 

$8.31 
$3.24 
91.55% 
80  20% 
88.37% 
$1  026  923 

Bullion  realised,   silver  

$469,021 

$399,973 

$365,413 

Total  bullion  realised  

Percentages  of  values  act.  recovered: 
Gold  
Silver  
Total 

$1,669,540 

92.04% 
82.02% 
88  99% 

$1,528,229 

92.65% 
79.62% 
88  84  "7 

$1,392,336 

90.64% 
82  .  78  % 
88  43  °7 

Costs  per  ton,  U.S.  Currency  : 
Mining  
Development  
Milling 

$1.30 
.82 
22 

$1.35 

.87 
23 

$1.62 
1.02 
23 

Cyaniding 

97 

1  08 

1   04 

Water  supply 

02 

02 

General  

35 

27 

25 

Taxes  

46 

54 

50 

Total  cost 

$4   12 

$4  36 

$4  68 

Total  cost  with  Miscl  
Development,  feet 

4.12 
8  140 

$4.64 
12  137 

$4.75 
9  558 

Grade  ore  reserves: 
Gold  value  

$9  50 

$9  50 

$9  57 

Silver,  ounces  •  . 

5  3 

6  1 

5  9 

Mill  ran  per  cent,  of  total  time  
Av.  tons  treated  daily  
Stamp  duty  

97.32 
433.9 
11   15 

97.73 
373.7 
9  56 

97.8 
9  55 

Average  received  value  per  ton  

$10.54 

$11.20 

10.21 

MEXICO  201 

The  total  working  cost  for  the  year  1909  was  $5.67  and  for  1908  was 
$6.33.  During  the  latter  part  of  1910,  the  high-grade  sulphide  ore  previously 
shipped  to  the  smelter  was  cyanided  separately,  which  increased  greatly 
the  profits  from  this  ore.  By  giving  it  special  treatment,  average  extractions 
of  97.49  per  cent,  of  gold  and  91.37  per  cent,  of  silver  were  obtained  or  a 
total  saving  of  96.14  per  cent.  The  high  grade  so  treated  was  607  tons, 
yielding  bullion  to  the  sum  of  $60,749,  which  amount  is  included  in  the  pro- 
duction given  under  operations  for  1910. 

In  1912  total  costs  were  $4.37:  mining  was  $1.28;  milling  $.25;  cyaniding, 
$1.08;  genl.  exp.,  $0.35;  and  taxes,  $0.48. 

Remarks.  Accessibility.' — El  Oro  Camp,  State  of  Mexico,  Mexico.  El 
Oro  Mng.  &  R.  R.  railroad  connects  with  national  lines  of  Mexico. 

Character  of  Ore.  — Siliceous  quartz  ore;  principal  metal  content,  gold  with 
some  silver.  At  depth  and  in  some  of  the  smaller  veins  a  fine  sulphide 
occurs  in  the  quartz  (mixed  but  principally  iron). 

Character  of  Ore-body. — Large  fissure  veins  principally  in  shale,  with  100 
to  500  ft.  of  andesite  capping  covering  both  vein  and  shale. 

Width.— Main  San  Rafael  vein  40  to  200  ft.  in  width.  West  sulphide 
veins  3  to  30  ft.  in  width. 

Method  of  Mining. — In  big  vein  principally  square  setting  and  filling, 
some  filling  without  square  sets.  Smaller  veins  filled  and  some  held  open 
with  just  stulls. 

Method  of  Opening.1 — Opened  by  drifting  on  the  vein,  dist  betw.  levels 
100  ft.  Stoping  started  by  square  setting  sill  floor.  In  some  places  a  10-ft. 
pillar  is  left  over  the  level  and  stoping  carried  up  above  that. 

Depth  of  Mine.— 1500  to  2000  ft. 

Amount  Water. — 400  to  700  gal.  per  minute. 

Method  of  Ore  Reduction.' — Some  high-grade  ore  shipped  direct  to  smelter 
but  the  bulk  of  ore  is  treated  in  the  cyanide  plant. 

General  Conditions. — This  mine  covers  the  north  extension  of  the  San 
Rafael  and  west  veins  of  the  Esperanza  and  El  Oro  mines.  The  Mexico 
mine  holdings  are  small  but  the  area  has  proved  to  be  exceedingly  produc- 
tive, both  the  San  Rafael  and  the  smaller  sulphide  veins  to  the  west. 

Miners  receive $1.25  to  2.50  (Mexican  Currency)  per  day. 

Peons  receive $   .75  to  1.25  (Mexican  Currency)  per  day. 

Machine  men  receive $2.00  to  3.50  (Mexican  Currency)  per  day. 


DURANGO  AND  HIDALGO 

Pachuca  District 


CANDELARIA  LAND,  MINING  &  POWER  CO.,  LTD. 

CANDELARIA,  SAN  DIMAS  DISTRICT,  DURANGO,  MEXICO 

Ten  Months  Ended  June  30 
U.  S.  Currency 

1912 


Gross  production $217,128.36 

Total  expenses $114,577.08 

Net  profit $102,551 . 28 

Tons  ore  milled 22,191 

Assay  value $10.46 

Value  recovered 9.50 

Value  in  tails .96 

Mill  extraction,  per  cent 90. 81 

Costs  per  ton  milled 

Mining  and  development $2 . 2452 

Milling 1 . 6666 

Overhead  charges 1 . 0723 

S.  F.  office .  1791 

Total $5 . 1632 

Development,  feet 2,607 

Cost  per  foot $3 . 88 


Notes. — The  veins  vary  in  width  from  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  The  values  are 
mainly  silver.  The  mine  operates  through  tunnel  or  adit  levels. 

The  mill  has  18  stamps  with  average  crushing  capacity  of  5.33  tons  per 
24  hours.  The  ore  is  re-ground  in  tube  mills  and  cyanided  in  Pachuca 
agitation  tanks. 

The  entire  property  including  mill,  power  plant,  etc.,  is  undergoing  ex- 
tensive changes  and  improvements.  It  is  stated  that  costs  will  be  reduced 
and  production  increased  next  year. 


202 


HIDALGO 


203 


COMPANIA  DE  MINAS  LA  BLANCA  Y  ANEXAS,  S.  A. 

PACHUCA,  HIDALGO,  MEXICO 
Metric  Weights  Mexican  Currency 


Year  ended  June 


1913 


Gross  value  of  production $3,659,084 

Mining  and  milling  costs $2,190,198 

General  expenses,  Mexico  and  Paris  118,729 2,308,927 

Net  operating  profit $1,350,157 

Sale  of  15,000  shares  in  Paris 450,000 

Total  cash  received $1,800,157 

Distributed  as  follows: 

Dividends $1,008,000 

Reserve  fund , 168,489 

Amortization  of  various  accounts 623,668 

$1,800,157 

Mine  and  mill : 

Dry  tons  milled 135,942 

Average  contents  silver,  grams 611 

Average  contents  gold,  grams 3 . 21 

Price  silver  per  kilo $40. 52 

Silver  values  recovered 24 . 76 

Gold  values  recovered 4 . 28 

Total  values  recovered $29 . 04 

Per  cent,  recovery  silver 92 . 18 

Per  cent,  recovery  gold 95 . 68 

Total  recovery,  per  cent 92 . 70 

Stamp  duty,  tons 9.75 

Costs  per  ton: 

Development $2.215 

Mining 7.822 

Milling .603 

Concentration  and  cyaniding 2.855 

General  expense .  742 

Shipping  and  selling 1 . 874 

Total $16.111 


Remarks. — La  Blanca  is  similar  to  Santa  Gertrudis  in  practically  every 
respect.  Siliceous  silver  ore  treated  in  a  cyanide  mill  of  275  tons  capacity . 
This  plant  is  now  being  increased  to  500  tons  monthly. 


204  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

THE  SANTA  GERTRUDIS  COMPANY,  LTD. 
PACHUCA,  HIDALGO,  MEXICO 


Tons  2000  Ib. 


Year  Ended  June  30 
U.  S.  Currency 


1913 


1912 


Production  : 
Silver  ounces  

4,243,932 

4,420,326 

Gold  ounces  . 

21  807 

26  006 

Expenses  and  profits  : 
Gross  earnings  

£631  718 

£631  432 

Operating  expenses  

370  859 

355  934 

Net  earnings  

£260,859 

£275  498 

Including  miscellaneous  revenue  
Depreciation 

£260,859 
25  374 

£276,648 
24  227 

Net  profit  

Tons  treated  and  contents  : 
Ore  treated  tons  dry 

£235,485 
263  554 

£252,421 
269  839 

Gross  contents.  . 

$3  430  720 

$3  484  551 

Gross  contents  

£706,500 

£714  047 

Value  per  ton  

$13  02 

$12  90 

Value  per  ton  

£2  13s.  7d. 

£2  12s    lid 

Per  cent,  gold  by  value  

14  1 

15  2 

Per  cent,  silver  by  value  
Total  gold,  ounces  

85.9 
23,790 

84.8 
23,356 

Total  silver,  ounces  

Recoveries  : 

Bullion  per  ton 

4,763,152 

£2  7s    lid 

4,718,019 
£2  6s    lOd 

Bullion  per  ton           .  . 

$11  70 

$11  42 

Per  cent,  recovered  values 

89  41 

88  43 

Value  bullion  .... 

$3,082,783 

$3,081,393 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining  and  delivery  to  mill  
Development  .                

$3.16 
1.221 

$3.55 
1.08 

Milling,  shipping,  selling,  etc  

2.44 

1.77 

Total  approx.  cost  incl.  milling  and  all  expenses  
Profit  per  ton  (approximate) 

$6.82 

$4  88 

$6.40 

$5  00 

Average  price  silver  per  ounce   cents 

57.2 

Development,  feet  

17,193 

16,249 

1  Including  outlay  for  new  shaft. 


HIDALGO  205 

Notes,  Operations,  1912. — During  the  year  the  following  results  were 
obtained  in  Guadalupe  and  new  mills: 


Guadalupe 
mill  (tailings) 

New  mill 

Dry  tons,  mills  and  cyanided-  .  .  .  . 

44,590 

225,249 

Gross  value  per  ton  
Per  cent,  recovered  
Value  recovered  per  ton  

$5.27 
85.62 

$4.52 

$14.43 
88.63 
$12.79 

Ore  Reserves  June  30,  1913  : 

(a)  778,000  tons  of  positive  and  partly  developed  ore  that  will  yield  a 

profit  of $3,740,000 

(b)  269,000  tons  of  probable  ore  that  will  yield  a  profit  of 1,040,000 


$4,780,000 

Remarks. — The  property  is  developed  by  three  shafts  and  to  a  maximum 
depth  of  2000  ft.  During  the  year  1913  all  contemplated  construction  work 
was  finished  and  the  mine  is  now  fully  equipped.  During  that  period  there 
was  expended  on  construction  $126,416.  The  San  Francisco  shaft  was 
equipped  with  steel  head  frame  electric  hoist,  etc.,  the  main  pump  station 
was  completed  on  1800  level  and  new  centrifugal  pump  station  installed 
on  the  2000  level.  The  mine  is  now  equipped  to  produce  25,000  tons  a 
month.  The  property  has  mill  and  cyanide  plant.  Company  operates 
with  electric  power.  No  difficulty  was  experienced  in  1912  from  the 
revolution  in  Mexico.  The  general  conditions  pertaining  to  ore  occurrence, 
etc.,  at  Santa  Gertrudis  are  the  same  as  at  the  LaBlanca  Mine  (see  data  on 
that  mine). 

Costs,  1914:  Mining  and  delivery,  $2.53;  development,  $.55;  milling, 
$1.21;  shipping  and  selling,  $.43;  total  $4.72.  These  figures  include  all 
costs  in  Mexico,  plus  depreciation.  In  the  summer  of  1914  the  total  cost 
was  reduced  to  $4.04. 


206 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Guanajuato  District 

GUANAJUATO  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  &  MILLING  CO. 
GUANAJUATO,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31, 
U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


Total  production  

$510,469.31 

$436,503 

$599,895 

$647,4001 

Ton  milled 

76,645 

51,949 

91,671 

86,580 

Average  value  recovered,  per  ton  
Mill  recovery,  per  cent 

$6.67 
96  81 

$8.40 
96.39 

$6.544 
96.12 

$7.84 
95.31 

Profit  per  ton  

$.87 

$1.319 

$0.759 

$1.044 

Costs  per  ton  : 

Mining,  milling  and  cyaniding  
Development  

$4.23 
.65 

$4  .  579 
1.198 

$3.937 
.855 

$4  .  276 
1.259 

Construction  
Treatment  of  concentrates  

.04 
.45 

.022 
.619 

.0309 
.451 

.5072 

Taxes  and  bullion  expenses  
General  expense 

.23 
.20 

.301 
.362 

.296 
.216 

.524 
.230 

Total  

$5.80 

$7.081 

$5.7859 

$6.796 

Since  January  1,  1913,  there  has  been  a  decided  improvement  in  the  earnings  of  this 
company.  The  profits  per  ton  have  averaged  from  $1 . 50  to  $2  as  compared  with  $.87 
during  1912.  This  is  the  result  of  the  advance  in  price  of  silver  and  in  the  grade  of  the  ore 
going  to  the  mill.  The  profits  for  April  amounted  to  a  little  over  $17,000  gold. 

Resume  of  Operation,  1908.— Total  production,  $586,101;  tons  milled, 
87,548;  value  recovered,  $7.525;  extraction,  90.41  per  cent.;  profit,  $1.193; 
mining,  milling  and  cyaniding,  $4.454;  dev.  and  const.,  .688;  treat,  of  cone., 
.495;  taxes  and  bullion  exp.,  .504;  genl.  exp.,  .191;  total  cost,  $6.332. 

1  Includes  $6763.30  shipping  ore.     Ratio  silver  to  gold,  6  to  1. 

2  Includes  treatment  charges  on  shipping  ore. 

Remarks.— Mine  opened  by  shaft  to  depth  of  about  1000  ft.  Vein  varies 
in  width  from  3  ft.  to  over  200  ft.  in  one  stope.  Values  are  mainly  silver. 

Mill  has  80  stamps  with  tube  mill  regrind.     The  ore  is  stamped,  concen 
trated,  reground  and  then  cyanided. 


METRIC  WEIGHTS  (MEXICAN  STANDARD) 
1  metric  ton  =2204  Ib.  avoir. 
1  gramme  =15.432  grains  =  .0321  oz.  Troy 
1  kilogramme  =32.15  oz. 
1  gramme  gold  =  64.3»f  U.  S.  Currency 
1  meter  =39. 37  in.  =3.28  ft. 
A  Mexican  peso  or  silver  dollar  =$0.50  U.  S.  Currency 


GUANAJUATO 


207 


GUANAJUATO  REDUCTION  &  MINES  CO. 
GUANAJUATO,  MEXICO 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 

1912 


1911 


Gross  metal  production  „  

$928,327.99 

$857,460.06 

Total  gross  revenue 

961,107  25 

918,975.00 

Total  expenses  

935,236  32 

897,569.68 

Total  profit  

$25,870  93 

$21,405.32 

200  7  grm 

General  average  of  ore  milled  <       .  , 

2  26  grm 

Metric  tons  milled   total 

223  780 

221,305 

Mine  ore  sent  to  mill 

95  465 

76,912 

Dump  ore  sent  to  mill 

128  315 

146,168 

225  5  grm. 

240  0  grm. 

Average  grade  mine  ore,  approximately  <      ,  , 

2  70  grm. 

2.1 

\  silver  .  .  . 

182  8  grm. 

190.4 

Average  grade  dump  ore  <        , 

1.96  grm. 

2.2 

Mill  recovery  /^.percent  
*  \gold,  per  cent  

80.04 
88.09 

78.78 
88.27 

Total  recovery,  per  cent  

82  26 

81.7 

Average  daily  tonnage.  .  .  . 

606 

Average  stamp  duty  

3.911 

Average  price  of  silver,  ounces  
Coats  are  Mexican  currency  and  metric  tons. 
Average  milling  costs 

60.82?! 
$  9807 

53.3j< 
$1  0160 

Average  cyaniding  costs  

$1.725 

1.7815 

Total  treatment  costs  .... 

$2  7057 

$2  7975 

Cost  per  ton  \  ,        .    . 
_.                      >layed  at  mill  bins 

$0  618 

$0  528 

Dump  ore      /     ' 

This  company  is  treating  the  stope  fills  and  surface  dumps  of  the  bonanza 
ores  from  the  Rayas  and  Mellado  mines. 

The  main  ore  supply  has  been  coming  from  the  dumps  while  the  old 
underground  workings  are  being  prepared  for  the  drawing  off  of  the  old 
stope  fills  in  the  upper  levels. 

The  company  will  un water  the  lower  levels  and  sink  into  virgin  territory. 

There  have  been  very  heavy  development  and  installation  expenses 
necessary  during  the  past  two  years  preparatory  to  getting  the  property 
into  condition  for  a  large  tonnage. 

The  milling  plant  consists  of  180  stamps,  Wilfley  and  Johnson  concen- 
trating tables,  tube-mills,  cyanide-plant  and  Butters  filter-presses. 


GUERRERO  AND  JALISCO  STATES 

SURIANA  MINING  &  SMELTING  COMPANY 
ACHOTLA,  GUERRERO,  MEXICO 

Tons  Metric  U.  S.  Currency 

COSTS 

Mining $2.44 

Development 1 .78 

Smelting  and  refining 10. 34 


Total  per  ton 14.56 

Production,  metric  tons  per  month 1056 

Administration,  construction  and  transportation  charges  are  included  in 
the  above  costs,  which  represent  the  total  cost  of  all  operations. 

The  Achotla  Mine  is  located  50  miles  down  the  Balsas  River,  from  Balsas 
Station,  the  terminus  of  the  railroad.  Transportation  is  by  boat  from 
Balsas  to  Pezuapa  and  thence  by  mule  6|  miles  to  the  mine.  Elevation 
2800  ft.;  operating  conditions  difficult  and  freight  charges  very  high.  All 
bullion  and  matte  produced  must  be  freighted  to  the  railroad  on  mules,  a 
distance  of  65  miles. 

The  stopes  are  small  and  irregular  and  have  to  be  heavily  timbered. 
The  square-set  method  of  timbering  is  used. 

Wood  is  burned  under  the  boilers.  The  power  plant  consists  of  a  50-h.p. 
engine,  a  Piquat  Blower  furnishing  750  cu  ft.  of  air  per  minute  at  15  oz. 
pressure,  and  a  10-h.p.  direct  current  generator.  The  lead  stack  is  36X60 
in.  at  the  tuyeres  and  handles  about  52  tons  of  charge  per  day,  61  per  cent. 
of  which  is  bedded  ore,  10  per  cent,  iron  flux,  3  per  cent,  litharge,  26  per  cent, 
lime;  percentage  of  coke  varies  from  10  to  16  per  cent,  and  at  times  is 
partially  replaced  by  charcoal.  The  ores  smelted  are  oxidized  lead  ores, 
oxidized  iron  ores,  silicious  ore  and  sulphide  ores.  Low-grade  lead  bullion 
averaging  about  20  kg.  of  silver  and  300  gr.  gold  and  a  leady  copper  matte 
averaging  5  kg.  of  silver,  2  gr.  of  gold,  31  per  cent,  lead,  10  per  cent,  copper 
is  produced.  The  bullion  is  refined  in  a  cupelling  furnace  up  to  600  fine. 

Coke  costs  $25  per  metric  ton  delivered  at  mine. 

Timber  cost,  50  cents  U.  S.  Currency  per  ton  of  ore  stoped. 

Data  by  W.  B.  DEVEREUX,  JR. 

AMPARO  MINING  CO. 

ETZATLAN,  JALISCO,  MEXICO 

See  Appendix,  page  396. 
208 


Gulf  of  Campecke   ^Sebancuj 
xtrV^-Xoi?'  5  _     °ffc!M> 


"^LIGHTHOU 
>T,6/?NEFFE  IS 

.......  Cr^eCAr 

-    ... -.GLOVERS  RKI 


^^"Fsta  W^P1"^    //         \ 


CEXTHAL  AMEBICA 


0  50  100 

BaUroadK 

(Submarine  Telegraph  Linen . 

Oapitalg 

Size  of  type  indicates  Relative 
importance  of  places 


1.  Oroya  Leonesa         2.  Lone  S 

4  Abangarez         5.  R 

7.  Butter's  Salvad 


Siempre  Viva       3.  Montezuma 
io  Mine         6.  Aguacate 
Butter's  Divisadero 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 

U.  S.  CURRENCY  TON  =  2000  LBS. 

COSTA  RICA 

ABANGAREZ  GOLD  FIELDS  OF  COSTA  RICA 
COSTA  RICA,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 


1912 


1911  1910 


Gross  receipts  sale  of  gold  bullion  

S606.782.22 

$928,586 

$805,233 

Total  expenses  

735,465  .  66 

721,996 

532,683 

Surplus  earnings  

128,683.44 

$206,589 

$272,046 

Deduct  interest           

46,779.90 

18,037 

5,503 

$175,463.34 

$188,552 

$267,046 

Tons  treated  

50,011 

42,514 

31,317 

Average  yield  

$12.14 

$21.84 

$25.71 

Cost  per  ton  : 

9  11 

$10.06 

$8.17 

1.07 

1.61 

.84 

2.28 

2.38 

1.94 

Transportation                      .             ... 

.57 

2.38 

5.05 

General  

1.13 

.31 

.59 

Administration  

.26 

.24 

.42 

29 

Total  cost 

$14  71 

$16.98 

$17.01 

Direct  charges  to  profit  and  loss  : 

Depreciation  on  surface  equipment  

$76,897.03 

$81,695 

$84,241 

Amortized  charge  representing  5  per  cent,  of  gross 

30,339.11 

46,429 

40,261 

output  for  year. 

Underground  development,  feet  

9,845 

10,351 

7,257 

Remarks. — Property  is  located  in  Costa  Rica  near  the  coast,  on  the 
Pacific  side  up  the  Gulf  from  Punta  Arenas  20  miles  to  nearest  seaport, 
thence  20  miles  by  wagon  road  to  the  mine. 

In  1909  company  began  a  campaign  of  betterment  work  of  increasing 
output  of  mines.  This  work  was  to  be  finished  in  1913.  It  is  expected 
plant  will  then  handle  at  least  10,000  tons  of  ore  per  month.  Company's 
new  power  plant  went  into  commission  in  March,  1912.  In  mill  new 
stamps  have  been  added,  and  old  stamps  have  been  replaced  with  1250-lb. 
stamps.  At  close  of  1912  twenty  heavy  new  stamps  have  been  erected. 
Ores  are  stamped  and  cyanided.  Ore  ground  fine  in  tube  mills. 
14  209 


210  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

AGUACATE  MINES 
SAN  MATEO,  COSTA  RICA,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 

Period  May  15,  1911  to  Aug.  1,  1912 

Production : 

Bullion 37,034 

Results  of  Amalgamation: 

Capacity  mill  stamps 10 

Weight  of  stamps 1350  Ib. 

Tons  milled 8,026 

Assay  value .  $11.57 

Per  cent,  recovered  by  amalgamation 40 

Total  value  in  tailings 56,651 

Per  cent.,  in  tailings 60 

Estimate  results  with  cyanide  plant  cap.  2000  tons  a  month :.  .  .  . 

Value  ore  per  ton $12 .  OO1 

Estimated  recovery,  per  cent 85 

Value  recovery 10. 20 

Estimated  costs $  5.32 

Estimated  profit  per  ton $  4 . 88 

Estimated  annual  profit $117,120 

The  following  on  operations  for  first  six   months  of  1912  is  published  with  permission 
of  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press: — 

Cost  of  production: 

First  6  months,    1912,  only  amalgamation  treating  966  tons  per  month 
using  steam  power. 

Mining $  1 . 62 

Tramming .52 

Milling 1.24 

Marketing  bullion .07 

Gen'l.  exp .46 

Administration .47 


$  4.38 
Credit  for  land  rental  and  store. . ,  .17 


$  4.212 

Development 4,728  ft. 

During  this  period  the  following  tons  were  handled: 

Tons  mined  wet 6,713 

Tons  mined  dry 5,863 

Aveg.  assay  value $12. 15 

*It  is  estimated  that  the  grade  of  the  ore  can  be  maintained  at  $12  per  ton,  probably 
$15.  Judging  from  the  description  given  in  the  reports  the  veins,  of  which  there  are  several, 
average  from  2£  to  3  ft.  in  width.  The  mine  is  developed  by  seven  levels.  Development 
is  by  means  of  tunnels,  the  seventh  level  being  the  main  haulage  level.  The  mill  is  erected 
at  the  mouth  of  this  tunnel.  The  cyanide  plant  of  200  tons  daily  capacity  started  Feb- 
ruary, 1914.  2Of  this  $.35  was  for  wood  used  in  steam  plant.  Company  was  arranging 
for  electricity  from  Custom  plant  at  cost  of  $33  a  horse-power-year  for  200  horse-power. 
In  addition  its  own  plant  develops  75  horse-power. 


COSTA  RICA. 


211 


MONTEZUMA  MINES  OF  COSTA  RICA 
MONTEZUMA,  COSTA  RICA,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 

Period  1910 
Cost  in  U.  S.  Currency 


5  mo.  July 
to  Nov. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Production                  

$58,217 

$28,251 
18,430 
3,251 
$9.95 
32,347 
8.69 
3.23 
5.46 

1.38 
1.85 

$9,623 
1,822 
1,215 
$8.76 
10,643 
7.92 
6.42 
1.50 

j-  Not  avai 

$8,214 
966 
1,208 
$8.52 
10,292 
6.80 
6.00 
.80 

lable 

Est.  profit  
Tons  treated  
Val.  gold  per  ton  

7,610 

$8.86 
67,567 
$7.65 
4.69 
$2.96 

$2.34 
$2.35 

Total  gold  

Cost  per  ton 

Prof,  per  ton  
Cost  per  ton: 
Ming.  dev.  proportion  of  general  ex- 
pense. 
Milling  with  proportion  general  ex- 
pense. 

Total  expense  
Extraction,  per  cent  
Rec.  and  paid  for  by  smelter: 

$4.69 

$3.25 
87  2 

$6.42 

$6.00 

3,259 
6,765 
$69,632 

Silver,  ounces  

Total,  value  

1  Smelter  returns  show  approximately  2  oz.  silver  recovered  per  ounce  of  gold.  The 
above  figures  gave  the  tons  treated  and  the  estimated  profits.  It  is  seen  that  the  actual 
recovery  is  considerably  in  excess  of  the  estimated  returns. 

Dev.  for  the  year  1910  was  1241  ft. 

The  ore  reserves  are  estimated  at  $10.82  gold  and  $.60  silver  values  or  a 
total  of  $11 . 42.  The  estimated  recovered  is  placed  at  90  per  cent.  =  10 . 28. 
Total  costs  are  put  at  $3 . 50,  leaving  the  profit  per  ton  at  $6 . 78. 

Remarks.- — Mill  40  stamps,  tube-mill,  regrind  and  cyanide.  Operated  by 
water  power.  Supply  irregular.  The  vein  filling  is  quartz  accompanied  by 
small  amounts  of  chalcopyrite,  galena,  and  sphalerite.  For  300  ft.  below 
surface  ores  are  oxidized.  Several  parallel  veins  varying  from  1  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Where  width  does  not  exceed  5  ft.  method  of  mining  is  over-hand  stoping. 
Judging  from  the  ore  reserves  given,  the  average  width  of  the  ore  is  between 
2|  and  3  ft.  The  mine  is  located  15  miles  from  Puntarenas,  the  principal 
seaport  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


HONDURAS 

NEW  YORK  AND  HONDURAS  ROSARIO  MINING  CO. 

SAN  JUANCITO,  HONDURAS,  C.  A. 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gross  income 

$795,795 

$1,023,952  59 

884,513.28 

Expenses 

615,905 

504,320.09 

535,037.53 

Profit.  . 

179,890 

519,632.50 

349,475.75 

Production  silver,  ounces  
Production  gold,  ounces  

Total  tons  milled  
Average  value  per  ton 

1,387,077 
6,739 

39,258 

$24  23 

1,395,136 
8,103 

35,813 

$28.25 

1,289,173 
10,621 

36,634 
$26.65 

Old  mill: 
Tons  milled  

28,828 
$27  88 

Saving,  per  cent  

New  mill: 
Tons  milled 

84.75 
10,429 

84.93 

87.73 

Average  value 

$15.96 

Saving,  per  cent  

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 
Mine 

.90 
$7  592 

$8  172 

$7  .  680 

Mill.  .  . 

3  460 

3  664 

3.640 

Tramway 

.500 

.436 

.600 

Surface.  . 

2.392 

2.548 

2.100 

Total  

Development,  ft  
Cost  per  foot  

$13.944 

10,282 
$6.97 

$14.820 

13,353 

$6.24 

$14.120 

12,918 
$6.24 

No.  stamps  dropping 

47 

Duty  per  stamp  

2.08 

Remarks. — The  mine  is  located  in  the  rugged  mountains  of  Honduras. 
All  freight  is  carted  by  ox  and  mule  teams  120  miles  over  rough  roads.  The 
veins  carry  small  streaks  of  very  rich  silver  ore.  A  stoping  width  is  main- 
tained which  includes  very  low-grade  material.  The  mill  ore  has  from  20 
to  25  per  cent,  waste  in  it.  There  are  several  veins  developed  by  adit  levels. 
The  old  mill  is  being  supplanted  by  a  new  20-1850  Ib.  stamp  mill.  The  ores 
are  amalgamated  and  cyanided.  The  new  mill  was  started  in  July,  1912; 
when  in  good  operating  order  will  crush  and  treat  about  200  tons  per  day  at 
a 'cost  not  to  exceed  $3  per  ton.  The  company  expects  to  treat  $15  ore  at  a 
profit. 

212 


NICARAGUA 


LONE  STAR  MINING  CO. 
Piz  Piz  DISTRICT,  NICARAGUA,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 

Year  Ended  Feb.  28 

1910 


Gold  shipped 

Expenses 


Profit 

Tons  treated  wet 

Tons  treated  dry 

Gold  shipped  per  ton,  dry 

Dry  weight  per  cent,  of  wet 

Cost  per  ton  mined  (dry) : 

Mining 

Milling 

Cyanide 

Electric  plant 

Improvements 

Plantation 

House 

Export  duty 

Cyanide  plant,  5  mos.  operations : 

Tons  milled,  gross 

Gr.  value  per  ton 

Recovery  by  amalgamation,  per  cent 

Recovery  by  sands  treated,  per  cent 

Gross  loss  by  sands  discharged,  per  cent 

Gross  loss  by  slimes  discharged,  per  cent 


$92,240 
84,399 


$7,841 
32,398 
28,251 
$3.26 
8.72 

1.37 
.406 
.587 
.0242 
.2275 
.0867 
.0997 
.1805 


$2.9816 

14,875 
$4.17 
52 
21.8 

3.9 
22.3 


On  the  assumption  that  Slimes  Plant  would  be  in  operation,  it  would  give 
a  recovery  of  92 . 8  per  cent.  The  actual  mining  of  the  ore  costs  very  little, 
it  being  open  cast.  One  man  on  a  rope  lowered  into  the  glory  hole  can  break 
loose  a  big  tonnage.  No  timber  is  used  in  mines  except  in  drifts.  In  the 
stopes  "caving"  and  fill  systems  are  employed,  also,  "under-hand."  The 
vein  in  places  varies  up  to  90  and  100  ft.  wide. 

Mill  consists  of  30  stamps,  one  battery  of  ten  750-lb.  stamps,  and  two 
batteries  each  of  ten  650-lb.  stamps. 

The  figures  given  under  "cost  per  ton"  are  the  results  for  12  months  but 
included  1  month  in  which  the  cyanide  plant  did  not  run  and  6  months' 
scarcity  of  labor.  The  greater  part  of  the  year  only  20  stamps  were  running. 
Among  the  expenses  is  the  cost  of  an  aerial  tramway.  Mine  has  its  own 
water  power. 

213 


214 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


On  a  basis  of  150  to  200  tons  per  day  the  costs  are  estimated  as  follows: 


From 


To 


Mining  •  

$1.00 

$1.35 

Development  
Outside  tram  

.50 
.10 

.50 

.10 

10 

30 

.15 

15 

.50 

.60 

1.00 

1.15 

Engrg.  sampling  and  assaying  
Gen'l  expense  .  .  

.10 
.50 

.10 
.60 

$3.95 
.55 

$4.85 
15 

$4.50 

$5.00 

The  $4 . 50  cost  are  for  the  easier  ores  and  $5  for  the  more  difficult  ores. 
The  report  covers  two  diffierent  veins,  the  Highland  Mary  and  the  Lone 
Star  vein.     The  value,  width  of  ore  and  costs  are  estimated  ae  follows: 


Highland  Mary 

Val.  per 
ton 

Yield  per 
ton 

Expenses 

Net  prof. 

Upper  workings                                         .    .  . 

$6.82 

$4.50 

Lower  workings  
Lone  Star  incl.  Highland  Mary  
Extraction,  per  cent  

10.00 
$10.27 
85.87 

$8.82 

5.00 

$4.87 

$3.95 

The  ore-bodies  as  sampled  in  the  Highland  Mary  vein  average  from  6  to  20 
ft.  in  width,  and  in  places  vary  to  much  wider  widths.  The  Lone  Star  vein 
as  sampled  varies  between  3£  and  10  width  an  average  of  probably  5.5  or 
6  ft.  (Data  by  Henry  F.  Lefevre.) 


OROYA  LEONESA 

See  Appendix,  page  396 


NICARAGUA 


215 


SIEMPRE  VIVA  MINE 
NICARAGUA,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 


1908 


1907 


1906 


Mint  receipts  

$106,290 

$93,202 

$98,824 

Total  income  

113,000 

98,647 

101,534 

83,980 

78,983 

75,708 

Tons  treated  

$29,020 
25,927 

$19,664 
19,502 

$25,725 
18,098 

Assay  value  

$7.44 

$9.02 

$12.63 

Yield  per  ton  

4.11 

4.83 

5.46 

55 

53 

43 

Ounces  bullion 

8,429 

6,699 

7,231 

Cost  per  ton: 

$0  61 

Timbering  

.225 

434 

.337 

.351 

Washing  creek              .          

.020 

Power  plant       

.170 

Other  general  expenses  

.306 

Superintendence  

.162 

165 

236 

.184 

Survey  and  engineering 

.030 

$3.23 

$4.05 

$4.30 

The  following  data  on  milling  is  given  for  the  month  of  July,  1908. 
Handled  2160  tons  of  ore  assay  value  $8.05  per  ton,  $17,388. 

I        Per  ton 


Saved  in  mill  from  plates 

$3  06 

$6  616  00 

Saved  in  new  extra  plates  . 

31 

684  00 

Saved  in  sand  plant  by  cyanide  .    . 

84 

1,800  00 

Lost  in  slimes  to  waste  

3.84 

8,288.00 

Total  recovery  52.3  per  cent,  of  assay  value 

$17,388.00 
$9  100  00 

Loss  47  .  7  per  cent  

8,288. 

Mill  tailings  contain  82  per  cent,  slime,  18  per  cent,  sand;  average,  $4.68. 
During  July  treated  18  per  cent,  all  sand  over  80-mesh  in  cyanide  plant  and  7  per  cent, 
fine  slime  (all  possible). 

See  also  Appendix,  page  376 


SALVADOR 


BUTTERS  DIVISADERO  CO. 
SALVADOR,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 


1911 


1910 


Production  : 

9  647  82 

10  583  82 

645  061  38 

650  080  68 

$551  463  77 

$384  171  49 

427,740  88 

326  713  32 

Working  profit                                  

123,722  89 

57,458  17 

Tons  ore  mined                               

110,560 

113,457 

110  560 

113  457 

$4  99 

$5  87 

91  86 

Cost  per  ton  : 

Mining 

$1  92 

«2    <?« 

Development  / 

26 

41 

Milling 

58 

65 

1  11 

1    17 

Bullion  exp     selling,  comn.,  etc  

Total  cost  

$3.87 

$4.79 

BUTTERS  SALVADOR  MINES 
SALVADOR,  CENTRAL  AMERICA 


1911 


Production; 
Gold,  ounces  total    \ 

33,690 

32  745 

Silver,  ounces  total  / 

£146  254 

£139  562 

£77  433 

£76  927 

Working  profit                                          

£68  821 

£62  635 

25  941 

27  790 

Tons  ore  treated  
Aver  value  per  ton  treated,  ounces  

25,650 
1  31 

28,150 
1   163 

Recovery,  per  cent,  theoretical  

95 
£5  59 

95.35 
£4  96 

Cost  per  ton  treated  :  —  Mining 

Milling                              

£3  02 

£2  73 

Total  cost  including  all  office  expenses-that  is,  head  office, 
New   York   office,  San  Francisco  office,  and  purchasing 
office-taxes,  depreciation,  etc.,  etc. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  376 
216 


SOUTH  AMERICA 


BRAZIL 


OURO  PRETO  GOLD  MINES  OF  BRAZIL,  LTD. 
Year  Ended  June  30 


June  30,  19  11,  to 
Dec.  31,  1911 

1910-1911 

1909-1910 

Gross  production  

£49,726  12s.  8d. 

£100,787     6s.  3d. 

£110,250     5s.  5d. 

Total  expenses  

£44,650  10      1 

£88,581  14     0 

£94,435     7    10 

Profit 

£5,076     2     7 

£12,205  12     3 

£15,814  17     7 

Tons  ore  milled 

32,435 

69,680 

75,612   ' 

Average  value  per  ton  

7dwt.  16  gr. 

7  dwt.  7  gr. 

7  dwt.  9  gr. 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

92.3 

92.15 

91.87 

Tails  loss,  grains  •  

14.2 

13.7 

14.41 

Concentrates  in  ore,  per  cent  .... 

7.54 

6.61 

6.36 

Tons  sands  cyanided  

23,929 

50,380 

53,570 

Extraction  from  sands,  per  cent. 

73.58 

72.84 

72.15 

Tons  slimes  cyanided  

4,890 

11,767 

13,070 

Extraction  from  slimes,  per  cent. 

84.85 

84.1 

80.18 

Tons  concentrates  cyanided  

2445.5 

4607.8 

4811.0 

Extraction  from  concent  

89.38 

89.38 

89.57 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 

s.         d. 

s.         d. 

s.        d.     , 

Stoping  and  tramming  

12       11 

11        10 

11       11 

Development  

2         6.5 

2         1.25 

1       10 

Pumping  

0         6 

0         6.25 

0         7.75 

Hoisting  

0       11.25 

0       10.25 

0       10.25 

Water  costs  

0         5 

0         3.75 

0         5.5 

Maintenance  and  repairs  

0         8.75 

0         7.5 

0         7.75 

Milling  

3       10.25 

3         8.5 

3         5.25 

Cyaniding  concentrates  

0         8.75 

0         8.0 

0         8 

Cyaniding  sands  

0         6 

0         5.75 

0         5.5 

Cyaniding  slimes  

0         4.75 

0         5.25 

0         4.75 

Hospital 

0         3.75 

0         3.5 

0         3 

Duty  on  gold  

1         0 

1         0 

0       11.75 

Charges  on  gold  

0         3.75 

0         3.75 

0         3.75 

Miscellaneous  expense  

0       10 

0       10 

0         9.25 

Administration  

0         9.75 

0         8.5 

0         8.5 

£1    6         9.5 

£1   4         8.25 

£1  4         3.75 

The  mine  is  operated  through  shafts.  Stoping  is  carried  on  to  the  770- 
meter  level.  Width  of  vein  varies  from  .9  to  2.6  meters. 

The  ore  is  stamped,  amalgamated,  concentrated  and  the  tails  and  concen- 
trates cyanided.  About  1000  men  are  on  the  pay  roll. 

ST.  JOHN  DEL  REY  MINING  CO. 

See  Appendix,  page  396 

219 


BOLIVIA 

CIA.  COROCORO  DE  BOLIVIA 
BOLIVIA,  SOUTH  AMERICA 

U.  S.  Currency 
Short  ton  of  2000  Ib. 

Period,  year  1906,  Average  month's  operations: 

Production : 

Tons  treated * 2,608 

Pounds  copper  recovered 199,190 

Pounds  copper  recovered  per  ton 76.4 

Cost  per  ton : 

Mine: 

Stoping  and  development $1 . 43 

Hoisting  and  tramming .81 

Timbering .43 

Mill: 

Labour .60 

Fuel 80 

Repairs  and  supplies .41 

Administration : 

Salaries,  office  exp.,  hospital  and  assaying .72 


Total $5.20 

Cost  per  pound : 

Recovered 6.8jl 

Freight  to  market,  Liverpool 1.4 

Export  duty .4 

Commission,  insurance  and  interest .6 


Total  cost 9.2jf 

Power  at  Corocoro  between  4  and  5j£  per  horse-power-hour.  Freight 
to  Liverpool  including  lighterage,  $9.70  U.  S.  currency,  per  English  short 
ton. 

Remarks.  Principal  Mines.' — Cia.  Corocoro  de  Bolivia  (owned  in  Chile) ; 
Corocoro  United  Copper  Mines,  Ltd.  (owned  by  London  syndicate). 

Location. — Province  of  Pacajes,  Dpt.  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia,  60  miles  southwest 
from  La  Paz  and  180  miles  inland  from  junction  of  Mauri  and  Deaguadera 
rivers. 

Transportation. — Five  miles  by  wagon  road  to  Arica  La  Paz  Ry.,  narrow- 
gauge. 

220 


BOLIVIA  221 

Geology. — Upturned  beds  of  clay  and  sandstone  conglomerates  running 
north-south.  Barren  and  mineralized  beds  alternate.  The  mineralized 
beds  vary  in  thickness  from  1  ft.  to  40  ft.  Known  length  of  beds,  75  miles. 
Total  width  of  beds,  5000  ft.  Native  copper  was  precipitated  from  solu- 
tions by  organic  matter  in  beds  after  the  beds  had  been  upturned.  Present 
dip  of  beds  90  deg.  to  45  deg. 

Mining  is  done  through  shafts.  Deepest  shaft  1500  ft.  vertical.  No 
timbering  underground,  although  the  main  haulage  levels  are  lined  and 
roofed  with  dry-wall  masonry.  Stopes  are  carried  up  in  100  ft.  lifts, 
masonry  mill  holes  for  the  ore.  Waste  filling  kept  at  convenient  working 
distance  from  back. 

Tonnage  about  500  tons  per  day. 

Annual  production  from  6,000,000  to  7,000,000  Ib.  of  copper.  Product 
is  shipped  in  form  of  native  copper  "barilla,"  containing  65  to  90  per  cent, 
copper.  Market,  England,  France  and  Germany.  A  notable  fact  is  that 
the  copper  "barilla"  is  purchased  by  European  agents  for  the  price  of 
"Lake  Copper"  and  no  smelting  charge  is  made.  This,  on  account  of  the 
purity  of  the  copper  itself.  The  ore  that  is  mined  varies  in  richness  from 
2£  per  cent,  to  50  per  cent.,  averaging  4  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Corocoro  mines  have  been  worked  by  white  men  since  1860.  They 
have  produced  a  total  of  200,000,000  Ib.  of  copper. 

BRITISH  GUIANA 

BARIMA  MINE1 
BRITISH  GUIANA,  S.  A. 

Period,  Aug.  1  to  Dec.  31,  1911 

Gross  production .  $20,946.26 

Total  expense $19,418. 18 

Profit $1,528.08 

Profit  per  ton $0.26 

Tons  crushed 5,757 

Average  value  recovered $3 . 63 

Costs  per  ton : 

Mining $1.214 

Developing 1 . 084 

Milling ' .959 

London  expense .  115 


$3 . 372 

Mill  consists  of  20  stamps. 
i  E.  and  M.  Journal,  Nov.  23,  1912. 


CHILE 


BRADEN  COPPER  COMPANY 
RANCAGUA,  CHILE,  SOUTH  AMERICA 

U.  S.  Currency 

Estimated  production  and  costs  on  the  basis  of  3000  tons  treated  daily. 
The  following  factors  are  taken  as  a  basis  from  which  to  figure: 

Average  assay  copper 2.50%. 

Mill  extraction 75.00%. 

Smelter 93.00%. 

Yield  copper  per  ton  ore  Ibs 34 . 885. 

Average  ratio  of  concentration 10. 7  to  1. 

|     Per  ton  ore      |      Per  Ib.  C. 


Mining              \ 

$.550 

1.577 

Trans,  to  mill  /  
Milling     .  .                                  

.750 

2.150 

Smelt,  at  $6  25  per  ton  concentrates  (10.7  into  1)  

.584 

1.675 

.  174 

.500 

Freight  at  $19  06  per  ton  blister 

.332 

.953 

Commission   etc    @  14  jf  copper.                                        .    .  . 

.048 

.140 

Total  

$2.438 

6.995jf 

Costs  include  N.  Y.  expenses.  Instead  of  putting  an  item  General 
Expense,  such  expenditures  are  included  under  the  several  headings. 

Remarks. — Mine  and  reduction  plants  have  rail  communication  with 
sea-ports.  Despite  fact  that  property  is  located  at  high  elevation,  operating 
conditions  favourable.  Labour  cheap. 

The  ore-bodies  occur  about  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  the  vent  filled  with 
tuff.  Surrounding  rock,  andesite  breccia  and  andesite,  crater  is  about  1 
mile  in  diameter.  Ore-bodies  vary  from  80  to  300  ft.  in  width.  Tunnels 
have  completely  encircled  the  crater.  Topography  very  steep.  Openings 
altogether  by  tunnels.  Main  No.  4  tunnel  cuts  ore-body  nearly  2000 
ft.  below  outcrop.  4000  ft.  of  "backs"  possible  by  tunnel.  Ore  is  dis- 
seminated chalcopyrite — probably  primary  also  Bornite.  Ore-bodies  are 
mined  by  shrinkage  stopes.  60  tons  ore  per  man  per  day  are  obtained. 
Ore  dropped  by  gravity  to  main  haulage  level. 

Property  equipped  with  3000-ton  concentrator.  Management  contem- 
plates doubling  capacity.  Tests  carried  on  with"  Minerals  Separation  Co.'s 
process  indicate  75  per  cent,  extraction  on  ore  2.5  per  cent,  copper.  Con- 
centrator being  equipped  with  this  method.  Property  has  smelter  located 
at  concentrator.  Power-hydro-electric.  Power  plant  is  situated  40  km.  from 
the  concentrating  plant.  Blister  copper  shipped  by  boat  to  European  ports. 

222 


CHILE 


223 


CHILE  COPPER  CO. 
CHUQUICAMATA  MINE,  CALAMA,  CHILE,  SOUTH  AMERICA 

U.  S.  Currency 
The  following  estimates  have  been  made  by  Pope  Yeatman,  Consulting 


Engineer. 

Ore  reserves  Dec.  31,  1912. 

Average  value  copper 

Life  on  5000-ton  plant 


75,000,000  tons 

2 . 70  per  cent. 

41.6  years 

Tons  per  day 
10,000  5,000 

3,600,000  1,800,000 
180,000,000  90,000,000 
$12,600,000  $6,300,000 


Concentrator  capacity 

Tons  treated  per  annum 

Annual  product,  pounds  copper 

Profit  13 1  copper  selling  price  7  to  8£  per  Ib. 

COSTS 

Based  on  an  extraction  of  90  per  cent. 

90  per  cent,  of  1 . 50  per  cent,  ore — 90  per  cent,  of  30  Ib.  =  27.0  Ib.  metallic  copper 
90  per  cent,  of  2.75  per  cent,  ore— 90  per  cent,  of  55  lb.  =  49.5  Ib.  metallic  copper 


1.50  % 
per  ton 
ore 

Ore 
per 
pound 

CU. 

2.75   % 
per  ton 
ore 

Ore 
per 
pound 
cu. 

Mining  

$.400 

1.481)5 

.400 

.808 

Transportation  —  mine  to  mill  

.100 

.370 

.100 

.202 

Crushing  and  delivering  

.200 

.741 

.200 

.404 

Leaching 

.170 

.630 

.200 

.404 

Add  10  per  cent,  to  leaching  for  general  superin- 

.017 

.063 

.020 

.040 

tendence,  taxes,  etc. 

Electrolytic  precipitation  ($34.59  per  ton  of  2000 

.467 

1.729 

.856 

1  .  729 

pounds). 

Add  10  per  cent,  to  electrolytic  precipitation  for 

.047 

.173 

.086 

.173 

general  superintendence,  taxes,  etc. 

Total  operating  cost 

$1.401 

5.187)5 

1.862 

3.760 

Transportation   to   port    (13  £  shillings   per  metric 

.040 

.149 

.074 

.149 

ton  at  24.3  =  $2.974  per  ton  of  2000  Ib. 

Port  charges  (same  as  Braden  is  paying  $1.19  per 

.016 

.059 

.029 

.059 

ton  of  2000  Ib.  metallic  copper). 

Insurance  on  copper  in   transit    (f    of    1  per  cent. 

.028 

.105 

.052 

.105 

of  value,  at  16)5  copper  =  $2.00  per  ton  of  2000  Ib. 

plus  10?5  weigher's  fee  in  Europe  =  $2.  10. 

Freight  to  Hamburg  (45  shillings  per  long  ton,  at 

.132 

.488 

.242 

.488 

24  .  3  =  $9  .  76  per  ton  of  2000  Ib.  metallic  copper). 

Selling  commission  (1  per  cent,  of  sales,  using  16)5 

.043 

.160 

.079 

.160 

Cu). 

$1  .  660 

6.148)5 

2.338 

4.741 

Amortization  at  10  per  cent 

.166 

.614 

.233 

.474 

Total  cost  

$1.826 

6.762,5 

2.571 

5.215 

224  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Remarks. — Property  situated  on  Antofagasta  and  Bolivia  Ry.,  150  miles 
northeast  of  Antofagasta,  the  shipping  port.  Copper  will  be  shipped  by 
boat  to  Europe.  Labour  conditions  fair.  Method  of  mining  steam-shovel- 
ling. Deposit  is  over  6500  ft.  long  by  several  hundred  feet  wide.  Number 
of  holes  drilled  38.  Average  thickness  ore  developed  404  ft.,  most  of  holes 
being  stopped  in  ore.  Three  are  over  1000  ft.  and  still  in  ore,  giving  indica- 
tion of  large  increase  in  tonnage.  An  estimate  of  reserves  April  5,  1913, 
places  reserves  at  95,657,000  tons  averaging  2.41  per  cent.  The  copper  is 
in  the  form  of  Brochantite,  a  sub-sulphate  of  copper,  and  in  the  deepest 
workings  in  form  of  chalcocite,  chalcopyrite  and  bornite.  The  rock  is 
granodiorite. 

The  cost  of  treatment  on  5000-ton  concentrator  is  estimated  at  5  to  6^ 
per  pound.  There  has  been  expended  $2,000,000  and  $8,000,000  additional 
necessary  for  completion  present  equipment.  For  10,000-ton  mill  will  re- 
quire $5,000,000  to  $6,000,000  additional.  A  40,000-kw.  power  station 
will  be  erected  at  the  coast  at  cost  of  $3,000,000  to  $4,000,000. 

Method  of  Treatment  (E.  A.  Cappelen  Smith,  Met.  Eng.).— The  ore, 
crushed  to  pass  j  to  |-in.  mesh,  will  be  leached  in  large  open  tanks  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid.  The  sulphuric  acid  solution  will  be  electrolysed  in  the  same 
manner  as  now  in  our  electrolytic  copper  refineries,  but  with  insoluble  anodes, 
producing  in  this  cathode  copper,  and  regenerating  the  sulphuric  acid.  The 
loss  in  sulphuric  acid  in  the  operation  is  more  than  made  up  from  the  copper 
sulphate  contained  in  the  ore  itself,  so  that  after  once  starting  the  operation 
it  should  be  self-sustaining  so  far  as  the  acid  is  concerned.  Our  results 
show  that  we  will  recover,  as  electrolytic  copper,  90  per  cent,  of  the  copper 
contained  in  the  ore.  (The  above  data  and  remarks  as  of  April,  1913.) 

Subsequent  data  as  of  September,  1914  : — The  developed  ore  reserves 
as  of  September  1,  1914,  amounted  to  280,855,000  tons,  averaging  2.13% 
copper.  The  development  to  date  has  shown  a  length  of  about  7,000  ft., 
an  average  width  of  over  800  ft.  and  a  maximum  width  of  1,555  ft. 
Neither  the  full  width  nor  the  depth  have  yet  been  determined.  Total 
holes  drilled — 57;  average  depth  of  ore  over  500  ft.;  9  holes  are  over 
1,100  ft.  deep  and  still  in  ore,  the  lowest  sections  of  these  holes  being  in 
ore  considerably  above  average  grade.  The  cost  of  producing  copper  per 
pound  is  estimated  at  6jzf.,  delivered  in  Europe,  based  on  2.00%  ore.  The 
plant  now  being  constructed  is  of  10,000  tons  daily  capacity,  or  120,000,000 
pounds  of  copper  per  annum.  It  is  expected  that  operations  will  be  started 
in  the  spring  of  1915. 


PERt 

BACKUS  AND  JOHNSON  CO. 

See  Appendix,  page  397 

CERRO  DE  PASCO  MINING  CO. 

See  Appendix,  page  397 

COLOMBIA 

FRONTING  AND  BOLIVIA  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

LA  SALADA,  COLOMBIA,  SOUTH  AMERICA 

(Reports  are  Semi-Annual) 


June  20,  1911,  to 
Dec.  20,  1911 

Dec.  20,  1910,  to 
June  20,  1911 

Production 

£27,909     17s.       9d. 

£35,049     11s.     lOd. 

Expenses  

£32,428     12          5 

£27,899       5          0 

Profit  or  loss  

£4,518     14          8 

£  7,150       6        10 

Profit  or  loss  per  ton  

5          3 

12          5 

Tons  ore  milled  

17,147 

11,555 

Yield  per  ton  ,  .  .  .7.  

7.35dwt. 

13.6  dwt. 

Revenue  from  mill  per  ton  

£1       8s.       Id. 

£2     12s.       4d. 

Revenue  from  cyanide  per  ton  

034 

054 

Miscellaneous  revenue  per  ton  

012 

030 

Total  

£1     12          7 

£308 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 

s.       d. 

s.      d. 

Development  

7        11 

8          2 

Mining  

15          2 

19          7 

Surface  tramming  

1          1 

0        11 

Crushing  

1          0 

0          9 

Milling  

3          4 

5         4 

Cyaniding 

1          2 

1        10 

Administration 

0        10 

Charges  on  gold  

1          2 

2          5 

Office  expenses  (mine)  

1          2 

1          8 

General  expenses  

2          7 

2          9 

Tributors  and  London  expense  

2          5 

4        10 

£1     17s.     lOd. 

£2       8s.     3d 

Total  development  885 . 2  meters. 

The  mine  is  evidently  a  small  property  in  which  the  development  has  not 
been  carried  far  enough  ahead.  At  the  present  time  the  machinery  and 
equipment  are  not  adequate.  Undoubtedly  lower  costs  and  better  records 
will  be  made  later  on. 

The  tonnage  is  coming  from  several  mines  owned  by  this  company.  The 
reports  do  not  mention  how  the  mine  is  opened  (shaft  or  adit),  nor  do  they 
give  any  underground  or  mill  data. 

15  225 


226  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

PATO  PROPERTY 

COLOMBIA,  SOUTH  AMERICA 
(OrovilleDredging  Co.) 

U.  S.  Currency. 

The  following  are  the  estimated  costs  and  other  data  on  the  newly  ac- 
quired Pato  gold  dredging  property  situated  in  Columbia,  South  America. 

Acres 310 

Proven  yardage  by  prospecting 13,637,347 

Yielding  gross  (deducting  25 ff  for  possible  losses,  etc.)   $3,202,986 

Depth  to  bed-rock 27.27  ft. 

Estimated  operating  cost  per  yard,  approximately 6.0 jf 

Yards  handled  by  dredge  per  month  (9-ft.  bucket  dredge  with  steel  hulls),  150,000  cu.  yd. 

Life  in  gravel 7J  yr. 

Allowing  3.17  per  cent,  off  gross  yield  for  cost  of  marketing  bullion,  an- 
nual operating  profit  would  be $300,000 

The  following  operating  results  obtained  during  the  six  months  ended 
July  31,  1913. 
General : 

Cubic  yards  excavated 449,596 

Average  depth 24 . 4 

Dredging  time 2,740  hr.  20  min. 

Average  daily  time 15  hr.    8  min. 

Gross  and  Net  Returns : 

Gross  bullion  returns $66,513.32 

Total  expense 56,139.61 


Net  revenue $10,373.71 

Net  after  miscellaneous 10,469 . 47 

Deduct  repairs  San  Francisco,  New  York  and  London  expenses 3,631 . 41 


Net  working  profit $6,838. 06  1 

Returns  cost  and  net  per  yard : 

Returns,  cents 14 . 79 

Cost 12.49 


Net  revenue,  cents 2. 30 

Cost  Per  cent. 

Cost  per  yard :                                                                                                 ^ents  of  totaJ 

Labor  and  material 3 . 18  25 . 5 

Clearing  ground 1 . 64  13 . 1 

Electric  power 2.06  16.5 

Repairs 1 . 78  14 . 3 

Bullion  expense .38  3.0 

General  expense ...       3 . 45  27 . 6 


Total  expense,  cents 12.49 

1  After  interest  on  bonds  there  was  a  net  loss  for  the  six  months  of  $36,994. 
See  also  Appendix,  page  376 


AFRICA 


CAPE  COLONY 


ENGLISH  CURRENCY 


TONS  =  2000  LBS. 


ENGLISH  WEIGHTS  AND  MONEY 
Pound  sterling  =  £  =  $4 . 866  U.  S.  Currency 
Shilling  =  s.  =  $0 . 243  U.  S.  Currency 
Pence  =  d.  =  $0.02  U.  S.  Currency 
TROY  WEIGHTS 
24  grains  =  1  pennyweight  (dwt.) 
20  dwt.  =  1  oz. 
12  oz  =1  Ib. 

1  dwt.  gold  =$1.033  U.  S.  Currency.  =  4.25  shillings,  English  Currency, J 
1  gr.  gold  =$0.043  U.  S.  Currency 

Some  of  the  descriptive  data  of  the  African  mines  are   taken  from 
: Mines  of  Africa",  1913,  by  R.  R.  Mabson. 


CAPE  COPPER  COMPANY,  LTD. 

O'OKIEP,  NAMAQUALAND,  CAPE  COLONY,  So.  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  April  30,  1911 


Total  revenue. . 
Total  expenses. 
Profit... 


£191,620     9s.     lid. 

130,758     2          7 

60,862     7          4 


Tons  ore  smelted 

O'okiep 
wks. 

Cu 

Nababeep 
wks. 

Cu 

O'okiep  Mine                          

14,076.5 

12% 

2,978 

12"% 

Nababeep  South  
Narrap  Mine  

10,246 
2,493 
510.5 

5.51% 
4.34 
10% 

44,956 

3,288 

5.51% 
4.34 

655 

6.24% 

Nababeep  North  

4,804 

6.07% 

Total  tons  smelted 

27,981 

84,007 

56,026 

Average  copper  content  of  matte  

47.9%    .. 

49.3% 



Total  costs  per  ton  smelted  (calculated  from  report)  £1  11s.  1.44d. 

The  mines  are  developed  by  adits  and  shafts.  The  ores  are  copper  sul- 
phides occurring  as  irregular  masses  in  granite  and  gneiss. 

The  O'okiep  smelter  has  six  blast  furnaces,  burning  coke. 

The  copper  matte  is  shipped  to  the  Company's  Briton  Ferry  works  in 
Wales,  where  it  is  re-smelted  and  refined.  This  plant  does  a  general  custom 
business  also. 

The  estimated  production  in  1910  was  about  15,000,000  Ib. 

The  Company's  reports  are  not  complete  as  to  production,  costs  and 
general  data. 


:230 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


DE  BEERS  CONSOLIDATED  MINES,  LTD. 

KlMBERLEY,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

De  Beers  and  Kimberley  Mine 
Wesselton  or  Premier  Mine 
Bultfontein  Mine 
Dutoitspan  Mine 


Year  ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


)  ncome  :  —  Diamond  account  and  miscellaneous 

£5,630,968 

.Expenses 

2,608,538 

Depreciation 

678,051 

Working  profit  

£2,344,379 

Total  loads  hoisted  

7,950,442 

8,105,138 

Loads  blue  ground  washed  

6,270,151 

6,855,060 

Loads  of  lump  washed  

284,888 

119,762 

Loads  of  tailings  washed  

1,440,914 

2,359,021 

Total  quantity  washed 

7,995  953 

9,219  192 

Stock  June  30  :  —  Loads  blue  ground 

10,035,190 

8,416,372 

Loads  of  lump 

381,239 

604,654 

Total  

10,416,429 

9,021,026 

Average  yield  (in  hundredths  of  carat  per  load)  : 
From  DeBeers  and  Kimberley  
From  Wesselton  Mine  
From  Bultfontein  Mine  

.31 

.29 
.41 

.28 
.27 
.38 

From  Dutoitspan  Mine  

.23 

.21 

Sales  total  carats  

2,058,397 

Diamonds  produced,  carats  

2,087,392 

DEBEERS  AND  KIMBERLEY  MINES 


1912 


1911 


Loads  blue  ground  hoisted  

323,621 

445,169 

Loads  blue  ground  washed  

378,614 

1,230,491 

Cost  hauling  and  washing  per  load  

13/6.78 

8/7.67 

Carats  of  diamonds  found 

119,013 

350  662 

Selling  value  per  carat  . 

53/11  47 

51/6  29 

Value  per  load  

16/8.716 

14/5.12 

De  Beers  floors: 
Cost  of  washing  per  load  
Kimberley  Mine  :  —  Loads  blue  ground  hoisted  
Cost  of  mining  and  depositing  per  load  

4s.     8.7d. 
295,015 
11s.     4.969d. 

Is.     6.4d. 
7s.     O.Sid. 

Depth  of  main  rock  shaft 

3  601  ft 

Kimberley  floors:  —  Loads  blue  ground  hoisted 

295  015 

Cost  of  washing  per  load 

2s.     2  232d 

Is      9  17d 

Cost  of  mining  and  washing  per  load 

13s.     7  201d 

8s      9  68d 

Loads  tailings  washed  

740,176 

Yield,  carats  

73,467 

KIMBERLEY 


231 


WESSELTON  MINE 


Loads  blue  ground  hoisted  

2,573,398 

2,422,487 

2  020,291 

1,423,117 

4/7  576 

4/9  .  09 

581,973 

390,192 

Selling  value  per  carat  „.  .  . 
Value  per  load                  

45/3.12 
13/1.504 

37/9.6 
10/2.47 

Cost,  mining  and  depositing  per  load  

3s.     0.083d. 

3s.     1.03d. 

1,119 

Wesselton  floors  : 
Cost  of  washing  per  load  

Is.     7.493d. 

Is.     8.06d. 

BULTFONTEIN  MINE 


Loads  blue  ground  hoisted  

2,334,720 

2,457,412 

2  025,450 

1,866,212 

Cost,  hauling  and  washing  per  load 

3/11  357 

3/11.45 

Carats  diamonds  found 

834,760 

700  398 

Selling  value  per  carat 

40/8  242 

35/0  52 

Value  per  load                              

16/8  179 

13/3.79 

Depth  No.  2  shaft,  feet  

1,084 

Bultfontein  floors: 
Cost  of  washing  per  load  

Is.     5.272d. 

Is.     5.28d. 

Cost  of  mining  and  washing  

3s.  11.357d. 

3s.   11.45d. 

DUTOITSPAN  MINE 


Loads  blue  ground  hoisted  

2,718,703 

2,780,070 

Loads  blue  ground  washed  

1,845,796 

2,335,240 

Cost  hauling  and  washing  per  load  

3/10.665 

4/7.09 

Carats  diamonds  found 

428  213 

482  971 

Selling  value  per  carat 

83/0  1321 

73/6  5 

Value  per  load  . 

19/1   11 

15/5  325 

Cost  of  mining  and  depositing  per  load 

2s    4  037d 

2s      4  02d 

Depth  main  shaft,  feet  

1,000 

Dutoitspan  floors: 
Cost  of  washing  per  load  

Is.     6  628d. 

2s.     3  07d. 

Cost  mining  and  washing  

3s.   10.665d. 

4s.     7.09d. 

Loads  tailings  washed 

535  382 

Yield,  carats  

32,117 

1  Based  on  blue  and  mixed  crusher  diamonds  sold. 

TAILINGS  AND  DEBRIS 


No.  loads  tailings  washed 

1  440  914 

2  359  021 

No.  carats  diamonds  found  

123,431 

256,631 

See  also  Appendix,  page  376  . 


RHODESIA 

THE  ELDORADO  BLANKET  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Sept.  30,  1912 

Production  valued  at £222,917 

Yield,  ounces  gold 52,563 

Tons  milled  and  cyanided 87,154 

Cost  per  ton £1  2s.   lid. 

Estimated  profit  per  ton £1  8s.     3d. 

Ore  reserves,  tons 123,000 

Contents  estimated £390,502 

Depth  shaft  (still  sinking),  feet 911 

Development  work,  feet 2,877 

Cost  per  foot £4  8s.     5d. 

.   THE  FALCON  MINES,  LTD. 
RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Aug.  31.  1912 

This  property  is  now  being  developed.  The  main  vertical  shaft  is  down 
165  ft.  It  is  laid  out  to  cut  the  reef  at  a  point  1000  ft.  below  the  outcrop  on 
the  incline.  The  incline  shaft  is  now  down  to  the  sixth  level.  The  pay- 
shoots  which  have  been  developed  on  four  levels  average  from  approxi- 
mately 900  ft.  in  length  on  the  third  and  fourth  to  350  ft.  on  the  sixth,  with 
widths  varying  between  17  and  50  ft.;  copper,  from  2.45  to  3.22  per  cent.; 
gold  from  3 . 68  to  6 . 35  dwt.  with  sterling  from  39  to  57s.  These  values  are 
calculated  on  the  basis  of  10s.  per  unit  for  copper  per  short  ton  (equal  to 
£56  per  long  ton). 

Management  has  in  process  of  construction  15,000-ton  monthly  reduction 
plant.  This  will  include  crushing  and  concentrating,  sintering,  blast  fur- 
nace and  converters.  Lime  and  iron  fluxes  are  within  easy  reach. 

Ore  reserves  average  48s.  3d.  per  ton  based  on  10s.  for  copper  and  4s. 
per  dwt.  of  gold.  Tons,  776,880. 

Working  costs  including  losses  estimated  at 34s. 

Gross  value...  .    48s.     3d. 


Net  profit  at  £56  copper 14s.     3d. 

Treatment  will  be  expensive  in   gold   and    copper  proposition   of  this 
character,  but  it  presents  no  difficulties. 

Development  for  year. 5483  ft.,  costing  £23,044. 

232 


RHODESIA 


233 


THE  GAIKA  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Aug.  31,  1912 


Production,  gold,  ounces 

Valued  at 

Working  costs 


Mine  profit 


14,609 
£61,996 
£43,589 

£18,406 


Grade  ore  reserves 15. 5  dwt. 

Depth  shaft Ninth  level 

Development,  feet 5,369 

Cost  of  development £11,116 

THE  PLANET  ARCTURUS  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30 

This  property  is  in  the  development  stage.  Below  we  give  a  few  notes 
on  cost  of  development  and  grade  of  ore.  The  company  operates  the  Slate, 
Arcturus  and  Planet  Mines. 

YEAR  ENDED  SEPTEMBER  30,  1911 


Depth 
shaft,  ft. 

Average  value 
ore,  dwt. 

Contents 
gold,  oz. 

Value 

Slate.  . 

645 

17  0 

66,704 

£280,156 

Planet  . 

290 

15  6 

7,440 

31,245 

Arcturus  

473 

14.0 

45,709 

191,973 

YEAR  ENDED  SEPTEMBER  30 


1912 


1911 


Slate  : 
Total  development 

8,344 

4,912 

Cost  per  foot,  1912 

£490 

Arcturus  : 
Total  development  
Cost  per  foot,  1912  

5,919 
£4     15     8 

3,169 

Planet  : 
Total  development 

4,684 

3,918 

Cost  per  foot,  1912  

£6     18     7 

Judging  from  data  wherever  given  the  vein  widths  are  as  follows :  Slate,  5 
to  6  ft.;  Arcturus,  5  to  6  ft.  and  Planet,  27  in. 

Reduction  plant  will  not  be  built  until  negotiations  for  a  railway  are 
completed. 


234  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

THE  SHAMRA  MINES,  LIMITED 
RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30,  1912 

Total  development  includes  978  ft.  main  adit 26,165 

Total  development  cost  per  foot £2       17s.    Id. 

Ore  reserves,  tons 2,203,912 

Valued  at £2,323,513 

Stoping  since  February,  production  tons 103,871 

Estimated  cost  per  ton Is.  l£d. 

Development,  total,  feet 4,288 

Cost £3  14s.  6.78d. 

Main  adit  cost  per  foot £7     4      1 . 84 

The  property  is  now  being  equipped  with  a  reduction  plant. 


THE  SELUKWE  COLUMBIA  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30,  1912 

Total  recovery £62,141 

Costs  (including  development) £56,676 

Profit f £5,464 

Tons  treated  mill 30,372 

Recovery  per  ton £2       Os.  9.6d. 

Cost  per  ton £1     17     2.4 


Profit  per  ton 3s.  7. 2d. 

Main  shaft  sunk,  feet 122 

Cost  of £1,523 

Development 4,012  ft. 

Cost $12,733 

Ore  reserves  average  grade 11.7  dwt. 

Property  developed  to  depth  of  103  ft.     Ore-bodies  where  mentioned  in 

report  spoken  of  as  averaging  9.5  dwt.  over  30  in.  and  21|  dwt.  over  24  in. 


RHODESIA 


235 


BUCKS  REEF  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

SOUTHERN  RHODESIA,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


5  699 

Gross  production 

£23,766 

£30,687 

£61,038 

Total  expenses.  ... 

23,329 

26,090 

27,923 

Working  profit  

£437 

£4,597 

£33,115 

Mill: 
Tons  milled     

9,726 

9,933 

8,026 

No.  stamps  

5 
13  16 

5 

5 

4  754 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

9  78 

12  6 

31  27 

Extraction,  per  cent 

74  31 

Cyanide  : 
Yield  oz.  by  cyanide  

9.44 

Yield  dwt.  per  ton  
Per  cent   of  extraction 

2.9 

14  74 

2.23 

5.14 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Development  
Mining  

89.05 

£       s.         d. 
0     10         4 
0     19         5 

91.85 

£       s.       d. 
0     13         9 
0     17          1 

94.97 

£       s.       d. 
0     12        11 
0     16        10 

Milling  
Cyaniding  

082 
0       3        10 

085 
042 

0     13          8 
064 

Royalty 

01          3 

01          7 

08          0 

Mine  charge.  . 

022 

02          8 

02          9 

Gen'l  charges  

029 

0       4        10 

09          0 

Total  

2       7        11 

2     12          6 

39          6 

Yield  per  ton 

£2       8s.     lOd. 

£3       Is        9d 

£7     12s        Id 

Costs...    . 

2       7        11 

2     12          6 

39          6 

Working  profit  
Development,  feet  

£0       Os.     lid. 
1850 

£0       9s.       3d. 

£4       2s.       7d. 

Remarks. — The  reef  stands  at  an  angle  of  80  deg.  Stoping  width  30  to  36 
in.  A  shaft  500  ft.  deep  is  sunk  on  the  vein  with  seven  levels  driven.  Min- 
ing costs  high.  Ore  shoots  short. 

The  mill  is  five-stamp,  heavy  pattern  (2000-lb.  stamps).  Power  devel- 
oped by  gas  engines. 

In  December,  1912,  all  company  operations  stopped  owing  to  an  operating 
loss  each  month  of  the  year. 


TRANSVAAL 


WITWATERSRAND  GOLD  MINES 
Year  Ended  July  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Revenue  from  gold  .       .  .        

£33,324,400 

£30,516,700 

£21,908  540 

£19,300,600 

Working  profit  

£12,200,000 

£11,415,860 
£7,763,085 

£11,216,110 
£8,876,086 

8,431,379 

7,567,412 

Tons  milled 

25,219,725 

23,888,250 

21,432,540 

Costs  : 
Total  working  per  ton  
Value  gold  recovered  per  ton  
Net  profit  per  ton  

18s.       5d. 
28s.       Id. 
9s.      8d. 

18.33s. 
27.91s. 
9  .  58s. 

18s. 
28.5s. 
10  .  50s. 

Dividends  per  ton  

6.50s. 

8.25s. 

1913  Operations :— Profit,  £12,750,000.    Ounces,  8,698,681.   Tons,  26,333- 
530.     Costs,  18s  Id.     Value,  gold,  27s.  9d.     Profit,  9s.  8d. 

TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MINING  INDUSTRY 
SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended 


Year  Ended 


(July  31,  1912jJuly  31,  1911J  Aug.  31,  1910 


Production  

8,857,398 

7,919,179 

7,361,372 

Valued  at  

£37,623,834 

£33,638,533 

£31,269,120 

Estimated  profits  

£12,523,000 

£11,715,000 

£11,610,053 

Tons  crushed  including  dry  crushing  and  tons  } 
treated  by  direct  cyaniding.                               / 

26,157,972 

23,628,980 

21,837,783 

AVERAGE  NUMBER  ON  TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MINES  FOR  THE  MONTH  OF  JULY 


1912 


1911 


Stamps  dropping 

10  118 

10,271 

Tube  mills  running  
Tons  of  ore  crushed  per  stamp  per  day  
Europeans  employed  
Natives  employed  

270 
8.058 
24,924 
203,161 

231 

7.668 
25,780 
201,485 

1913  Operations :— Production  9,114,219  ozs.,  valued  at   £38,714,742. 
Profit,  £13,165,000.     Tons  crushed,  27,260,951. 

1914  Operations :— Production    8,332,171  ozs.,    valued   at    £35,392,814. 
Profit,  £12,100,000.     Tons  crushed,  25,767,998. 

236 


TRANSVAAL  237 

General  Conditions  existing  on  the  Rand. — The  efficiency  of  coloured 
labour  on  the  Witwatersrand  mines  has  been  held  to  have  been  much 
improved  as  the  result  of  the  experiment  with  Chinese  coolie  labourers, 
who  were,  however,  repatriated  in  the  years  1908  and  1909.  The  higher 
standard  of  labour  set  by  thoroughly  efficient  Chinese  then  replaced  caused 
better  results  generally,  through  the  example  they  set  to  the  natives  of  South 
Africa  by  their  intelligence  and  regular  and  continuous  work. 

The  stable  condition  of  mining  on  the  Rand  is  due  not  only  to  its  natural 
advantages  and  even  average  distribution  of  gold  mines,  but  has  also  been 
brought  about  largely  by  the  gradual  and  substantial  reduction  in  working 
costs  which  has  taken  place  in  recent  years,  as  illustrated  for  instance  in 
the  producing  mines  of  the  Gold  Fields  group,  which  in  AprU,  1904,  just 
before  the  introduction  of  Chinese,  were  the  Simmer  &  Jack,  Robinson  Deep 
and  Knights  Deep  Go's.,  having  an  average  working  cost  during  that  month 
of  25s.  8.76d.,  the  average  working  costs  for  the  same  Go's  during  the  past 
year  being  13s  .81d.  Mining  costs  on  the  Witwatersrand  mines  compare 
very  favourably  with  the  cheapest  costs  attained  in  any  part  of  the  world 
in  respect  of  this  particular  class  of  mining,  largely,  of  course,  due  to  the 
availability  of  cheap  coloured  labor.  Profitable  operations  are  proceeding 
at  much  greater  depth  than  usual  elsewhere,  and  schemes  for  the  carrying 
on  of  mining  at  7,000  ft.  or  more  are  under  consideration.  It  naturally 
commands  capital  and  courage  to  sink  deep  shafts  through  broad  areas  of 
comparatively  unproductive  territory  with  only  a  possibility  that  at  depth 
deposits  of  sufficient  value  and  magnitude  will  be  found  to  reward  the  enter- 
prise and  initiative  of  operators.  Herein  lies  the  whole  difference  between 
the  mines  of  the  Witwatersrand  and  mines  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  On 
the  Main  Reef  series  there  is  the  absolute  assurance  of  encountering  reef 
matter  at  a  depth  which  can  be  estimated  with  a  very  fair  degree  of  accuracy. 
Moreover,  in  fully  nineteen  cases  out  of  twenty  the  ore  has  been  found  to  be 
of  profitable  value.  In  other  mining  fields  sinking  deep  shafts  to  intersect 
ore-bodies  at  considerable  depth  is,  of  course,  a  much  more  speculative 
operation. 


238 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


MINES  UNDER  CENTRAL  ADMINISTRATION 
MESSRS.  H.  ECKSTEIN  &  CO. 

JOHANNESBURG,  TRANSVAAL 

Bantjes  Consolidated  Mines,  Limited;  City  Deep,  Limited;  City  &  Sub- 
urban Gold  Mining  &  Estate  Co.,  Limited;  Crown  Mines,  Limited;  Durban 
Roodepoort  Deep,  Limited;  Ferreira  Deep,  Limited;  Ferreira  Gold  Mining 
Company,  Limited;  Geldenhuis  Deep,  Limited;  Modderfontein  B.  Gold 
Mines,  Limited;  New  Heriot  Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited;  New  Modder- 
fontein Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited ;  Nourse  Mines,  Limited ;  Robinson 
Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited;  Rose  Deep,  Limited;  Village  Deep,  Lim- 
ited; Village  Main  Reef  Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited. 


1911 


1910 


£13,277,359 

£11,665,733 

£7,937,453 

£6,714,742 

£5,289,906 

£4,950,991 

Dividends  declared                                       

£4,047,123 

£4,249,982 

Total  crushing  capacity                             

8,500,000 

8,500,000 

Tons  milled                  .                          

8,057,414 

7,201,371 

Costs:    Total  working  per  ton  
Valued  gold  recovered  per  ton  

19.66s. 
32  .  83s. 

18.66s. 
32.41s. 

13  16s. 

13.75s. 

Dividends  per  ton  

10.04s. 

11.83s. 

1913  Operations:— Revenue,  £14,564,700.  Tons, 8,706,508.  Costs,  20.15s. 
Gold,  33.46s.  Profit,  13.31s. 

MINES  UNDER  CENTRAL   MINING  CONTROL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Bantjes  Consolidated  Mines,  Limited;  City  Deep,  Limited;  Crown  Mines, 
Limited;  Durban  Roodepoort  Deep,  Limited;  Ferreira  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, Limited;  Geldenhuis  Deep,  Limited;  Modderfontein  B.  Gold  Mines, 
Limted;  Robinson  Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited;  Rose  Deep,  Limited; 
Village  Deep,  Limited;  Village  Main  Reef  Gold  Mining  Company,  Limited 

The  above  eleven  mines  in  1911  had  ore  reserves  of  25,729,798  tons  aver- 
aging 30.81  per  ton.  Taking  the  average  rate  of  sorting  for  1911,  viz., 
14.5  per  cent.,  these  reserves  represented  21,998,977  milling  tons  of  ore 
estimated  to  contain  35.34s.  per  ton. 

The  figures  given  for  1912  cover  the  entire  group  of  fifteen  mines.  The 
reserves  at  the  close  of  1912  amounted  to  35,802,255  averaging  30.8s.  per 
ton.  Taking  the  average  rate  of  sorting  for  the  year,  viz.,  14.08  per  cent., 
these  reserves  represent  30,761,298  tons  of  a  calculated  gold  contents  of  35.2s. 

Below  we  give  the  results  of  1912  and  1911: 


1912  (15  mines) 

1911  (11  mines) 

33  6s. 

32  5s. 

20  6s. 

19.8s. 

1.3s. 

1.3s. 

Average  profit  

11.7s. 

11.4s. 

TRANSVAAL 


239 


CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  FIELDS  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 

SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  July  31 


Production 


1912  1911 


1910 


946,520 

936,780 

911,419 

3,975,167 

3,931,748 

3,827,884 

Value  at  £4  24773  per  ounce 

4,020,562 

3,979,189 

3,871,464 

Mining  profits1  

1,304,143 

1,388,696 

1,427,957 

Total  profits  including  sundry  revenue,  accum.  slimes, 
etc. 
Tons  crushed  

1,384,566 
3,616,143 

1,477,720 
3,269,160 

1,511,132 
3,252,375 

Excluding  expenditures  on  machinery,  renewals  and   replacements. 


For  the  month  of  July 

1912 

1911 

1200 

1160 

No   tube  mills                                                                         

38 

33 

Tons  crushed  per  stamp  per  day  

9.083 

8.842 

1913  Operations: -Ounces  936,822.    Profit,  £1,170,019.     Tons  crushed, 

3,978,882. 

MEN  EMPLOYED  AND  TONNAGE  CRUSHED 


Mine 


1910-11 


1911-12 


1910-11 


1911-12 


3,282 

3,260 

814,800 

864,000 

Robinson  Deep 

3,333 

3,163 

556,050 

600,800 

Knights  Deep 

•3,106 

2,981 

695,670 

727,700 

Simmer  East 

2,235 

1,942 

364,870 

379,700 

Simmer  Deep  
Jupiter  
Sub.  Nigel  

3,116 
2,320 
514 

3,109 
2,016 
505 

505,833 
281,376 
50,561 

569,750 
422,050 
52,330 

17,906 


16,876 


3,269,160     I     3,616,330 


That  is  to  say,  the  tonnage  crushed  was  increased  by  no  less  than  347,170 
tons,  despite  the  fact  that  there  was  an  average  decrease  in  the  number  of 
natives  employed  of  930.  Below  we  give  results  per  man: — 

Tons  crushed  per  month  per  surface  boy  at  work  on  the  usual  operations. 

Tons  mined  per  month  per  underground  boy  on  the  usual  operations, 
excluding  development  and  shaft  sinking. 

Development  footage  per  month  per  boy  on  development  work. 


July,  1911 

July,  1912 

Increase 

80.89 
28.39 
9.73 

90.56 
29.75 
10.34 

11.95  per  cent. 
4  .  79  per  cent. 
6  .  27  per  cent. 

240 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


OPERATING  RESULTS  TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MINES,  1913-1914 


Year  ended  Dec.  31,  1913 
unless  otherwise 
specified 

Tons 
mined 
or  milled 

Per  ion  milled* 

Total 
profit, 

Ore 
reserves, 
tons 

Grade 

Yield 
per  ton 

Working 
cost 

Bantjes  Consolidated.  .  .  . 
Brakpan  Mines  
Cinderella  Consolidated.  . 
City  Deep  
City  and  Suburban  
Consolidated  Main  Reef7. 
Consolidated  Langlaagte  . 
Crown  Mines  

300,440 
613,269 
97,440 
468,800 
306,663 
241,007 
523,100 
2,195,600 
291,590 
1,769,000 
647,550 
623,300 
176,182 

s.     d. 
25  11 
28  3 
26  8.175 
37  9 
39.4s. 
31   5.96 
26   11 
29  7 
28   10 
30  9 
41  6 
29   1 
27  7 

s.     d. 
22  8 
18  9 
27  5.086 
25  7 
21.9 
21  9.84 
17  7 
16  5 
24  5 
19   10 
20  1 
24  4 
19  8 

48,387 
290,790 
L  3,617 
296,552 
268,481 
116,609 
244,293 
1,442,473 
64,235 
965,277 
699,214 
149,828 
69,854 

871,900 
2,242,000 
613,000 
2,167,650 
687,200 
693,460 
2,194,408 
10,449,000 
1,312,700 
5,600,000 
1,974,400 
1,669,500 
312,540 

'539,166 
2,480,000 
1,512,359 
526,440 
2,800,400 
581,124 
1,345,216 
4,547,000 
51,737 
387,500 
2,473,700 
401,045 
6,818,929 
'      538,500 
1,527,000 
3,828,400 
2,320,000 

1,281,000 
160,000 

389,233 
38,270 
54,651 
2,064,529 
1,953,845 
2,662,600 
1,166,000 
1,364,956 
1,225,688 
1,666,000 
784,100 

25  .  6s. 
6.7    dwt. 
6  .  35  dwt 
10.0    dwt. 
34  .  7s. 
7.  34  dwt. 
7.4    dwt. 
6.82  dwt. 
6.7    dwt. 
6.7    dwt. 
8.7    dwt. 
6.4    dwt. 
6.0    dwt. 

'eio'dwt.' 

4.2    dwt. 

DurbanRoodepoortDeep. 
East  Rand  Proprietary... 
Ferreira  Deep1  
Geldenhuis  Deep  
Ginsberg  Gold  
Jupiter  Gold8 

Knight  Central  
Knight's  Deep9  
Langlaagte  Estate  
Main  Reef  West7  
Modderfontein  B  

278,010 
1,113,300 
620,622 
212,972 
404,580 
133,128 
540,300 
565,400 
185,830 
147,390 
539,500 
295,800 
2,533,043 
668,900 
580,370 
768,070 
769,600 

644,300 
57,990 

139,976 
8,053 
17,860 
456,190 
183,000 
535,300 
435,980 
321,050 
448,680 
518,230 
340,950 

22   7 
14  6.857 
21  9 
28  5.58 
38  9 
34.7s 
27  6 
39  7 
21   5 
25  4 
28  4 
27  10 
24  6 
35  9 
27  8.491 
26  3 
20  8.917 

16  0.680 
37  11.313 

58   1 
93  0 
32  0 
27  11.538 
31   4 
29   10 
36.1s. 
28  5 
25  7 
28  11 
26  5 

20  3 
11   10.589 
17  1 
23  1.75 
16  4 
22  .  8s. 
18  11 
19   11 
19   11 
17  8 
21  3 
13  7 
17  3 
14  1 
16  6.616 
16  7 
12  4.335 

15  0.946 
30  9.080 

22  0 
28  7 
19  7 
15   11.956 
19  11 
20  7 
18.6s. 
22  9 
14  8 
17  3 
18  3 

32,231 
157,472 
144,883 
56,641 
453,531 
79,124 
231,524 
534,274 
14,225 
56,863 
192,226 
210,028 
921,134 
724,792 
331,175 
369,664 
322,678 

42,151 
24,806 

253,745 
25,930 
11,093 
272,919 
104,130 
247,109 
380,548 
91,218 
245,652 
303,227 
139,398 

5.7    dwt. 
8.3    dwt. 
34.0s. 
7.53  dwt. 
8.1    dwt. 
7.  55  dwt. 
5  .  9    dwt. 
6.4    dwt. 
6.2    dwt. 
6.5    dwt. 
44s.   Id. 
5.9    dwt. 
5.8    dwt. 
5.4    dwt. 

4.  35  dwt. 
7.2    dwt. 

14.4    dwt. 
16.0    dwt. 
11.4    dwt. 
6.5    dwt. 
8.6    dwt. 
6.6    dwt. 
32s.  9d. 
6.  16  dwt. 
6.4    dwt. 
6.8    dwt. 
6.1     dwt. 

New  Heriot  
New  Kleinfontein  
New  Modderfontein2.  .  .  . 
New  Rietfontein  Estate.. 
New  Unified  Main  Reef.  . 
Nourse  Mines9 

New  Primrose  
Randfontein  Central  
Robinson  Gold  
Robinson  Deep9  
Rose  Deep  
Simmer    and    Jack    Pro- 
prietary9. 
Simmer  Deep9 

Sub-Nigel9  

Transvaal   Gold   Mining 
Estates.s 
Central  Mine  
Elandsdrift  Mine  
Vaalhoek  Mine  
Van  Ryn. 

Van  Ryn  Deep  
Village  Deep  
Village  Main  Reef  
West  Rand  Consolidated. 
Witwatersrand  Gold  
Wit  waters  and  Deep  
Wolhuter6. 

L  Loss,  i  Year  ended  Sept.  30,  1913.  2  Year  ended  June  30,  1913.  *  Year  ended  July 
31,  1913.  *  Eleven  months  ended  June  30,  1913.  5  Year  ended  Mar.  31,  1914.  'Year 
ended  Oct.  31,  1913.  7  Year  ended  June  30,  1914.  8  Year  ended  July  31,  1913  9  Year 
ended  July  31,  1914.  *  Yield. 


TRANSVAAL  241 

TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MINING  ESTATES,  LIMITED 

SOUTH  AFRICA 

Period  Sept.  1,  1905,  to  March  31,  1912 

Production,  ounces,  gold 752,985.953 

Total  value £3,163,180     16s.       5d. 

Total  expenditures. , £2,053,909       2          7 


Working  profit £1,109,271     13        10 

General  re  venue...  72,026       9          7 


Net £1,181,298       3          5 

Tons  treated,  milled 1,273,487 

Yield  per  ton,  milled 11 . 825  dwt. 

Cost  per  ton  (milled) £1     12s.     3 . 077d. 

Average  value  per  ton,  ore £2       9s.     8. 129d. 


Profit  per  ton  ore 17s.     5.052d. 

The  properties  consist  of  32  farms  mainly  along  the  gold-bearing  forma- 
tion. The  main  mining  operations  have  been  conducted  near  Pilgrim 
Rest. 

The  crushing  plant  consists  of  a  central  battery  of  60  stamps  and  three 
tube  mills,  while  10  stamps  operate  on  the  farm  "  Vaalhoek,"  and  five  heavy 
stamps  at  "Elandsdrift." 


242 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


BANTJES  CONSOLIDATED  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces  .  . 

101  076 

89  035 

29  424 

Gross  revenue 

£423  021 

£372  956 

£123  462 

Expenses.  .  .  . 

345  275 

319  020 

110  932 

Profit  

£  77,746 

£  53  936 

£  12  530 

Ore  rec'd  from  mine  
Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out  
Mill: 
Tons  crushed 

327,710 
12.6 

286  453 

278,540 
16.5 

273  212 

104,148 
16 

97  205 

Stamp  duty 

11  0 

14 

11  4 

No.  stamps  operating 

80 

60 

60 

No.  tube-mills  operating  
Value  ore  treated                            .  . 

3 
30s      8d 

3 
7  25  dwt 

2.1 
7  2  dwt 

Yield,  ounces. 

60  721 

51  734 

18  792 

Yield  per  ton. 

17s      9d 

3  79  dwt 

3  87  dwt 

Value  pulp  

12s    lid 

3  46  dwt 

3  34  dwt 

Extraction,  per  cent  

58 

52.2 

53.7 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

287,270 

271,917 

93,480 

Assay  value  
Yield,  ounces  
Yield  per  ton  
Actual  extraction,  per  cent  
Value  residues  
Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton: 
Mining  

12s.   lid. 
40,355 
11s.     9d. 
91.4 
Is.     Id. 
96.5 

s.       d. 
13       0 

3.  57  dwt. 
37,301 
2.74  dwt. 
76.9 
.  350  dwt. 
89.9 

s.       d. 
12       0 

3.31  dwt. 
10,632 
2.27  dwt. 
68.6 
.347  dwt. 
84.1 

s.       d. 
18       1 

Development  redempt 

4       6 

4       8 

4       2 

Sorting  and  crushing 

0       7 

\ 

Trans,  to  mill  
Amalgamation  
Stamp  milling  
Tube  milling  
Cyaniding  
General  expense  

0       1 
0       5 
0     11 
0       7 
1     11 
2       1 

>0     11 

jl       0 

0      10 
2       2 
1        9 

0       7 

Total 

£141 

£134 

£1       2     10 

Revenue  per  ton 

£196 

27       4 

25       5 

Cost  per  ton. 

141 

23       4 

22      10 

Profit  per  ton  
Development,  feet  ,  
Grade  ore  reserves  

£055 
16,339 
7  dwt.  =  29s.  3d. 

4       0 
14,410 

2       7 
26,028 

See  also  Appendix,  page  377. 


TRANSVAAL 


243 


BRAKPAN  MINES,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gold,  ounces  
Gross  revenue  
Expenses  

236,605 
£996,458 
552,341 

79,153 
£332,237 
221,260 

£444,117 

£110,977 

Net  profit  

442,735 

Ore  received  from  mine 

738,108 

249,041 

Per  cent   waste  sorted  out         

15.242 

14.57 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed  
Stamp  duty  

637,523 
13.74 

241,204 
12.02 

No.  stamps  operating  

135 

100 

No.  tube  mills  operating 

6  521 

4  5 

Value  ore  treated,  dwt. 

7  792 

6  916 

Yield   ounces 

137,549 

39,661 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  .    . 

4  315 

3  289 

Value  pulp  ... 

3  477 

3  627 

Extraction,  per  cent  
Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

55.376 
635,257 

47.556 
230,173 

Assay  value,  dwt  

3.464 

3.586 

Yield   ounces 

99  056 

39  492 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

3  1186 

3  431 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent 

90  03 

95  678 

Value  residues,  dwt.   .  . 

3645 

420 

Total  extraction,  per  cent.        ... 

95  263 

94  896 

Cost  per  ton  miled  : 
Mining  

s.          d. 
11       1  703 

s.          d. 
10     11  019 

Development  redemption  

1       6  000 

1       6  000 

Sorting  and  crushing  

0       4.578 

0       5  364 

Stamp  milling 

0     10  357 

1       0  637 

Tube  milling 

0       8  480 

0       7  685 

Cyaniding 

0     15  178 

0     10  798 

Recovery  charge.           .    . 

0       4  656 

0       7  740 

General  expense,  mine  

0       9  265 

0     10  393 

Head  office  

0       3  715 

0       4  521 

Total 

17       3  932 

18       4  157 

Revenue  per  ton 

31       3  123 

£l     76  579 

Cost  per  ton   . 

17       3  932 

0  18  4  157 

Profit  per  ton  

13     11   191 

9  2  422 

Development,  feet  ;  

17,348 

10  675 

Grade  ore  reserves  

6.74  dwt.  61  in. 

6.73  dwt.  58  in. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  377 


244  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MINING  ESTATES,  LIMITED 
CENTRAL  MINE,  LYDENBURG,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  March  31 


Production 

1912 

Production  mills  ounces  gold  

40,351 

Production  cyanide  plant  ounces  gold  

36,239 

Total  ounces  

76,580 

Value  of  yield  

£320,053       5s.       3d. 

Rebates  on  freight  

989       7          4 

Total  revenues 

£321  042     12s        7d 

Total  expenses. 

142  773       1          9 

Working  profit  

£178,269     10s.     lOd. 

Mills  : 
Tons  mined  

121,458 

Tons  crushed  
Value  total  recovery  
Value  per  ton  milled 

121,450 
£168,396       9s.       5d. 
27s      8  77d 

Average  number  stamps  

60 

Duty  per  stamp  (tons) 

6,039 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  
Value  total  recovery 

118,950 
£151  185       4s        5d 

Value  per  ton  milled 

24s      10  75d 

Assay  value,  charges,  dwt 

6  994 

Assay  value,  residues,  dwt 

969 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent. 

87.10 

Ounces  gold  recovered  in  accumulating  slimes  . 

113.6 

Profit  in  accumulating  slimes  ....            .... 

£  348     14s.       Id. 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Alining  

9s        4  07d 

Development.  .  .  . 

4          7   17 

Transportation  

1          3  84 

Prospecting  

0         9.92 

Milling  
Cyaniding 

2          1.85 
3          4  29 

General 

1        11  00 

Total  . 

23s.       6  14d 

Net  results  per  ton  : 
Total  revenues  

52s.     10.42d 

Total  cost  

23          6.14 

Grade  ore  reserves,  dwt  

29s.       4.28d. 
14.22 

TRANSVAAL 


245 


CINDERELLA  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  : 

69,514 

£294,313 

£264,606 

Working  expenses  

261,338 

229,672 

£32,875 

£34,934 

Profit  after  sundry  income  

£47,932 

£49,731 

Mine: 

13 

13* 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed 

211,518 

192,341 

Grade  ore  treated,  dwt     

7.086 

6.933 

No.  stamps  working  
Stamp  duty  .             

75 
8.663 

70 

Total  ounces  gold  

40,248 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  

3.806 

57  9 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  sand  treated 

138,118 

126,253 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces       

Tons  slime  treated       

73,722 

65,768 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces  
Yield,  dwt  
Yield  per  ton  milled  

29,266 
2.767 
27s.       9  .  83d. 

27s.       6d. 

Cost  per  ton: 

15s.       1  652d. 

13s      10  4d 

Development  redeemed 

2          0.000 

2             .1 

Sorting,  crushing  and  transportation  
Milling  

0          4.903 
1        10.825 

0          6 
1        11.6 

Cyaniding  sands  and  slimes  
General  expenses,  head  office  

1        10.311 
0          9.108 

1        11.6 
1          5.28 

Revenue  per  ton 

24s.       8.528d. 
27         9  83 

23s.       9.58d. 
27          6 

Cost  per  ton.  . 

24          8  .  528 

23          9.58 

Working  profit  pert  on  
Development,  feet  

3s.       1  .  302d. 
15,509 

3s.       8.24d. 

Average  grade  ore  reserves  

6.  70  dwt. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  377 


246 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CITY  DEEP,  LIMITED 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  ounces,  gold  
Total  revenue  
Total  working  costs 

203,019 
£852,039 
569,621 

128,113 
£537,548 
406  634 

Total  working  profit.  . 

£282,418 

£130  914 

Net  profit  
Mills: 
Tons  mined  
Ore  from  surface  

£289,543 

487,565 
81,228 

£90,936 
285,960 

Sorted  as  waste  

88,863 

45,763 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 

15  6 

11  6 

Tons  crushed  
Value  ore  before  crushing  
Yield  fine  ounces  
Yield  per  ton  
Assay  value  pulp  
Theoretical  extraction,  per  cent  
Actual  extraction,  per  cent  

479,630 
35s.     9d. 
132,763 
£1      3s.     3d. 
12s.     6d. 
65.1 
65.1 

349,713 
7.63  dwt. 
90,820 
5.19  dwt. 
2.44 
68 
68 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  
Assay  value  
Total  yield,  ounces  
Yield  per  ton  
Assay  value  residue 

477,160 
12s.     4d. 
70,256 
£0    12s.     3d. 
Is      2d 

334,228 
2.45  dwt. 
37,293 
2.23  dwt. 
347  dwt 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  
Total  extraction,  per  cent. 

99.5 

91.1 
96  0 

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  

£0    14s      6d. 

£0    14s      Id 

Development  
Reduction  expenses,  milling  and  cyanide  
General  expense 

032 
043 
0      1      10 

0      1      11 
0      4      11 
024 

Total  working  cost.  .  . 

£139 

£133 

Profit  from  accumulations.  . 

£10  235 

£3  972 

Net  results  per  ton: 
Total  revenue 

35s      6  3d 

£1     10     9 

Total  working  cost 

23        90 

133 

Working  profit.  . 

£0    11s      9d 

£0     7s      6d 

No.  of  stamps  operating  
No.  of  tube  mills  operating  (running  time)  
Development  

120 
7.5 
16,602 

90 
5.6 
9,947 

See  also  Appendix,  page  378 


TRANSVAAL 


247 


THE  CITY  AND  SUBURBAN  GOLD  MINING  AND  ESTATE  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gold,  ounces 

142,273 

113  306 

Gross  revenue 

£622,847 

474,299 

Expense  .... 

350,512 

311,776 

Profit  
Total  profit  

£272,335 

£278,418 

£162,523 
£174,004 

Ore  received  from  mine,  tons 

367,368 

372  763 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out. 

11  90 

15 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed  
Stamp  duty,  tons,  24  hr  

323,934 
6.585 

317,579 
6  009 

No.  stamps  operating  

143 

160 

No.  tube  mills  operating  

2.097 

.123 

Value  ore  treated 

38s      3d 

7  886  dwt 

Yield,  ounces 

99  010 

72  707 

Yield  per  ton.  .                             .  . 

25s      8d 

4  579  dwt 

Value,  pulp  
Extraction,  per  cent  
Cyanide  :                        i    • 
Tons  treated  

12s.     7d. 
67.084 

324,762 

3.  307  dwt. 
58.065 

316,264 

12s      8d 

3  284 

Yield,  ounces 

43  263 

40  599 

Yield  per  ton. 

11s      3d 

2  567 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent 

88  596 

78  12 

Value  residues  

Is      8d 

724 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  . 

96.397 
13s    11  808d 

90.487 
12s      8  065d 

Development 

1        2  646 

1        5  43 

Sorting  and  crushing 

0        6  931 

0        7  485 

Transportation  to  mill  

0        2  036 

0        I   910 

Stamp  miiling  

1        4  526 

1        5  464 

Tube  milling  

0        7  302 

0            506 

Cyaniding 

2        2  987 

1        9  792 

General  expense 

1        5  455 

1        4  963 

•Total  

£11        7  691 

19        7  62 

Revenue  per  ton  

£1   18        5  462 

29      10  44 

Cost  per  ton  . 

11        7  691 

19        7  62 

Profit  per  ton. 

16s      9  771d 

10s      2  82d 

Development,  ft. 

8  301 

10  442 

Grade  ore  reserves  

8.4  dwt. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  378 


248 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CONSOLIDATED  LANGLAAGTE  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1912 


Production : 

Gold,  ounces 89,610 

Total  revenue £380,693 

Working  expenses 281,247 

Working  profit £99,446 

Profit  after  accl.  slimes  and    miscellaneous £123,939 

Mine: 

Tons  mined 290,036 

Mill: 

Tons  crushed 295,072 

Grade  ore  treated,  dwt 6.561 

Number  stamps  working 230 

Stamp  duty 5.25  and  16.891 

Total  ounces  gold 56,632 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 3.839 

Cyanide : 

Tons  sand  treated 175,127 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 24,587 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 2.808 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 1.666 

Average  value  charge,  dwt 3.546 

Tons  slime  treated 113,570 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 8,391 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 1.478 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt .569 

Average  value  charge 1.801 

Final  extraction  per  ton  milled,  per  cent 92.5772 

Cost  per  ton :  Shillings 

Mining 8.394 

Development .- 2.115 

Hoisting 1.467 

Pumping .382 

Transportation  of  ore .397 

Ore  sorting  and  crushing .224 

MiUing                \  1  729 
Tube  milling     /  '  ' 

Cyaniding  sands  and  slimes 1.830 

General  expense,  mine .969 

General  expense,  head  office 1.516 

Total  cost. . .  19.063 


TRANSVAAL 


249 


Summary  per  ton : 

Revenue  

Cost... 


25,803s. 
19.063 


Working  profit. 


Total  extraction,  dwt 

Ounces  gold  from  accumulated  alimes  not  incl.  in  above. 


Grade  ore  reserves,  dwt. 
Development,  feet 


6.740s. 


6.074 
7,483 


6.4 

28,575 


1  5 . 25  in  old  mill  of  140  stamps  and  16.89  in  new  mill  of  90  stamps. 

2  Excluding  gold  recovered  from  accumulated  silme. 

Remarks. — The  east  shaft  had  attained  a  depth  of  2,702  ft.  having  been 
sunk  755  ft.  on  the  incline  during  the  year.  The  cost  of  shaft  sinking  in- 
cluding stations,  ore  bins  and  equipment  in  East  and  West  Shafts  was 
£49,195.  The  West  Shaft  was  sunk  420  ft.  on  the  incline  to  a  depth  of 
2599  ft. 

The  average  stoping  width  in  the  mines  was  47.54  in.  There  were 
engaged  in  hand  stoping  during  the  year  889  boys. 

72 . 50  per  cent,  of  tonnage  mined  was  hand  stoping. 
10.79  per  cent,  of  tonnage  mined  was  machine  stoping. 
7.99  per  cent,  of  tonnage  mined  was  ore  reclamation. 
8 . 72  per  cent,  of  tonnage  mined  was  development. 

The  average  width  stopes  in  hand  labour  stopes  was  46.94  in.  and  52.04 
in.  in  the  machine  stopes. 


250 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CONSOLIDATED  MAIN  REEF  MINES  AND  ESTATE,  LTD. 

SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces.    . 

83,722 

Gross  production  
Total  expenses  

£350,423 
256,289 

£360,211 
272,237 

£297,185 
206,714 

Working  profit 

£94  134 

£87,974 

£90,471 

Tons  mined 

272,897 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 

11.36 

Mill: 

Tons  milled  

242,416 

252,485 

197,083 

No.  stamps  

100 

120 

103 

Stamp  duty,  tons  24  hours  

7.703 

7  207 

6.992 

5.723 

63  733 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  

5.258 
72  96 

4.928 

4.059 

Cyanide  : 

Sands  treated,  tons 

121,271 

Slime  treated,  tons 

121,145 

Yield,  ounces  by  cyanide  
Yield,  ounces  per  ton,  dwt  

19,989 
1.649 

22  88 

1.891 

3.115 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  :       . 
Mining  

95.84 
9s.       8  .  290d. 

93.3 
9s.       8.107d. 

90.11 
8s.     10.647d. 

Development  

4          5  .  043 

4        10.937 

5        10.049 

Pumping  

0          7.480 

0         7.333 

0          8.392 

Tramming,  sorting  and  crushing  .... 

0        11.370 

1        10  748 

0        11.695 
2          1  612 

1          1.091 

1          7  442 

Cyanide 

1          8  662 

1          8  927 

1          9  562 

Mine  charge 

0          8.692 

0          5  068 

0          1.691 

General  charges 

1          1.450 

1          1  .  097 

0        10.854 

Total  
Yield  per  ton  

21s.       1.735d. 
28s.     10.931d. 

21s.       6.776d. 
28s.       6.40d. 

20s.     11.728d. 
30s.       1.901d. 

Costs 

21          1.735 

21          6  776 

20        11.728 

Working  profit  
Development,  feet 

7s.       9.196d. 
18,946 

6s.     11.624d. 

9s.       2.173d. 

Grade  ore  reserves  

7.  26  dwt.  48  in. 



See  also  Appendix,  page  378 


TRANSVAAL 


251 


CROWN  MINES,  LIMITED 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  ounces,  gold                         

731,749 

674,828 

Total  revenue  
Total  working  costs  

£3,071,216 
1,756,969 

£2,831,625 
1,560,519 

Working   profit  . 

£1  314  247 

£1  271  106 

Total  working  profit 

1,315  818 

1  280  757 

Net  profit  .  . 

£1,270,142 

£1,261  345 

Mills  : 
Tons  mined  
Tons  crushed  
Value  of  ore  before  crushing  

2,183,305 
1,920,700 
33s.    6d. 

1,831,182 
1,618,500 
8.68  dwt. 

Yield,  fine  ounces 

513  231 

481  612 

Yield  per  ton.  .  . 

22s     5d 

5  95  dwt 

Assay  value  pulp                                  .         •    . 

11s      Id 

2  73  dwt 

Extraction,  per  cent  
Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

67 
1,915,716 

68.5 
1,616,941 

Assay  value 

lls     Id 

2  73  fine  dwt 

Total  yield. 

218  518 

193  216  oz 

Yield  per  ton  .    . 

9s     7d 

2  39  dwt 

Agsay  value  residue  
Actual  extraction,  per  cent  
Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining 

Is.    7d. 
86.5 

£0    12s     Id 

.403  dwt. 

87.5 

£0    12s     4d 

Development  and  redemption 

012 

012 

Reduction  expenses,  milling  and  cyanide 

039 

042 

Genl.  expense  

014 

018 

Total  working  cost  
Net  results  per  ton: 
Total  revenue 

£0    18       4 
£1    12       0 

£0    19       4 
£1    15       0 

Total  working  cost 

£0    18       4 

19       4 

Working  profit.  
•  Accumulations,  profit  ....    

£0    13       8 
£1,571 

£0   15       8 
£9  650 

No.  of  stamps  operating 

660 

620 

No.  of  tube  mills  operating 

22 

16  9 

Duty  per  stamp  (tons)  
Per  cent,  waste  sorted  in  mining  
Development  work  feet 

10.3 
11.9 
46  804 

8.8 
11.7 
71  023 

Grade  of  ore  reserves  

7.1  dwt. 

7  25  dwt 

Total  mill  recovery,  per  cent  

95.5 

96 

See  also  Appendix,  page  379 


252 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


DURBAN  ROODEPOORT  DEEP,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold  ounces  

104,986 

Total  revenue  

£439,699 

£381,558 

£357,128 

Total  expenses 

357,614 

319  808 

295  407 

Working  profit  
Net  profit  after  miscellaneous  

Mine: 
Tons  mined  

£82,085 
77,798 

357,270 

£61,750 
58,859 

327,171 

£61,721 
61,029 

309,067 

Per  cent   waste  sorted 

17  7 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed            

293,995 

262,540 

240  530 

Value  ore       

31s.     6d. 

No.  stamps  operating  

100 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hr  

8.6 

Yield  total  gold,  ounces  

74,042 

21s      Id 

67 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated           

293,508 

Assay  value,  originals  

10s.     5d. 

Yield,  total,  ounces  

30,944 

Yield  per  ton  

8s.     lOd. 

Is        7d 

84  8 

Cost  per  ton: 
Mining                      

£     s.       d. 
0     15       7 

Development  

026 

Sorting  and  crushing  

009 

Transportation  to  mill  

001 

Milling  

0       1     11 

Cyaniding  

016 

General  expense 

020 

Total  cost       

144 

£1     4  36s. 

£1     4  56s 

Total  revenue  per  ton  
Total  cost  per  ton  

1       9       11 
1       4       4 

1     9.07 
1     4.36 

1     9.70 
1     4.56 

057 

0     4  71s 

0     5  14s 

15,555 

Average  value  ore  reserves,  dwt  .... 
Average  value  ore  reserves.  .  . 

6.9 
29s. 

6.8 
28.05s. 



TRANSVAAL 


253 


The  development  work  for  1912  disclosed  the  following  which  were  used 
in  calculations  for  ore  reserves. 

|    Distance,  ft.,  exposed     |  Width,  inches  |     Assay  value 


Main  Reef 

South  Reef. . . 


4415 
5840 


28 
10 


45s. 
132 


4d. 


The  ore  reserves  show  the  following  on  the  Main  and  South  Reefs. 


Value 

Stoping  width,  inches 

dwt. 

s.       d. 

Main  Reef  
South  Reef  

Average  

6.2 

7.3 

26       0 

30       8 

56 

42 

6.9 

29       0 

Remarks. — The  area  contains  the  reef  for  about  1|  miles  along  the  strike. 
Dip  of  reef  about  42  deg. 

The  mill  has  100  stamps  and  three  tube  mills  with  an  annual  capacity  of 
about  285,000  tons.  About  20  per  cent,  of  the  rock  mined  is  sorted  out 
and  rejected. 

RESUME*  OF  OPERATIONS  FROM  FIRST  YEAR  (6  MO.)  ENDING  DEC.  31,  1898 
TO  DEC.  31,  1912,  INCL. 

Tons  milled 1,923,124 

Revenue  per  ton  milled £1     12s.       8.8d. 

Cost  per  ton  milled 1       5.       10.4. 

Profit  per  ton 0       6.       10.4. 

Working  profit £660,169 

Net  profit £593,480 


254 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


DURBAN-ROODEPOORT  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
ROODEPOOKT,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gold   ounces                                                               .  . 

42,770 

48,023 

Gross  revenue                                                       .  .    .  . 

£180,361 

£203,472 

Expenses           .                                          

£132,931 

135,250 

Working  profit                          

£47,430 

£68,222 

£45,015 

£34,957 

Ore  received  from  mine 

195,157 

Per  cent  waste  sorted  out 

14  46 

13 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed 

166,915 

165,665 

Stamp  duty  per  day,  tons 

5.25 

Number  stamps  operating  
Yield  ounces.           .          .  .                 ... 

90 
31,554 

90 

Yield  per  ton  

3.781  dwt. 

17s.       4.8d. 

Extraction  v  
Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

66.59 
164,147 

Yield  ounces  

11,026 

Yield  per  ton 

1  321  dwt 

7s        1  9d 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent 

23  73 

Total  extraction,  per  cent 

90  74 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining. 

9s.       0  5d. 

9s.       6  4d. 

Development  

1          3.9 

1          79 

Milling  . 

1          9.4 

1          7.4 

Sorting  

0         7.1 

0         6.9 

General  charges  
Tailing  and  slime  treating  
Profit  tax 

1          7.6 
1          6.5 
0          52 

1          9.3 
1          6.6 
0         81 

Depreciation  and  London  office  

1          6.7 

1          6.1 

Total.  . 

17s      10  9d 

18s       10  7d. 

Revenue  per  ton 

£11          89 

£14          78 

Cost  per  ton  

0     17        10  9 

0     18         10  7 

Profit  per  ton  
Development,  feet  

£0       3s.     10.  Od. 
5,082 

£0       5s.       9.  Id. 

Grade  ore  reserves 

20s  to  22s 

Remarks. — Company  operates  on  the  Main  and  South  Reefs.  The 
average  stoping  width  for  1912  was  44  in.  Property  is  equipped  with  a  90- 
stamp  mill  and  cyanide  plant. 


TRANSVAAL 


255 


EAST  RAND  PROPRIETARY  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces  
Gross  revenue  
Expenses  

705,325 
£2,967,443 
1,928,350 

664,304 
£2,784,882 
1,828,261 

691,860 
£2,900,883 
1,651,527 

Working  profit 

£1,039,093 

£956,621 

£1,249,356 

Total  profit  after  accul 

£1  076  746 

£974  516 

Ore  received  from  mine  
Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out  
Mill: 
Tons  crushed  
Stamp  duty,  tons  24  hr  
No.  stamps  operating  

2,054,507 
10 

1,848,050 
7.39 
820 
25 

2,354,336 

7 

2,194,552 
8.23 
820 
25 

2,334,907 

8.7 

2,126,334 
6.78 
820 

Value  ore  treated,  dwt  
Yield,  ounces  . 

7.991 
424,945 

6.579 
366,787 

7.008 
373,407 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

4  .  599 

3.343 

3.512 

57  5 

50  11 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated 

1  846  275 

i 

Assay  value,  dwt  
Yield,  ounces 

3.392 
280  380 

3.232 
297,517 

318,452 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  
Actual  extraction,  per  cent.  .  . 
Value  residues,  dwt 

3.034 
89.53 
385 

2.711 
83.9 
.432 

i 

Total  extraction,  per  cent 

95  5 

92.85 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Mining  

s.           d. 
11         94 

s.        d. 
8       3.7 

s.          d. 
7         6.6 

Development  
Reduction  expense  
General  expense  

3         0.0 
4         5.5 
1         7.5 

3       1.5 
4       8.8 
0       5.9 

2         6.0 
4       11.6 
0         6.2 

Total...     . 

£1         0       10  4 

16       79 

15         64 

Revenue  per  ton  

£1       12         1.4 

25       4.5 

27         3.424 

Cost  per  ton.  .  .    . 

1         0       10  4 

16       79 

15         6.4 

Profit  per  ton  
Development,  ft  
Grade  ore  reserves   dwt 

0       11          3.0 
57,440 
6  8 

8       8.6 
69,714 
6  9 

11         9.0 
110,084 

1  Sands  treated,  1,278,414  tons;  assay  value,  3.985  dwt.;    obtained   3.379   dwt.  per  ton 
treated;  per  ton  milled,  2.032;  per  cent,  extraction,  84.78. 

Slime  treated,  847,920  tons;  assay  value,  2.519  dwt.;  obtained  2.205  dwt.  per  ton  treated; 
per  ton  milled,  .879  dwt.;  per  cent,  extraction,  87.53. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  379 


256  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

TRANSVAAL  G.  M.  EST.,  LTD. 
ELANDSDRIFT  MINE,  LYDENBURG,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  March  31,  1912 


Production 

1912 

Mills  ounce  gold  yield     

8,235.734 

Valued  at 

£34,430     5s.       9d. 

1,185  009 

Valued  at                                                                                     

£4,935     13s.     3d. 

Total  recovery                                                         

£39,365     19s.     Od. 

Underestimated 

38       1        8 

Net  total  recovery                             

39,404       0        8 

Total  costs  

9,919       6        0 

£39,484     14s.     8d. 

Tons  mined                                                                  

8,025 

Overburden  stripped,  cu.  yd  

Mills: 
Tons  crushed  

16,104 

7,930 
8,235  734 

20.77 

Recovery  per  ton  milled 

86s.     10.02d. 

Cyanide  : 

Tons  treated.  .                              

8,404 

Yield  ounces  gold.  .  .                  

1,185.009 

Recovery  per  ton  in  dwt  

2.988 

12s.     5.38d. 

Tonnage  includes  slime  stored  of  474  tons. 

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining...    .                                                     

6s.       4.33d. 

Development                                  

4          5.92 

Transportation  
Milling  

1          4.22 
5          1.97 

Cyanide  

3          8.54 

General  expenses 

3        11.22 

Total                                                                          ..... 

25s.       0.20d. 

Total  recovery  
Total  costs  

99s.     4.55d. 
25s.     0.20d. 

74s      4  35d. 

No  stamps 

5 

Duty  per  stamp                                                              .... 

4.696 

Grade  ore  reserves  approximately,  dwt  

10 

TRANSVAAL 


257 


FERREIRA  DEEP,  LIMITED 

SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


£1,116,979 

£811,723 

£873,337 

Working  expenditures 

595,418 

391,784 

344,400 

Working  profit  

£521,561 

£419,939 

£528,937 

Add  revenue  from  slimes  

£12,922 

Tons  mined 

466,213 

454,571 

Tons  milled                      . 

559,800 

373,196 

364,147 

Waste  sorted  out,  per  cent 

15.7 

19.5 

20 

Costs  : 
Total  working  per  ton  
Value  gold  recovered  per  ton  

s.      d. 
21       3 
39     11 

s. 
21.00 
43.50 

8. 

18.91 
47.96 

Profit  per  ton 

18       8 

22  50 

29  05 

Profit  per  ton  ded.  current  expense 

21.8 

Tax  per  ton  

2.1 

Net  profit  

19       0 

19.8 

Average  grade  ore  reserves  

41.22. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  380. 

FERREIRA  GOLD  MINING  COMPANY,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1911 


1910 


Revenue  from  gold.  . 

£460  298 

£581  150 

Working  expenditures  . 

264,250 

278  398 

Working  profit 

£196  048 

£302  752 

Tons  mined  

340  433 

390  526 

Tons  milled  

310  300 

346  150 

Costs  : 

s. 

8. 

Total  working  per  ton 

17  03 

16  09 

Value  gold  recovered  per  ton 

29  67 

33  58 

Profit  per  ton  

12  64 

17  49 

Profit  per  ton  after  current  expenses  

11  75 

Tax  per  ton 

95 

Net  profit  .... 

10  80 

Average  grade  ore  reserves  per  ton  

34.55s. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  380 


17 


258 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GELDENHUIS  DEEP,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


225,517 

265,083 

276  002 

£946,154 

£1,111,423 

£1,156  543 

811,301 

883,846 

905  238 

£134,853 

£227,577 

£251  305 

£141,987 

£236,125 

£260  524 

Credit  balance              .                   

£137,259 

£232,611 

268,118 

Mine: 
Tons  mined                 

776,511 

1,013,323 

1,058,175 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  
Mill: 
Tons  crushed  

19.1 
627,960 

21 
801,860 

21.8 
826,610 

Value  ore  

31s.        4d. 

6.89  dwt. 

7.01 

300 

420 

420 

Stamp  duty  tons  per  24  hours  
Yield  total  gold,  ounces  
Yield  per  ton  

7.1 
153,730 
20s.       7d. 

6.7 
175,318 
4.37  dwt. 

6.4 
185,020 
4.48  dwt. 

65  6 

63  4 

63  9 

Cyanide  : 

633,162 

803  625 

824  629 

10s.        9d 

2  52  dwt 

2  53  dwt 

Yield  total   ounces. 

71,787 

89  765 

90  982 

Yield  per  ton 

9s.        6d 

2  23  dwt 

2  21  dwt 

Is.        4d. 

0  403  dwt 

0  45  dwt 

Extraction,  per  cent       .... 

88  6 

88  6 

82  3 

Cost  per  ton  : 

£      s.      d. 
0     15     10 

£      s.      d. 
0     13       7 

£      s.      d. 
0     13       4 

Development  
Sorting  and  crushing  
Transportation  to  mill  

031 
008 
002 

0       1     10 
008 
002 

0       1     10 
009 
002 

Milling       

020 

018 

017 

Cyaniding  and  tube  milling  
General  expense  

0       1     11 
020 

026 
018 

028 
017 

Renewals  and  replacements  

002 

Total  cost 

£1       5     10 

£121 

£1        1     11 

Total  revenue  per  ton 

£1     10       2 

179 

£180 

Total  cost  per  ton 

1       5     10 

121 

1111 

Working  profit  per  ton 

£044 

£0       5       8 

061 

Development,  feet  

29  459 

30  273 

25  829 

Aver,  value  ore  reserves.  .  . 

6  3  dwt 

6  2  dwt 

6  1 

Stoping  width,  inches  

40  to  52 

37  to  51 

37  to  52 

Yield  per  ton  milled  

30s.    2d. 

27a.    9d. 

28s. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  380 


TRANSVAAL 


259 


GINSBERG  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912. 


Production: 

Gold,  ounces 59,411 

Total  revenue £252,534 

Working  expenses 171,877 

Working  profit 80,657 

Mine :    Tons  mined 248,849 

Of  which  "fines"  sent  to  mill  were 82,828 

Mill:     Tons  crushed 167,922 

Grade  ore  treated 7.582 

No.  stamps  working 80 

Total  ounces,  gold 38,394 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 4 . 573 

Extraction,  per  cent 60.31 

Cyanide :   Tons  sand  treated 102,492 

Total  yield,  gold,  ounces 15,089 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 2 . 944 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 1 . 797 

Average  value  charge,  dwt 3 . 573 

Tons  slime  treated 65,413 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 5,928 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 1.813 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt .706 

Average  value  charge 2 . 064 

Final  extraction,  per  cent 93 . 32 

Cost  per  ton:    Mining 9.332s. 

Development. .  629 

Hoisting 1 . 608 

Pumping .871 

Transport,  of  ore .  358 

Ore  sorting  and  crushing .  529 

Milling 1 . 884 

Tube  milling .  507 

Cy aniding  sands  and  slimes 2 . 244 

General  exp.,  mine 1 . 065 

General  exp.,  head  office 1 . 444 

Total  cost 20.471s. 

Revenue  per  ton,  dwt 7.076 

Revenue  per  ton 30 . 077s. 

Working  cost  per  ton 20 . 471 

Working  profit  per  ton 9 . 606s. 

Development,  feet 1,361 

Grade  ore  reserves,  dwt 6.9 


260 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GLENCAIRN  MAIN  REEF  G.  M.  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1912 


Production :    Gold,  ounces 

Total  revenue 

Working  expenses 

Working  profit 

Profit  after  accl.  slime  and  miscellaneous 

Mine :     Tons  mined  and  from  dumps 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out 

Mill :      Tons  crushed 

Number  stamps  working r 

Stamp  duty 

Total  ounces  gold 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Cyanide :     Tons  sand  treated 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Value,  before  treatment  dwt 

Extraction,  per  cent 

Tons  slime  treated 

Total  yield  gold,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Value  before  treatment,  dwt 

Extraction,  per  cent 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining 

Development 

Hoisting 

Pumping 

Transportation  of  ore 

Ore  sorting  and  crushing 

Milling 

Cyaniding  sands  and  slimes 

General  expense,  mine 

General  expense,  head  office 

Total  cost 

Summary  of  results  per  ton:     Mill  recovery,  dwt 

Cyanide  sand  and  slime 

Total 

Value  mill  recovery 

Value  cyanide  recovery 

Total  yield 

Total  cost 

Working  profit 

Recovery  of  ore  reserves  (estimated,  dwt.) 

Development,  feet 


42,935 

£182,506 

159,152 


£23,354 

£35,202 

274,375 

13.77 

236,685 

160 

4.5 

25,568 

2.161 

151,706 

12,629 

1.665 

1.067 

2.238 

74.26 

82,822 

4,738 

1,130 

.400 

1.314 

85.73 

Shillings 

5.882 

.397 

.914 

.462 

.330 

.432 

1.772 

1.842 

.624 

.793 


13.448 
2.161 
1.467 


3.628 

9.189s. 

6.233 

15.422s. 

13.448 


1.974s. 

3.6 
2,162 


TRANSVAAL 


261 


JUPITER  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold  yield,  oz  
Gold  revenue  

116,241 

£488,122 

85,682.327 
£359,171 

74,285.23 
£311,656 

Working  expense  

£430,974 

£332,232 

£270,992 

Working  profit  

£57,148 

£26,938 

£40,664 

Total  profit  

£63,632 

£31,951 

£46,879 

Tons  mined,  dumps  
Waste  sorted,  per  cent  
Tons  milled 

492,789 
7.24 
476,450 

347,071 
9.48 
314,650 

311,638 
14.08 
267,398 

Tons  sands  treated 

217,437 

147,399 

145,498 

Tons  slimes  treated 

259,013 

167,251 

121,900 

Value  rec.  battery  and  tubes  per 
ton. 
Value  rec.  sands  per  ton  
Value  rec.  slimes  per  ton  

s.          d. 
11       6.652 
5       3.417 
3       7.586 

s.          d. 
12       8.106 
6       4.112 
3       9.405 

s.          d. 
13     10.014 
6       6.787 
2     10.572 

Working  profit  per  ton  

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  
Sorting,  crushing  and  transport- 
ing. 
Milling  

£1      0       5.655 
£0     2       4.562 

s.          d. 
11       0.179 
0       4.619 

0     10.281 

£1      2       9.623 
£0      2       0.371 

s.          d. 
11     11.204 
0       6  .  204 

1       0.414 

£1      3s.    3.373d. 
£0     3       0.147 

s.          d. 
10     11.519 
0       7.410 

1       5.210 

Tube  mill  ..    . 

1       0.733 

1       0.132 

0       9.715 

Cyanide  sands  

0       8.769 

0     11.956 

1       0.723 

Cyanide  slimes  
Development  
General  charges  

0       6.777 
1     10.788 
1       4  .  773 

0       6.259 
3       0.959 
1       7.751 

0       6.871 
2     10.703 
1     11.075 

£0    17s.  10.919d. 
£002  174 

£1     Os.    8.879d. 
4  532 

£1     Os.    3.226d 

Total  .  . 

£0    18       1.093 

£1      1        1.411 

£1      0       3.226 

1912 


1911 


1910 


Ave.  no.  stamps 

100 

73 

88 

Days  running  time  

342  5 

339 

322 

Duty  per  stamp  
Tube  mills  

13.908 
6| 

12.68 
4 

9.408 
7 

Development,  feet  
Value  of  reserves  

10,618 
6.0 

11,349 
5.7dwt. 

7,702 
5.8  dwt. 

Note. — Tube  mills  run  jointly  with  Simmer  and  Jack. 
Milling  plant  has  100  heavy  stamps  with  tubes. 


262 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


KNIGHT  CENTRAL,  LTD. 

SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces  

79,730 

87,591 

Gross  production.  .    . 

£333,877 

£366,406 

£344,325 

Total  expenses  

279,450 

295,589 

265,314 

Total  profit 

£54  427 

£70  817 

£79  Oil 

Mine: 

Tons  hoisted  . 

310,420 

350  353 

Tons  mined  and  from  dump 

313,227 

344  800 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 

8  18 

8  60 

Mill: 
Tons  milled  
Average  value  ore   dwt 

286,600 
5  76 

315,171 

302,228 

No.  stamps  running  
Duty  per  stamp  
Gold,  oz.  recovered 

107.1 
8.65 
58  735 

110 
9.14 
62  466 

110 
9.22 

Per  ton  recovered,  dwt 

4  1 

3  96 

3  88 

Per  cent,  extraction 

71   16 

Cyanide  : 

Sand    tons 

166  104 

192  440 

Slimes,  tons  . 

120,572 

124  048 

Tailing  assay,  dwt  
Residue  assay,  dwt  

1.76 
.26 

1.84 
28 

Total  oz   recovered 

20  995 

25  125 

Recovery  per  ton,  dwt 

1  46 

1  59 

1  57 

Per  cent,  extraction 

82  97 

86  52 

Total  extraction.. 

96.6 

95  60 

95  14 

Costs  per  ton  milled: 

Mining 

s.           d. 
11         8  19 

s.           d. 
11         5  83 

s.           d. 
9       11  0 

Development 

2         7  56 

2         2  31 

1        10  95 

Crushing  and  sorting 

0         6  93 

0         6  20 

0         6  43 

Milling  .. 

1       10  01 

1        11  60 

2         5  02 

Cyaniding.  . 

1         5.40 

1         4  44 

1         5  47 

Gen'l  mine  charges.  .  . 

0         6.75 

0         6  23 

0         6.98 

Gen'l  charges  

0         9.17 

0         8.48 

0         8.84 

Total 

19s       6  Old 

18s       9  09d 

17s       6  69d 

Total  recovery,  dwt 

5  56 

Total  revenue 

23s.       3.59d 

£1  3s     3  02d 

Profit  per  ton  .        .    .             .    . 

3         9.58 

4      5  93 

Grade  ore  reserves 

6   1  dwt 

6  04  dwt 

Width  ore  reserves  in 

62  5 

60  56 

Development,  feet  

10,776 

10,837 

TRANSVAAL 


263 


Remarks.' — The  mine  is  operated  through  two  shafts  connected  under- 
ground. The  Main,  Middle  and  North  reefs  were  cut  at  the  following 
depths:  2056  ft.,  2072  ft.  and  2116  ft.  The  Eastern  shaft  has  been  carried 
to  a  depth  of  4495  ft. 

The  stoping  width  is  about  60  in.  of  6  dwt.  rock,  exclusive  of  stripping. 
This  has  averaged  to  date  about  9  in.  over  the  total  area  mined.  The  mill 
has  120  heavy  duty  stamps,  and  33  tube  mills. 

KNIGHTS  DEEP,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  July  31 


1912 


1911 


Yield,  gold,  oz     .  .                           

151,114.973 

162  369  702 

Value      .              

£634,984 

£681,725 

Working  costs  

418,519 

407,989 

216  464 

273  735 

8  365 

12  993 

Total  profit                                      

£224,830    6s.  lOd 

286  729    6s    lid 

Less  tax,  int.,  etc  

22,999    9       0 

32,325  16s.  lid. 

£201,830  17s.  lOd. 
751  058 

254,403  10s.    Od. 
737  957 

3  11 

5  69 

Tons  milled 

727  700 

695  670 

Tons  sands  treated  
Tons  slimes  treated  
Value  rec.  in  battery  

413,850 
313,850 
8s.    5  123d. 

429,450 
266,220 
8s    10  704d 

Value  rec.  in  sands  

3     10.626 

4       9  459 

Value  rec.  in  slimes  

1       6.186 

1       5  538 

3s     7  205d 

4       5  193 

Total 

17s     5  140 

19s     6  894 

Add  rebate  on  frt     

0       0  282 

0  295 

Total  

17       5  422 

19       7  189 

5     11  392 

7     10  436 

Ave.  No.  stamps  dropping 

270 

270 

Running  time,  days  
Tube  mill  running  
Running  time,  days  
Development  

342 
6 
345 
1454 

328 
6 
339 
3527 

Gal.  water  hoisted  

44,553,260 

131  562  533 

Ave.  grade  of  reserves  

4.  7  dwt. 

5.  2  dwt. 

264 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


1912 


1911 


Ave.  value  ore  milled  

4.39  dwt.  =  18/5 

5  05    dwt  -21/0  75 

Ave.  value  residue  

0.27dwt.  =    1/1.58 

0.329  dwt.-    1/4  55 

Costs  per  ton: 
Development  

s.              d. 

s.              d. 
0           3  225 

Alining  

6           4  367 

6           6  113 

Pumping  

0           2.136 

Transporting,  sorting  and  crushing  
Milling  

0           8.108 
1            1  .  280 

0           8.097 
1            1  .  690 

Tube  milling 

0           6  266 

0           7  101 

Sand  expenses 

0           9  381 

0         10  240 

Slime  expenses 

0           5  110 

0           4  587 

Hire  of  plant  

0           1  385 

1  415 

General  charges. 

0         11.355 

11   123 

Renewals,  etc  

11            1.388 
4.642 

11           5.590 
3  162 

Total  

11           6.030 

11           8.753 

Notes. — The  mine  is  operated  through  two  shafts  2100  ft.  apart.  The 
main  reef  was  intersected  at  a  depth  of  1200  ft.  The  dip  of  reef  varies  from 
18  deg.  to  27  deg. 

There  are  four  reefs  in  the  mine  but  the  main  producers  have  been  the 
main  reef  leader  and  South  Reef.  Reserves  are  based  upon  a  stoping  width 
of  70  in.  of  approx.  5.2  dwt.  per  ton. 

The  combined  mills  contain  280  stamps  and  six  tube  mills. 


TRANSVAAL 


265 


MAIN  REEF  WEST,  LTD. 

SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces 

73,471 

Gross  production                      

£307,709 

£338,797 

£307,787 

Total  expenses  

203,469 

198,924 

169,838 

Working  profit  

£104,240 

£139,873 

£137,949 

Tons  mined 

212,788 

13  81 

Mill: 
Tons  milled 

185,781 

196,391 

189,649 

No.  stamps 

81  62 

120 

103 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hours 

7.369 

6.342 

5.41 

Value  rock,  dwt  
Yield  dwt.  per  ton  

8.259 
5.951 
55  284 

34s.     6.028d. 
5.774 

32s.       5.503d. 
4.892 

Extraction  per  cent 

72  06 

Cyanide  : 
Sands  treated,  tons.      .    . 

101,198 

Slimes  treated,  tons  

84,583 

Yield  ounces  by  cyanide  
Yield  dwt.  per  ton  
Per  cent   of  extraction 

18,187 
1.958 
23  70 

2.475 

2.858 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  
Development  

95.76 

11s.     10.810d. 
3         9.819 

93.95 

10s.     7.964d. 
3        6.212 

91.86 

9s.       2.828d. 
3         3.591 

Pumping 

Tramming,  sorting  and  crushing  
Milling  

0          7.290 
2          3  732 

0        8.550 
2        1  532 

0         7.584 
1          9  395 

Cyanide  

1          9.440 

1        9  921 

1          9  107 

Mine  charge  
General  charges  

0          4.349 
1          1.419 

0        4  .  557 
1        0.359 

0          2.345 
1          0.079 

Total  

21s.     10  850d 

20s      3  095d 

17s      10  929d 

Yield  per  ton  

33s.       1.512d. 

Costs 

21        10  850 

Working  profit 

11s        2  662d 

14s      2  933d 

14s        6  574d 

Development,  feet  

12,842 

Grade  ore  reserves,  dwt  

6.36 

See  also  Appendix,  page  381 


266 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


MODDERFONTEIN  B.  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Total  cost 

Total  revenue  per  ton. 
Total  cost  per  ton. . . . 


Working  profit  per  ton 

Development,  feet 

Average  value  ore  reserves 

Stoping  width,  inches  for  year. . . 
Stoping  width  ore  reserves 


Gold,  ounces 172,838 

Total  revenue £725,219 

Total  expenses 343,066 

Working  profit £382,153 

Mine: 

Tons  mined 437,306 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted 11.1 

Mill: 

Tons  crushed 388,570 

Value  ore 39s.     2d. 

Number  stamps  operating .    80 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hrs 14 

Yield  total  gold,  ounces 99,374 

Yield  per  ton 21s.     6d. 

Extraction,  per  cent 54.9 

Cyanide : 

Tons  treated 387,487 

Assay  value,  originals 17s.     8d. 

Yield  total,  ounces 73,464 

Yield  per  ton 15s.   lid. 

Extraction,  per  cent 90.2 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining £0     9s.     3d. 

Development,  redemption 0     1      10 

Sorting  and  crushing 0     0        4 

Transportation  to  mill 0     0        1 

Stamp  milling 0     0      10 

Tube  milling 009 

Amalgamation 0     0        2 

Cyaniding 02        1 

General  expense 0     1      10 

Renewals 00       6 


0  17 

1  17 
0  17 


£0  19a.     8d. 
8,606 
7.2dwt 
55 


See  also  Appendix,  page  381 


TRANSVAAL 


267 


THE  NEW  HERIOT  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


r<   i^ 

60,833 

£255,509 

£268,243 

£258,516 

151,222 

150,715 

152,141 

£104,287 

£117,528 

£106,375 

111,415 

162,131 

179,618 

185,484 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  
Mill  '     Tons  crushed 

15.08 
137,630 

19.5 
144,643 

19.25 
149,990 

Value  ore                 

38s.     Id. 

70 

6  61 

amp     u  y  per 

43  345 

!e       o  a   go    ,  ounc 

26s      6d 

le      per    on  .. 

69  52 

138,665 

12s.     2d 

17,487 

Yield  per  ton                       

10s.     7d. 

Is.     6d. 

87.33 

12s.    6.9d. 

1       6.5 

0       8.4 

0       3.3 

1       7.7 

0       6.0 

2       5.0 

General  expense          

1     11.4 

0       46 

Total  cost 

21s.  11  7d. 

37       1.6 

21     11.7 

Working  profit  per  ton 

15s.    1.9d. 

Development,  feet  
Average  value  ore  reserves  
Gold  ounces  not  included  in  above  \ 

3,898 
8.1  dwt. 

2,425 

Accumulated  slimes                             / 
Total  ounces  gold 

63,258 

Total  revenue  per  ton  included 

£1  18s.  7.3d. 

Total  with  sundry  revenue  

1  18     8.4 

37.09s. 

34.47s. 

Total  working  cost 

1     2     6.2 

20.84s. 

20.29s. 

Profit.  . 

16s.  2.2d. 

16.25s. 

14.18s. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  381 


268  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

NEW  MODDERFONTEIN  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD, 

SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 

Total  revenue                                   

£1,011,020 

346  961 

£    464,059 

Net  profit  after  miscl                                                           .      .    .  . 

£    478,862 

Mine: 
Tons  mined                                              

657,806 

Per  cent  waste  sorted                         

11 

Mill: 

Tons  crushed     .   .          

585,900 

Value  ore         

35s.       5d. 

No.  stamps  operating  

180 

Stamp  duty  

9.7 

Yield  total  gold,  ounces  

184,081 

Yield  per  ton  

26s.       4d. 

Extraction  
Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated 

74.6 
586  615 

8s.     lid. 

Yield  total  oz 

56,901 

Yield  per  ton 

8s.       2d. 

Assay  residues 

Os.       9d. 

Extraction 

91.0 

Total  extraction 

97.7 

Cost  per  ton  milled: 
Mining  

£           s.           d. 
0           11             5 

Development  

0             1             7 

Sorting  and  crushing  

004 

Transportation  to  mill  

0             0             1 

Milling  

0             1           10 

Cy  aniding  

0              1            10 

General  expense  

0             1             7 

Total  cost  

0           18             8 

Total  revenue  per  ton  

1            14             6 

Total  cost  per  ton  

0           18             8 

Working  profit  per  ton  

0            15           10 

General  : 
Development,  feet  

21,865 

Average  value  ore  reserves  

8  dwt. 

Average  stoping  width  of  ore  reserves,  Main  Reef  
Average  stoping  width  reserves,  South  Reef  
Stoping  width  for  year  

59  in. 
58  in. 
57  in. 

See    also  Appendix,  page  382 


TRANSVAAL 


269 


NEW  PRIMROSE  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1912 


Production :     Gold,  ounces 99,471 

Revenue  from  gold £404,086 

Total  cost 201,658 

Working  profit £202,428 

Mine :      Tons  mined 309,608 

Per  cent,  fines 39.44 

Delivered  to  sorting  plant 187,485 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out 9.234 

Additional  waste  left  in  stopes 21,000 

Milling :     Ore  crushed,  tons 289,000 

Value,  dwt 7.134 

Yield,  ounces 61,747 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 4.273 

Per  cent,  extraction 59.89 

Cyanide :     Sand,  tons 185,850 

Value,  dwt 3.521 

Yield  gold,  ounces 25,843 

Extraction,  dwt 2.78 

Extraction  per  ton  milled,  dwt 1.788 

Per  cent,  total  contents 25.06 

Slime  treated,  tons 97,926 

Value,  dwt 1.777 

Yield  gold,  ounces 7,430 

Extraction  per  ton 1.517 

Extraction  per  ton  milled,  dwt .514 

Per  cent,  of  gold  contents 7.205 

Accumulation  slimes,  yield  ounces 4,451 

Value  per  ton,  dwt 2.341 

lost  per  ton :     Mining Shillings  5.849 

Development .  902 

Hoisting 1.146 

Pumping .337 

Transportation  of  ore .156 

Crushing  and  sorting .297 

Milling 1.576 

Tube  milling .029 

Cyaniding  sand  and  slime 1.837 

General  expense,  mine .686 

General  expense,  head  office 1.141 

Total  working  cost 13.956 

Revenue  per  ton 27.964 

Josts 13.956 

Profit  per  ton 14.008 


270 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


NEW  RIETFONTEIN  ESTATE  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended,  Dec.  31 

1912 


Gold,  ouDces 57,156 

Value  product £243,032 

Working  cost 204,248 

Working  profit £38,784 

Mine :  Ore  stoped,  tons 219,863 

Ore  from  development 15,879 

Total  sent  to  crusher 235,742 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 19.66, 

Mill :  Tons  crushed 189,287 

Value  per  ton,  dwt 6.655 

Number  stamps 120 

Stamp  duty,  tons 4. 79 

Ounces  recovered 39,695 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 4.194 

Per  cent,  extraction 63 . 02 

Cyanide :  Sand  treated,  tons 127,270 

Value,  dwt 2.698 

Extraction,  dwt 2.077 

Yield,  ounces 13,222 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 1.397 

Slimes  treated,  tons 61,556 

Value,  dwt .  1.617 

Extraction 1.38 

Yield,  ounces > 4,238 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt ' 0.448 

Shillings 

Cost  per  ton:  Mining. 9.797 

Development 1.902 

Hoisting 1.961 

Pumping .622 

Transportation  of  ore ., .493 

Crushing  and  sorting , .460 

Milling ' 1.831 

Cyaniding 1.914 

General  expense,  mine .962 

General  expense,  head  office 1.639 

Total  working  cost 21.581  . 

Recovery  per  ton 6.039  dwt.     =25. 679s. 

Cost 21.581 

Profit. . .  4.098s. 


TRANSVAAL 


271 


NEW  UNIFIED  MAIN  REEF  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


Ounces  gold  produced 

Revenue  from  gold 

Working  costs 

Working  profit 

Total  profit 

Mine: 

Tons  mined 

Waste  sorted,  per  cent 

Ore  sent  to  mill,  tons 

Ore  crushed,  tons 

Mill: 

Stamps  running 

Stamp  duty 

Gold  recovered,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Value  of  ore  milled,  dwt 

Cyanide : 

Sands  treated. 

Yield,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Assay  of  charge,  dwt 

Slime  treated,  tons 

Yield,  ounces 

Recovery  per  ton,  dwt 

Assay  value  charge,  dwt .... 
Cost  per  ton  (milled) : 

Mining 

Development 

Hoisting 

Pumping 

Transportation  of  ore 

Crushing  and  sorting 

Milling 

Tube  milling 

Cyaniding  sand  and  slime. . . 

General  expense,  mine 

'  General  expense,  head  office. 

Total  working  cost 

Revenue  from  gold 

Working  cost 

Working  profit 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Width  stoped,  inches 


46,439 

£197,215 

140,725 


£56,490 
£60,634 

161,735 

18.32 
132,100 
132,325 

60 

6.297 

32,299 

4,882 

7.316 

78,856 


2.523 

3.002 

52,538 

4,193 

1.596 

1.927 

Shillings 

9.658 

2.324 

.968 

.780 

.124 

.717 

1.753 

.515 

1.679 

1.068 

1.683 


21.269 
29.807 
21.269 


8.538 
7.019 
56.07 


272 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


NOURSE  MINES  LIMITED 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  July  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  ounces,  gold  

221,369 

223  571 

Total  revenue  

£928,921 

£936  597 

Total  working  costs  

684,278 

£695  573 

Working  profit.  .  . 

£244  643 

£241  024 

Total  working  profit  .  .  . 

£253  233 

£252  159 

Mills  : 
Tons  mined 

718  621 

732  117 

Tons  crushed 

609  250 

643  675 

Value  of  ore  before  crushing  
Yield  fine  ounces  .  .  . 

31s.  lOd. 
165  814 

7.3dwt. 
163  527 

Yield  per  ton  

30s     6d 

5  OSdwt 

Assay  value  pulp  

9s     Od 

2  22dwt 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  .... 

71  8 

69  6 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated 

610  196 

645  440 

Assay  value  

9s     Od 

2  24dwt 

Total  yield,  ounces  .... 

55  555 

60  044 

Yield  per  ton  

7s     8d 

1  86dwt 

Assay  value  residue  

Is     4d 

375dwt 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  .    .  . 

95  8 

83  2 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

95  1 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  

£0  14s     6d 

£0  13s     5d 

Development  and  redemption 

023 

02       2 

Reduction  expenses,  milling  and  cyanide  
General  expense  

040 
019 

045 
017 

Total  working  cost  

£126 

£117 

Profit  from  accumulations  

£8,590 

£11  134  14s.    2d 

Net  results  per  ton  : 
Total  revenue  

£1  10     10 

£191 

Total  working  cost  

1     2       6 

117 

No.  of  stamps  operating 

£084 
260 

£076 
260 

No.  of  tube  mills  operating  running  time  
Duty  per  stamp  (tons)  24  hours  

7 
7  6 

6.3 

7  6 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  in  mining  

15  1 

12  8 

Development  work,  feet  

26,368 

28  549 

Grade  of  ore  reserves  

6.6  dwt. 

6.  6  dwt. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  382 


TRANSVAAL 


273 


QUEST  GOLD  MINING  &  DEVELOPMENT  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Oct.  31 

1912 


Production:     Ounces,  gold 

Income 

Working  cost 

Working  profit 

Profit  after  miscellaneous 

Mine: 

Tons  received  from  mine 

Mill: 

Ore  crushed,  tons 

Number  stamps  running 

Stamp  duty 

Yield,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Assay  value  ore  milled,  dwt 

Cyanide : 

Sands  treated,  tons 

Yield,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Assay  value  of  charge,  dwt 

Slimes  treated,  tons 

Yield,  ounces 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Assay  value  charge,  dwt 

Total  extraction  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Cost  per  ton  (milled) : 

Mining 

Development 

Hoisting 

Pumping 

Transportation  of  ore 

Crushing 

Milling 

Cyaniding  sand 

Cyaniding  slime 

General  expense,  mine 

General  expense,  head  office 

Total  working  cost 

Revenue  per  ton 

Cost  per  ton 

Profit  per  ton 

Total  depth  mine,  feet 

Reef  average  width,  in 

Reef  average  value,  dwt.. . 


7,184 

£30,445 

26,943 


£3,502 
£4,117 

30,304 

30,595 
30 
3.85 
3,408 
2.228 
5.508 

24,893 

3,022 

2.43 

3.26 

5,702 

733 

2.64 

2.99 

4.696 

Shillings 

5.066 

.024 

.790 

1.403 

.491 

.528 

3.122 

2.700 

.489 

1.645 

1.355 


17.613 
19.902 
17.613 


2.289 

574 

48 

6.2 


18 


274  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

PREMIER  (TRANSVAAL)  DIAMOND  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

See  Appendix,  page  396 


RANDFONTEIN  CENTRAL  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


Production  and  profit 


1912 


1911 


Production  gold,  ounces  

733  780 

632  621 

Value  of  production.  .  .  . 

£2  647  048     12s 

Total  revenue  

£3,085,711 

£2  661  280     18 

Total  expenses  

2,199  312 

1,807  039       2 

Profit 

£886  399 

£854  241     15s 

Mine  and  mill  : 
Ore  mined,  tons. 

2  823  916 

2  287  393 

Waste  sorted  out,  per  cent 

8  85 

5  61 

Ore  milled,  tons  

2  573  908 

2  159  033 

OTR  eyRT>iflfif',  tons  , 

2  638  112 

Revenue  per  ton  milled 

23s      11  74d 

24s      7  83d 

Expenditure.  ,  

17s.     1  09d 

16s      8  87d 

Profit  per  ton  

6s.     10  65d. 

7s.     10  96d 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Development 

Is        1  45d 

Is      2  05d 

Mining 

9        10  05 

9            64 

Hauling  and  pumping  

1          9.62 

1        8.18 

Sorting,  crushing,  transportation  

0          7.76 

0        9.59 

Milling  

1          7  06 

1        8  86 

Cyaniding 

1          6  13 

1        8  88 

General  mining  expense 

0          4  62 

0        4  87 

General  office  expense.. 

0          1.38 

0        1  80 

Total  
Accumulated  slimes  

17            .07 
0          1.02 

16        8.87 
0          .00 

Grand  total 

17s        i  Q9d 

16s      8  87d 

Development 

88,445  ft 

87,541  ft 

Yield  per  ton  milled                      ... 

5  702  dwt. 

5  860  dwt. 

No.  stamps  operating  

752 

745 

Extraction,  amalgamation,  per  cent  
Per  cent,  total  gold  recovered  by  cyanide  
Grade  ore  reserves  

51.32 
48.68 
6.2  dwt. 

51.8 
48.2 
6.633 

See  also  Appendix,  page  383 


TRANSVAAL 

RANDFONTEIN  SOUTH  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
RANDFONTEIN,  TRANSVAAL,  S.  A. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
Company  taken  over  in  1910,  no  later  data  available. 


275 


1910 

Revenue  : 
Milling  

£840  741       2s        6d 

Cy  aniding  

759  672       9        11 

Sundry  revenue  

1  864     12          6 

Total  revenue  

1  602  278       4        11 

Expenditures  .... 

1,063  694       0         6 

Working  profit  

538  584       4          5 

Mine  and  mill  : 
Tons  mined  

1  265  470 

Per  cent,  discarded  as  waste  

7  65 

Tons  crushed  

1  168  641 

Gold  recovered  from  batteries,  ounces 

200  841 

Gold  recovered  from  cyanide  

181  511 

Total  gold  recovered  

382  352 

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Development  

Is        8  17d 

Mining  

9         8  99 

Hauling  and  pumping  

1        11  73 

Sorting  

0          1  96 

Crushing  

0          2  40 

Transportation  

0          2  13 

Milling  

1        11  44 

Water  service  

0              65 

Cyaniding  

1          7  41 

General  mine  

0          5  02 

General  head  office  ,  

0          2  54 

Total  cost  

18s        2  44d 

Total  revenue  per  ton  

27          5  05 

Working  profit  per  ton  

9s        2  61d 

Miscellaneous  data  : 
Development  

40  219  ft 

Grade  ore  reserves  

7  8  dwt 

No.  stamps  operating  

400 

No.  tube  mills  

10 

Per  cent,  gold  won  in  milling  

52  53 

Per  cent,  total  gold  won  in  cy  aniding  
Stamp  duty  

47.47 
8  671 

Amt.  of  water  pumped,  gallons. 

507  806  776 

Depth  of  main  shaft  

2,272  ft. 

See  also  Appendix'  page  383 


276 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


ROBINSON  DEEP  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  March  31 

j 1912  \ 


1911 


Yield  gold,  ounces  

226,183 

200,178 

Value 

£948,778 

£839,609 

Working  costs 

523,380 

505,229 

Working  profit  
Sundry  revenue  

425,397 

6,686 

334,379 
7,437 

Total  profit  

£432,084 

£341,816 

Tons  mined  

698,521 

629,792 

14  85 

15.23 

594,800 

533,850 

Tons  sands  treated 

342,260 

333,490 

Tons  slimes  treated  
Val.  rec.  in  battery  
Val.  rec.  in  tubes  
Val.  rec.  in  sands  
Val.  rec.  in  slimes  

252,540 

15s.    0.186d. 
7       5.480 
6       8.526 
2       8.283 
0       0  354 

200,360 
16s.    3.304d. 
5       8.728 
7       2.208 
2       2.751 

vai.  rec.  in  reoate  

Total  

31     10.829 

31       4.991 

Working  profit  per  ton  
Ave.  No.  stamps  dropping  
Running  time,  days  
Stamp  duty,  tons  

14       3.647 
210 
342 
8.26 

12       6.325 
218 
326 
7.50 

Tubes  running  

5 

5 

342 

294 

Development   feet 

15,555 

22,018 

Ave   grade  ore  reserves 

7.0  dwt. 

7.2  dwt. 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining     ....          .    .             

s.          d. 
10       0.537 

s.         d. 
10       4.026 

Development  
Ore  sorting  and  crushing  
Transport,  of  ore  

1     10.263 
3.479 
1  .  574 

2       6.587 
3.960 
2.124 

1       4  .  840 

1       7.746 

Tube  milling 

7.280 

7.017 

Cyaniding  sands                                        

1       0.028 

1       0.694 

Cyaniding  slimes  
Gen   charges                              

6.491 
1       3  .  394 

6.188 
1       4.451 

17       1.886 
5.296 

18       6.793 
..        4.340 

Total  

..17       7.182 

18     11.133 

See  also  Appendix,  page  383 


TRANSVAAL 


277 


ROBINSON  GOLD  MINING  COMPANY,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production  oz  ,  gold 

300,365 

320  591 

Total  revenue 

£1,260,529 

£1  344  819 

Total  working  costs              .               .        

451,769 

433  511 

Total  working  profit  

£808,760 

£911,308 

Mills  : 
Tons  mined       .                               .            

673,058 

710  000 

Tons  crushed  

577,300 

592  700 

Value  of  ore  before  crushing  
Yield,  fine  ounces  

44s.  lid. 
216,064 

11.19  dwt. 
226  736 

Yield  per  ton 

31s     5d 

7  65  dwt 

13s     6d 

3  54  dwt 

Theoretical  extraction,  per  cent 

69  9 

68  4 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent 

69  9 

68  4 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

578,485 

590  110 

Assay  value  

13s.    8d. 

3  53  dwt 

Total  yield,  ounces 

84  301 

93  856 

Yield  per  ton 

12s     3d 

3  18  dwt 

Theoretical  extraction,  per  cent.  

96  8 

84  9 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  

Costs  per  ton,  milled  : 
Mining 

97.2 
£0     9s     5d 

90.2 
£0     8s     3d 

Development  

006 

00       8 

Reduction  expenses,  milling  and  cyanide  

042 

04       4 

General  expenses  

017 

015 

Total  working  cost          .                                  ... 

£0  15       8 

£0  14       8 

Net  results  per  ton: 
Total  revenue 

£2  3s     8d 

£2     5s     5d 

Total  working  cost 

0  15     8 

0  14 

Working  profit 

£1     8s     Od 

£l  10s     9d 

No.  of  stamps  operating  .    . 

250 

250 

No.  of  tube  mills  operating  (running  time)  
Duty  per  stamp  (tons)  

6 
7.1 

6.1 
7  5 

Per  cent.,  waste  sorted  in  mining  

13.8 

16  6 

Development  work,  feet 

5,823 

9  770 

Grade  of  ore  reserves  

11  dwt. 

11.4  dwt. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  383 


278 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


ROSE  DEEP,  LIMITED 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended   Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production,  oz    gold 

268  610 

231  839 

Total  revenue  .   .  . 

£1  128  127 

£972  440 

Total  working  costs 

681  304 

623  410 

Working  profit  

£446  823 

£349  030 

Net  profit  

£443  135 

£342  832 

Tons  mined 

922  844 

821  555 

Tons  crushed  ,  

782,200 

695,100 

Value  ore  before  crushing  

29s.       9d. 

6  95  dwt. 

Yield  fine  ounces 

178  509 

154  433 

Yield  per  ton 

19s        2d 

4  44  dwt 

Assay  value  pulp 

10s        7d 

2  51  dwt 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  . 

64  4 

63  9 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

781,735 

693,869 

Assay  value  

10s.       7d 

2  50  dwt. 

Total  yield  ounces. 

90  101 

77  407 

Yield  per  ton  

9s.       8d. 

2  .  23  dwt. 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  

91.2 

89.2 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  

£0     10s.       8d 

£0     10s.     lOd. 

Development  

01          0 

0011 

Reduction  expenses,  milling  and  cyanide  
General  expenses  

04          3 
01          6 

047 
017 

Total  working  cost  

£0     17         5 

£0     17        11 

Net  results  per  ton: 
Total  revenue       ... 

£1       8        lOd 

£1       7s.     lid. 

Total  working  cost.  .  .          

0     17         5 

0     17        11 

£0     11          5 

£0     10         0 

No.  of  stamps  operating 

300 

300 

No.  of  tube  mills  operating  (running  time)  
Duty  per  stamp  (tons)  

7 
7.6 

6.8 
7.3 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  in  mining  

15.1 

15.6 

Development  work  

14,499 

14,324  ft. 

6  0  dwt 

Total  recovery,  theoretical  per  cent 

94 

93.9 

Total  recovery,  actual,  per  cent  

96.9 

95.9 

See  also  Appendix,  page  384 


TRANSVAAL 


279 


SIMMER  DEEP,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 

1911 

1910 

Gold  production   ounces 

124,289 

121,117 

109  671 

Value 

£521,957 

£507,654 

£460  057 

Working  costs 

486,411 

£450,870 

399  344 

Working  profit  

£35,546 

£56,784 

£60  713 

Sundry  revenue  

16,548 

12,701 

15,743 

Total  profit  

£52,094 

£69,485 

£76,456 

Tons  mined 

625  033 

585  503 

530  325 

Waste  sorted  out,  per  cent  

4.7 

7.77 

9.178 

Tons  milled 

594,650 

541  700 

480  803 

Tons  sands  treated  .  .  . 

271,609 

253  790 

261  673 

Tons  slimes  treated  

323,041 

287,910 

219  130 

Val.  recovered  in  battery  
Val.  rec.  in  sands  

s.        d. 
10       9.618 
4       0  .  048 

8.            d. 

11       2.978 
4       8  444 

s.        d. 
11       8.710 
5       1  684 

Val   rec  in  slimes 

2       8  801 

2       9  212 

2       2  962 

Val  in  frt  rebate 

0       0  194 

0       0  282 

0       0  289 

Total  value  per  ton  

17       6  661 

18       8  916 

19       1  645 

Working  pro.  per  ton  
Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining  

1       2.346 
s.        d. 
9     11  071 

2       1.159 
s.        d. 
9       6  769 

2       6.306 
s.        d. 
8       1  733 

0       2  242 

0       2  128 

0       2  306 

Sorting,     crushing    and    trans- 
portation 

0       4  272 

0       3  804 

0       5  184 

Milling  .  .  . 

0       Q  909 

0     11  549 

1       5  653 

Tube  mill  

1       0  206 

0     11  335 

0       9  876 

Cyaniding  sands.  .  .  . 

0       8  503 

0     10  949 

1       1   152 

Cyaniding  slimes  

0       6  637 

0       5  742 

0       6  802 

General  charges  
Development  

1       1.481 
1       7  138 

1       2.200 
2       1   104 

1       4.633 
2       6  .  000 

Renewals  on  plant 

0  856 

0       0  177 

Total  

16       4  315 

16       7  757 

16       7  339 

Ave.  No.  stamps  dropping 

126 

125  5 

165 

Days  running  

344   1 

342  8 

320.6 

Tons  per  stamp 

13  725 

12  587 

9  088 

Tube  mills  ran,  days  
Development,  feet 

328.5 
13  994 

336.7 
16  219 

328.0 
22  078 

Gals,  water  hoisted.  .    .    . 

49  775  400 

42  285  000 

46,930,332 

No.  tube  mills  running.  .  . 

8  3 

7 

7 

Ave.  grade  of  reserves  

4.2dwt. 

4.9  dwt. 

5.0  dwt. 

280 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Remarks. — The  property  is  a  consolidation  of  the  South  Geldenhuis  Deep, 
South  Rose  Deep,  Rand  Victoria  and  Rand  Victoria  East. 

The  reefs  are  worked  through  three  shafts  which  encountered  the  reef  at 
vertical  depths  of  2150  ft.  and  3036  ft. 

The  mill  has  300  1750-lb.  stamps  and  tube  mills.  The  plant  is  used  jointly 
with  the  Jupiter,  f  Jupiter  and  f  Simmer  Deep. 

SIMMER  AND  JACK  PROPRIETARY  MINES,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


Yield  gold    oz 

246  771  0 

249  239  7 

Total  gold  revenue 

£1  041  465 

£1  051  601 

Working  expense 

511,521 

501  414 

Working  profit                                  

529,944 

550,187 

Sundry  revenue               .        

33,247 

31,   600 

Less  tax  and  amts.  written  off  

563,191 
51,836 

581,787 
54,921 

Profits 

£511  355 

£526  866 

Tons  mined 

922  624 

890  200 

Waste  sorted 

7  15% 

9  32% 

Tons  crushed  and  treated 

863  500 

803  400 

Tons  battery 

863  500 

803  400 

Tube  mills 

863  500 

529  937 

Sands 

474,613 

484,403 

Slimes                                            

388,887 

318,997 

Val  rec.  battery  

3s.  11.240 

Val.  rec.  tube  mills  

12s.    2.626d. 

11       0.766 

Val.  rec.  sands  

7       9.646 

7     10.972 

Val.  rec.  slimes  

3     11.835 

3       1  .  565 

Accumulated  slimes 

£1  4       0.107 
0  817 

£1  6       0.543 
1   195 

Rebate  of  frt  on  gold 

0  540 

0  407 

Ave.  No.  stamps  

£1  4       1.464 
320 

£1  6       2.145 
f  300 

Running  time  days 

356 

1  320 
f  200 

Duty  per  stamp,  tons 

7  45 

\  145 
7  53 

Tube  mills          

7 

6 

Running  time,  days  

350 

349 

TRANSVAAL 


281 


COSTS  PER  TON 


19 

12 

19 

11 

8. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

Mining.  g 

7 

0  794 

6 

9  631 

Pumping  .... 

0 

2.135 

Transport,  crushing  and  sorting  
Milling 

4.852 
11  414 

0 
1 

5.320 
0  645 

Tube  milling  

7.442 

0 

7.223 

Cyaniding  sands 

11  712 

o 

1  859 

Cyaniding  slimes 

5  796 

o 

4  709 

General  charges 

1 

0  156 

1 

1  565 

Development  

3.428 

o 

7.424 

Renewals 

11 

9.596 
0  576 

12 

o 

2.511 
3  277 

Total. 

11s 

10  I72d 

12 

5  788 

A  ve.  profit  per  ton  

12 

3  292 

13 

8.357 

Development  

4566' 

8417' 

Ave.  grade  of  reserves  

6.2dwt. 

6.4dwt. 

Notes. — The  thicknesses  of  the  reefs  vary  greatly  in  this  mine.     They  are 
given  as  24,  36,  57,  84  and  121  in. 

The  mill  has  320  stamps  and  six  tubes. 


282 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


SUB  NIGEL,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


22,638  963 

18,466.22 

£94,790 

£77,297 

90,961 

76,200 

£3,828 

£1,096 

80,671 

75,847 

30  35 

18.31 

52,328 

49,710 

33,418 

30.693 

Slimes  treated                                                      .  .  . 

18,910 

19,017 

Value  recovered  in  battery                           

15s.       9.669d. 

13s.       2.734d. 

Value  recovered  in  tubes  .                            

4          6.460 

3          9.934 

Value  recovered  in  sands     .                    

12          1.776 

10        11.378 

Value  recovered  in  slimes  

3         8.596 

3          0.713 

Rebate  freight                                              .    

36s.       2.501d. 
.250 

31s.       0.759d. 
.431 

Total                                                                  .    . 

36s        2.751d. 

31s.        1.190d. 

Is        5.560d. 

Os.       5.294d. 

Costs  per  ton  : 

15s.     11.458d. 

12s.       8.829d. 

Ore  sorting,  crushing  and  transportation  .... 
Stamp  milling                         

8.512 
2          9.953 

10.298 
3          0.141 

Tube  milling 

5  350 

4  900 

1        11  085 

2          0  538 

10  998 

10.428 

6          4  867 

6          8.621 

5          5.036 

3          0.753 

1.932 

5.853 

4.814 

0.721 

Total  

£1  14s.    9.191 

£1  10s.  7.896d. 

For  the  quarter  ending  Sept.  30,  1913,  the  following  figures  show  a  material 
decrease  in  operating  expenses. 


Tons  milled 

Revenue  per  ton 

Expenses  per  ton 

Profit  per  ton 

14,036 

37  0 

29  7 

7     5 

See  also  Appendix,   page  385 


TRANSVAAL 


283 


TRANSVAAL  GOLD  MIN.  EST.  LTD. 
VAALHOEK  MINE,  LYDENBURG,   SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  March  31 


Production 

1912 

Fine  gold  recovered  milling,  ounces  

2,453.7 

2,889  6 

5,347.1 

Total  revenue 

£22,400     19s.     Id. 

Expenditures                                                           .                   ... 

17,052       0       4 

Profit  

£5,348     18s.     9d. 

Tons  mined  

15,016 

Mill: 
Tons  crushed  .               

15,093 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  

3.251 

Value  per  ton  
Per  cent,  total  recovery  

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated 

13s.     7.06d. 
45.9 

14,996 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt.                                                .  .             .      . 

3  854 

Value  per  ton  milled  

16s.     1.06d. 

Per  cent,  of  total  recovery     

54.1 

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining 

8s      4  27d 

Developing 

1        9  62 

Transportation 

4  47 

Milling  
Cy  aniding  

2        6.91 
8        4.991 

General  expenses  

1        0.89 

Total  

22s      7  15d 

Profit  per  ton  

7s.     1  05d. 

Number  of  stamps  

10 

Duty  per  stamp  per  day,  tons  

4.65 

Grade  ore  reserves,  dwt 

10  07 

Development,  ft  .  

1,818 

1  Report  states  high  cost  due  to  refractory  nature  ore  and  large  cyanide  consumption,  it 
being  5.78  Ib.  at  cost  of  5s.  0.69 Id. 


284 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


VAN  RYN  GOLD  MINES  ESTATE,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL 
Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gross  revenue 

£639  396 

£566  766 

f^fiO  779 

Expenses 

363  161 

304  425 

000    OOQ 

Profit  

£276  235 

£262  341 

£271  Q4^ 

Tons  ore  milled  

460  740 

396  440 

392  911 

Average  value  recovered  per  ton  .   . 

27s      9d 

25s      7d 

28s        6d 

Average  profit  per  ton  

12s      Od 

12s      3d 

13s      lOd 

Waste  sorted  out,  per  cent  

7  5 

12 

10  2 

Costs  per  ton  

15s.     9d 

15s      4d 

14s        8d 

Average  No.  stamps  operating  

128 

128 

145 

Remarks. — The  mine  operates  on  the  Main  Reef  and  several  small  lead- 
ers, stoping  all  together  to  a  width  of  8  to  10  ft. 

There  are  160  stamps  equally  divided  in  two  mills.  There  are  six  tube 
mills  and  cyanide  plant. 

WEST  RAND  CONSOLIDATED,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  So.  AFRICA 
Quarter  Ended  Sept.  30 


1912 


1911 


Revenue  

£117  287 

£366  401     18s      5d 

Expenses  

94,187 

317,496     19 

Profit  

23  100 

48  904     19       5 

Tons  ore  milled  

80,250 

319  640 

Average  value  per  ton  recovered  

29s      2  768d 

22s      11   lid 

Average  expenses  per  ton  

23        5  683 

19        10  4 

Profit  per  ton 

5       9  085 

3          0  71 

Stamp  duty  tons  per  24  hours  

11.201 

10.584 

The  mill  operated  302  days  with  stamp  duty  of  10.584  tons  per  24  hours. 
The  mill  has  100  stamps  and  four  tubes. 

The  company  operates  through  a  number  of  outcrop  and  deep  shafts, 
the  greatest  depth  being  1850  ft. 

The  stoping  width  is  49  in.,  average  grade  5.25  dwt.  In  all  probability  the 
crushing  capacity  will  be  greatly  increased  before  long. 


TRANSVAAL 


285 


VILLAGE  DEEP,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production,  gold,  oz  
Value  of  yield  
Working  costs  

212,109 
£889,246 
594,436 

180,284 
£755,785 
530,005 

148,060 
£620,547 
466,480 

Working  profit 

£294  810 

£225  780 

£154  067 

Mine: 
Tons  mined.    .  .  . 

698,124 

670  521 

595,942 

Tons  sorted  out.  .  . 

103,625 

101,721 

88,575 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 

14  8 

15  2 

14.8 

Mill: 
Tons  milled  
Value  of  ore  
Yield   ounces 

596,900 
30s.      8d. 
149  336 

569,500 
6.61  dwt. 
119  817 

507,800 
6.17  dwt. 
99  461 

Yield  per  ton  
Value  of  pulp 

21s.      Od. 
9s       8d 

4.21  dwt. 
2  40  dwt 

3.92  dwt. 
2  25  dwt 

No.  stamps  operating 

180 

180 

180 

Tube  mills 

6 

5  9 

5  7 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hours  

9.5 

9.3 

8.7 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated  

596,860 

567,300 

507,083 

Assay  value  

9s.      8d. 

2  39  dwt. 

2  25  dwt. 

Yield,  ounces  

62,773 

60,467 

48,599 

Yield  per  ton  
Assay  value  residues  

8s.    lOd. 
Is.      2d. 

2.13  dwt. 
0  309   dwt. 

1.92  dwt. 
345  dwt. 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  
Total  extraction,  per  cent  

91.3 
97.3 

87.1 
95.9 

85 
94.5 

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Alining  

£    s.     d. 
0  11     6 

£    s.     d. 
0  11     1 

£    s.     d. 
0  10  10 

Development  

033 

026 

026 

Reduction  expenses  .    . 

038 

037 

038 

General  expenses  

016 

015 

014 

Revenue  and  costs  per  ton: 
Total  revenue 

£0  19  11 
£1     9  10 

£0  18     7 
£167 

£0  18     4 
£145 

Total  costs  

0  19  11 

0  18     7 

0  18     4 

Working  profit  
Development  
Grade  ore  reserves,  'dwt  
Value  ore  reserves,  dwt  

£0     9  11 
18,693 
6.9 
29s.      Od. 

£080 
29,132 
6.1 
25s.  '  7d. 

£0     6     1 
23,968 
6.1 
25s.      7d. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  385 


286 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


VILLAGE  MAIN  REEF  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces  

221,785 

211,962 

205  093 

Gross  revenue  

£929,727 

£889,043 

860  840 

Expenses  

437,512 

429,586 

410  433 

Working  profit  

£492,215 

£459,457 

450,406 

Total  profit.  . 

£501  126 

£404  196 

374  014 

Ore  received  from  mine  
Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out   . 

563,511 
16  42 

468,238 
16  56 

588,552 
16  3 

Mill:  Tons  crushed  .    .. 

470,056 

476,250 

493  300 

Stamp  duty,  tons,  24  hr 

7.189 

6  954 

6  896 

No.  stamps  operating... 

220 

220 

220 

No.  tube  mills  operating  
Value  ore  treated  

6 
40s.     lOd. 

5 
9  276  dwt. 

5 

8  84  dwt 

Yield,  ounces  
Yield  per  ton 

149,762 
26s      9d 

143,250 
6  016 

133,846 
5  427 

Value  pulp  .  . 

14s      Id 

3  260 

3  413 

Extraction,  per  cent  

65.487 

64  .  858 

61  388 

Cyanide  :  Tons  treated  
Assay  value 

470,535 
14s      Id 

476,462 
3  261  dwt 

491,937 
3  409  dwt 

Yield,  ounces  

72,023 

68,712 

71,247 

Yield  per  ton  

12s.     lOd. 

2.884  dwt. 

2  897 

Actual  extraction,  per  cent  
Value  residues  .... 

91.377 
2s      Od 

88.456 
489  dwt 

84.957 
518 

Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Cost  per  ton  (milled)  :  Mining.  .  .  . 
Development. 

99.98 

12s.     2.470d. 
0        2  539 

95.968 

11s-     2.158d. 
0        5  491 

94.065 

10s.        .042d. 
0        7   112 

Sorting  and  crushing  

0        6.397 

0        6.485 

0        6  .  579 

Transportation  to  mill  
Amalgamation  

0        2.268 
0        3  623 

0        2.956 

0        2.111 

Stamp  milling.  ... 

1        3  128 

1        5  991 

1        5  807 

Tube  milling  
Cyaniding  
General  expense  

0        7.167 
1        9  .  930 
1        5.862 

0        8.061 
1      11.280 
1        6  062 

0       8.773 
1      10.136 
1        3  123 

Total 

18        7  384 

18            484 

16        7  683 

Revenue  per  ton  
Cost  per  ton 

£1   19s.     6.698d 
0  18       7  384 

£1   17s.     4.022d- 
0  18            484 

£1   14s.   i0.815d 
0  16        7  683 

Profit  per  ton 

£1     Os    11  314d 

£0  19s     3  538d 

£0   18s      3   132d 

Development,  feet 

1934 

5233 

7735 

Grade  ore  reserves  

33s.  7d.  =  8dwt. 

37s.  2d.  =  885dwt. 

38s.   8fl.=9.2dwt. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  386 


TRANSVAAL 


287 


WITWATERSRAND  DEEP,  LTD. 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


150,606 

175,259 

Gross  production                      .    ... 

£631,231 

£732,843 

£707,492 

Total  expenses     .                    

426,224 

431,301 

384,079 

Working  profit  

£205,007 
498  021 

£301,542 
564,188 

£323,413 

Per  cent  sorted  out 

9  375 

11  49 

Mill: 
Tons  milled  

451,000 

500,330 

474,660 

No.  stamps  

245 

239 

245 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hours  
Value  ore,  dwt 

5.846 
6  94 

6.359 

5.92 

Yield,  ounces 

112  014 

124  446 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

4  967 

4  97 

5  13 

Extraction,  per  cent  

71.61 

Cyanide  : 
Sands  treated,  tons  

274,186 

313,775 

Slimes  treated,  tons  

176,833 

186,332 

Yield,  oz.  by  cyanide  

38,591 

50,813 

Yield,  dwt.  per  ton  
Per  cent,  of  extraction  

1.71 

24.67 

2.03 
27.72 

1.99 

Extraction,  per  cent 

86  85 

86  43 

Total  extraction,  per  cent.  .  .  . 

Cost  per  ton  milled: 

Mining 

96.28 

s.                d. 
11              6  41 

95.615 

s.                d. 
11                  39 

95.56 

s.                d. 
10             2  33 

Development 

2              1  29 

1             4  26 

0           11  82 

Tramming,  crushing  and  sorting 
Milling  

0             6.73 
2             4  55 

0             6.98 
2                  44 

0             7.01 
2              1  53 

Cvaniding  sands  

1                  18 

1                  34 

1                  84 

Cyaniding  slimes  

0             4  70 

0             4  30 

0             5  15 

Gen.  mine  charges  

0             4  48 

0             4  31 

0             3  26 

Gen.  charges  

0             6  48 

0             5  87 

0             6  26 

Total  

18           10  82 

17             2  89 

16             2  20 

Yield  per  ton  

27           11  91 

29             3  53 

29             9  73 

Costs 

18           10  82 

17             2  89 

16             2  20 

Working  profit  .    . 

9              1  09 

12                  64 

13             7  53 

Development,  feet  

12,052 

7,245 

Grade  ore  reserves  

6.  83  dwt.  50.1  in. 

6  .  79  dwt.  54  .  5  in. 

7.  16  dwt.  48.  8  in. 

See  also  Appendix,  page  386 


288 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


WITWATERSRAND  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD 

TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


Production:    Gold,  ounces 

Total  revenue 

Working  expenses 

Working  profit 

Total  profit  after  sundry  revenue 

Mine :  Tons  mined 

Per  cent,  waste  sorted  out 

Mill :  Tons  crushed 

No.  stamps  working 

Stamp  duty 

Total  ounces  gold 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt 

Cyanide  :  Tons  sand  treated 

Total  yield  gold,   oz 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Value,  dwt.,  before  treatment 

Extraction,  per  cent 

Tons  slime  treated 

Total  yield  gold,  oz 

Yield  per  ton  treated,  dwt 

Yield  per  ton  milled,  dwt 

Value  before  treatment 

Extraction,  per  cent 

Total  extraction,  sand  and  slime,  per  cent 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining 

Development 

Hoisting 

Pumping 

Transport,  of  ore 

Ore  sorting  and  crushing 

Milling 

Cyaniding  sands  and  slimes 

General  exp.,  mine 

General  exp.,  head  office 

Total  cost. 

Summary  of  results  per  ton:  Total  recovery,  dwt. 

Value  recovery  mill 

Value  recovery  cyanide  sand 

Value  recovery  cyanide  slime 

Total  recovery 

Costs 

Working  profit 


128,555 
£564,826 
£336,076 


£210,750 

£231,394 

566,827 

20.55 

457,850 

220 

6.11 

80,322 

3.509 

319,570 

40,885 

2.559 

1.786 

3.254 

78.64 

138,040 

7,347 

1.065 

.321 

1.301 

81.86 

79.10 

Shillings 

7.102 

1.203 

1.113 

.373 

.156 

.508 

1.363 

1.319 

.591 

.952 


14.680 
5.616 

14.927s. 
7.596 
1.363 


23.886 
14 . 680 


9.206 


TRANSVAAL 


289 


THE  WOLHUTER  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
TRANSVAAL,  SOUTH  AFRICA 
Year  Ended  Oct.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces 

114,937   " 

109,235 

Gross  production 

£480,993 

£456,966 

£388  085 

Total  expenses 

301,503 

284,802 

265  530 

Working  profit  
Tons  mined  

£179,490 
396,895 

£172,164 
436,049 

£122,554 

Per  cent,  sorted  out  

12.496 

21.09 

Mill: 

Tons  milled  
No  stamps  
Stamp  duty  tons,  24  hours  
Value  rock,  dwt  
Yield,  ounces  

347,050 
120 
8.645 
7.002 
78,065 

344,015 
120 
8.467 
6.71 
73,618 

304,360 
120 
7.622 
6.56 

Yield  per  ton,  dwt  
Extraction,  per  cent  

4.499 
64  .  253 

4.28 
63.757 

3.905 

Cyanides  : 

Sands  treated,  tons  
Slimes  treated,  tons  .  .  . 

206,100 
140,550 

226,265 
117,750 

Yield,  oz.  by  cyanide  

36,871 

35,617 

Yield,  dwt.  per  ton  
Total  extraction,  per  cent  

Costs  per  ton  (milled)  : 
Mining 

2.125 
94.6 

s.                d. 
8             6  684 

2.071 
94.607 

s.           d. 
7         7  999 

2.187 
92.866 

s.           d. 
8         1  581 

Pumping  and  haul 

1               .985 

0         9  601 

0       10  098 

Tram.  sort,  and  crush  
Milling  
Development  
Cyaniding  sand  ,  
Cyaniding  slimes 

0           10.385 
2             5.460 
2              1.511 
1              1.172 
0             3  804 

0       11.372 
2         2  .  706 
2         6.493 
1          1.036 
0         4  157 

0       11.899 
2         6.466 
2         4.748 
1         2.914 
0         4  640 

Mine  charge  . 

0             3  620 

0         4  505 

0         3  815 

Gen'l  charges  

0             6  .  882 

0         6.821 

0         7  220 

Total 

17             4  503 

16         6  690 

17             c    qoi 

Yield  per  ton  
Costs  

£1        7       8.628 
17       4  503 

£1  6  6.799d. 
16  6  690 

£1     5s.    6.02d. 
17       T   381 

Working  profit  

10s.       4  125 

10s       .  109d 

8s       639d 

Development,  feet  
Grade  ore  reserves  

10,539 
6.48  dwt.  50.  7  in 

12,888 
6.45  dwt.  51.6  in 

See  also  Appendix,  page  386 


1!) 


ASIA,  AUSTRALIA 

AND 
NEW  ZEALAND 


20°    p30'    40° 


50°    C 


6U°D  Longitude    EfO'-Eaet      from  F     80  Greenwich  Q 


1.  Mysore  District  -2. 

(Kolar) 
4.  Spassky  5.  Kosaka 


140°   150°J   160°  170°  K 


0        200      400      600     800 

important  towns  are  shown 

In  heavy  face  type,  ^ 


>ul  District  3.  Kyshtim 

6.  Ashio  7.  Besshi 


ASIA 


INDIA 

CHAMPION  REEF  GOLD  MINING  CO.  OF  INDIA,  LTD. 

MYSORE  STATE,  So.  INDIA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1911 


1910i 


121  112  5 

113  540  6 

Val.  gold  
Tot.  rev.  less  roy  

£468,290  16s. 
£448,416  10s. 

£441,255  Us. 
£423,884  10s. 

Total  expense 

£280,236     8s. 

£293  844     4s. 

Total  profit 

£168  180 

£130  040     6s. 

Tons  ore  mined  
Tons  waste  sorted  
Tons  milled  
Yield  per  ton,  milled  
Tons  tails,  cyanided  

253,668 
48,499 
205,169 
8  dwt.  .  10  gr. 
195,118 

228,174 
41,494 
186,680 
8  dwt.  .  15  gr. 
171,870 

Yield  per  ton 

1  dwt    18  gr 

2  dwt      0  gr 

Assay  of  tails 

0  dwt     22  gr 

0  dwt     21  gr 

Tons  old  tails   cyanided 

92  849 

80  910 

Yield  per  ton  

1  dwt      13  gr 

1  dwt     12  gr. 

Assay  of  tails  

1  dwt      10  gr 

1  dwt     18  gr. 

Total  ext.  tons  milled  
Costs  per  ton  milled: 
Mining 

10  dwt.     19  gr. 
s.               d. 
18             3  72 

11  dwt.      4  gr. 
s.               d. 
21             1  56 

Milling 

2             5  88 

2             9  48 

Cy  aniding  tailings  

1              8  76 

2            10  20 

General  mine  expense  

3             3  60 

3             3  72 

General  expense. 

0             9  00 

0            10  20 

Total  

26             6  96 

30           11   16 

Development,  feet  

17986' 

19265 

Number  stamps  operating  

142 

154 

1  All  tonnages  in  1910  based  on  long  ton  of  2240  Ib.     Other  year  based  on  2000-lb.  ton 

The  vein  is  irregular  in  width,  varying  from  1  ft.  to  10  ft.  The  ore  is 
gold-bearing  quartz  with  comparatively  high  and  regular  value.  The 
mine  is  operated  by  incline  shafts  to  a  depth  of  about  3765  ft.  Dip  of  vein 
70  deg.  The  milling  plant  contains  160  stamps.  The  ore  is  crushed  to 
40  mesh,  amalgamated,  sized  and  the  sands  and  slimes  cyanided.  An  old 
tailings  dump  is  being  worked  in  a  separate  cyanide  plant.  Electric  power 
is  used.  Coolie  labour  predominates.  A  total  of  6819  men  were  on  the 
pay  roll  during  Sept.,  1911. 

See  Appendix,  page  395 

293 


294 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


MYSORE  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

MARIKUPPAM,  MYSORE  STATE,  INDIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gross  production  
Total  costs  

£852,802 
347,033 

£896,651     13s. 
355  341       5 

Profits  
Tons  ore  milled  

513,845 
299,660 

494,794     19 
291,477 

Assay  value 

15  dwt         8  gr 

15  dwt      17  gr 

Mill  recovery 

12                 10 

12               19 

Tons  tails  cyanided 

247  340 

233  214 

Cyanide  recovery  

2  dwt        1  gr 

2  dwt        3  gr 

Total  recovery  

14                 4 

14               22 

Contents  of  tails  from  cyanide 

0              21 

0               19 

Costs  per  ton  milled  : 

Mining  
Milling  

15s.     9.57d. 
2        2.76 

16s.       8.16d. 
2          3.24 

Cyaniding 

1        2   16 

1          372 

General  mine  expenses  

3        4.80 

3          516 

General  expenses 

0        6  48 

0        1140 

22s.     5.77d. 

24s.       7.68d. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  387  and  395 

OOREGUM  GOLD  MINING  CO.  OF  INDIA,  LTD. 

PROVINCE  OF  MYSORE,  INDIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gross  production  

£327,702  19s. 

£341,683  7s. 

Total  expenses  

£177,963  16 

£187,281  5 

Profits  

£154,534  18 

£154,402  2 

Tons  ore  milled  .    .  . 

145,558 

152,545 

Mill  recovery  

9  dwt.  12  gr. 

9  dwt.    9  57  gr. 

Tons  tails  cyanided  
Cyanide  recovery  
Total  recovery  

139,476 
2  dwt.     1  gr. 

138,998 
1  dwt.  20.33  gr. 
11  dwt.    5.9    gr. 

Costs  per  ton  milled: 

Mining  . 

s.               d. 
16             6  12 

s.            d. 

16         6  48 

Milling.  . 

2              1  80 

2         1  56 

Cyaniding  

1             9.24 

1         6.00 

Gen.  mine  expense  
Mine  administration  „ 
Gen.  expense  

2             2.16 
1              1.23 
0             8.64 

1         7.32 
1         0.60 
0         8.64 

£1    3             5.19 

£1      4         6.60 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  387  and  395 


INDIA 


295 


NUNDYDROOG     COMPANY,  LTD. 
OORGAUM,  SOUTH  INDIA 


Year  ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production : 

Gold,  ounces 

Value  realised 

Value  realised,  after  allow  | 

ing  for  royalties,  rents, 

int.  and  disc. 
Expenditures 


Profit 

Mill: 

Ore  reed,  from  mine,  tons 

Waste  sorted,  tons 

Tons  ore  milled 

Fine  gold  obtained 

Fine  silver  obtained 

Fine  gold  yield  per  xton .  . 

Assay  trailing 

Extraction,  per  cent 

Cyanide  works: 

Sand  slimes  and  residue 

treat.,  tons. 
Average  charge  assay. . . . 

Extraction 

Extraction,  per  cent .... 
Recovery  fine  gold,  oz .  . . 
Recovery  fine  silver,  oz.. 
Cyanide  consumption, 

Ib. 
Total     extraction 

gold. 
Total      extraction 

gold  ore  milled. 
Total     production 

gold,  oz. 

Cost  per  ton  (milled) 
Mining  (approx.) .  . 
Milling  (approx.) . . 
Cyanide  (approx.) . 


bar 


fine 


bar 


Total    min.,mill.     and 
general  costs. 

No.  stamps  operating 

Duty   of  stamps    (short  .  . 
tons). 

Development,  feet 

Water  pumped,  gallons.  . .  . 


85,096 
£330,937  14s.  7d. 
313,128  17   1 

87,260 
£339,243   4s.  8d. 
320,788  12   2 

86,110 
£334,748  11s.  3d. 
319,410   1   0 

140,159  18   4 

140,002  15   10 

153,813  17   5 

£172,968  18s.  9d. 
108  656 

£180,785  16s.  4d. 
115  962 

£165,596  3s.   7d. 

8,104 
100  552 

13,090 
102  872 

101,920 

71,653 
7,964 
14  dwt.   6  gr. 
2  dwt.  20  gr. 
83 

72,856 
8,299 
14  dwt.    4  gr. 
2  dwt.   23  gr. 
83 

72,755 

14  dwt.  6  gr. 
2  dwt.  20  gr. 

95,662 

101,936 

87,805 

2  dwt.  14  gr. 
1  dwt.   9  gr. 
50.32 
6,443 
929.87 
.561 

2  dwt.   16  gr. 
1  dwt.  10  gr. 
53.12 
7,262.87 
1,145.08 
.561 

2  dwt.  19  gr. 
1  dwt.  10  gr. 
50.7 
6,322 
801.98 
.588 

17  dwt.  13  gr. 

17  dwt.  13  gr. 

19  dwt.  15  gr. 

15  dwt.  15  gr 

15  dwt.  14  gr. 

15  dwt.  16  gr. 

87,719 

90,174 

88,729 

19.2s. 

1.87 
1.30 

18.5s. 
2.06 
1.35 

21.05s. 
2.30 
1.65 

£1  6s.  9d. 

£1  5s.  lOd. 

£1  9s.  Od. 

78.25 
3.51 

82 
3.59 

80 
3.58 

12,943 
135,408,000 

12,096 
129,748,000 

11,740 
170,433,000 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  387  and  395 


JAPAN 


THE  FUJITA  COMPANY 
OSAKA,  JAPAN 


Operating:    Kosaka  Copper  Mine,  Zuiho  Gold  Mine,  Omori  Copper  Mine. 
These  mines  produce  the  following  percentages  of  Japan's  total  output : 
Silver  30.66  per  cent.,  copper  18.91  and  gold  12.70. 


Kosaka  Copper  Mine 

1910 

1909 

1908 

Gold,  ounces  

13,180 

11,109 

10,900 

Silver,  ounces  

1,282,290 

1,048,632 

1,127,000 

Copper,  tons 

6  797 

6  851 

7  572 

Lead,  tons  

714 

512 

378 

The  ores  occur  in  three  classes  with  the  following  compositions: 


Complex 
sulphides 

Pyrite 
ore 

Silicious 
ore 

Gold 

00013 

00002 

00001 

Silver 

0141 

0041 

0027 

Copper  

2.43 

2.34 

1.97 

Lead 

2  28 

47 

26 

Iron. 

15  64 

26  83 

19  44 

Zinc  .... 

9  80 

3  15 

1  48 

SiO2.... 

8  11 

13  72 

41  47 

A1203  
BaSO4  
S  

6.96 
30.35 
22.71 

7.58 
12.13 
31.93 

6.80 
5.37 
21.81 

This  mine  was  worked  originally  as  a  silver  mine,  the  oxidized  surface 
ores  being  treated.  The  ore-deposit  is  composed  of  pyrite,  zinc  blende, 
chalcopyrite,  galena  and  barite.  The  area  of  deposit  opened  to  date  is 
2000  ft.  long,  800  ft.  wide  by  500  ft.  deep.  The  ores  are  mixed  so  as  to  be- 
come self -fluxing.  Mining  is  now  carried  on  by  surface  quarry  system  similar 
to  that  used  at  Mt.  Lyell  in  Tasmania,  and  Rio  Tinto,  Spain.  Ore  is  worked 
in  terraces.  Over-burden  to  be  removed  equals  4,000,000  cu.  yd.  The 
pit  is  2200  ft.  by'  1000  ft.  The  slopes  of  the  sides  average  45  deg.  Ore  is 
broken  down  by  blasting  and  trammed  by  electricity  to  the  smelter.  The 
underground  tunnels  of  the  former  method  of  working  are  used  in  transport- 
ing the  ore.  The  average  tonnage  mined  daily  is  1000  tons,  and  from  1000 
to  1800  cu.  yd.  of  over-burden. 

The  smelter  consists  of  seven  blast  furnaces  of  1000  tons  each  capacity. 
A  self-fluxing  charge  is  obtained  by  mixing  the  three  ores.  Not  more  than 
3  per  cent,  (of  the  charge)  fuel  is  used.  The  first  matte  of  30  per  cent, 
is  resmelted  to  a  50  per  cent,  matte,  then  it  is  converted  by  English  rever- 
beratory  furnaces  into  blister  copper.  A  Bessemer  plant  is  now  being 

296 


JAPAN  297 

erected.     The  copper  is  then  refined  at  the  property.     Some  lead  is  also 
obtained  and  treated  by  the  Parks'  process. 

Electricity  is  the  sole  motive  power  used.  It  is  generated  from  four 
hydro-electric  stations,  3800  h.p.  being  generated. 

OMORI  MINE,  PROVINCE  OF  IWAMI,  JAPAN 

The  Omori  Mine  is  situated  in  a  mountainous  region  in  the  province  of 
Iwami  in  the  northwest  of  Hondo,  near  the  coast  of  the  Japan  Sea,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  discovered  some  600  years  ago.  In  1884  the  Fujita  Co. 
came  into  control  and  the  property  was  equipped  with  a  modern  installment. 
The  district  is  composed  of  tuffs  and  sandstones  interspersed  with  andesite 
containing  ore.  The  ore-deposit  consists  of  fissure  veins  running  parallel 
to  one  another.  Dip  70  deg.  to  80  deg.  Some  of  the  veins  are  2000  ft.  in 
length.  Five  veins  are  worked. 

The  ores  are  principally  chalcopyrite,  galena  and  zinc  blende,  containing 
gold  and  silver.  An  analysis  of  the  ore  is  as  follows: 

Gold 0014  per  cent. 

Silver 056    per  cent. 

Copper 7 .75      per  cent. 

Lead 80      per  cent. 

The  method  of  mining  is  stoping,  ore  removed  by  adits  and  shafts  and 
hoisting  done  by  a  skip  driven  by  a  water  wheel.  The  water,  which  accumu- 
lates to  the  extent  of  35  cu.  ft.  a  minute,  is  drained  off  by  electric  pump 
from  the  depth  of  500  ft. 

The  ore  after  being  cobbed  and  picked  is  mechanically  dressed  by  breakers, 
rolls,  trommels,  giggers,  etc.  The  ore  with  requisite  amount  limestone  and 
coke  is  smelted  in  an  ordinary  jacketed  circular  furnace,  and  the  matte 
formed  from  this  partial  pyritic  smelting,  after  calcination  in  stalls,  is  once 
more  smelted,  forming  blister  copper  containing  gold,  silver  and  lead. 
This  last  operation  is  carried  out  according  to  the  Japanese  Mabuki  process. 
The  company  has  made  the  following  production  for  1908,  1909  and  1910: 

1910 i 1909 | 1908 


Ore  mined,  tons  

28,613 

26,516 

22,500 

Production: 

Gold,  ounces 

2  251 

2  155 

1,694 

Silver,  ounces 

98  684 

82,857 

96,764 

Copper,  tons  

367 

350 

315 

Lead,  tons  

2 

3 

4 

The  blister  copper  is  shipped  to  the  Kosaka  where  it  is  refined  electrically. 
There  are  three  different  kinds  of  motive  power,  viz., 

Steam 823  h.p.     Electricity.  .  .' .  .  .255  h.p.     Water 188  h.p. 

Altogether  682  miners  are  employed,  291  working  below  and  391  above  the 
surface. 


298  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

ZUIHO  GOLD  MINE 
ISLAND  OF  FORMOSA,  JAPAN 
The  company  has  made  the  following  production  for  the  years  given  below. 


1910 

1909 

1908 

Ore  mined,  tons  

23,541 

23,143 

28  411 

Production  : 
Gold,  ounces 

11  216 

8  920 

9  047 

Silver,  ounces  

4,704 

3,742 

4,177 

The  Zuiho  Gold  Mine  is  situated  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Island  of  For- 
mosa near  the  coast,  about  8  miles  east  of  Keelung,  from  which  port  pro- 
visions and  other  necessaries  can  be  easily  obtained.  It  is  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Kinkaseki  and  the  Botanko  mines.  As  soon  as  Formosa  came  into 
possession  of  Japan,  the  Fujita  Co.  opened  up  a  gold  mine  in  Zuiho  in  1895, 
and  by  adopting  the  most  improved  foreign  system  of  mining  and  metallurgy, 
proved  that  mining  in  the  new  territory  was  a  lucrative  business,  and  that 
the  country  was  rich  in  untouched  mineral  wealth. 

The  geological  formation  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Zuiho  Mine  is  of  Tertiary 
formation,  andesite  alternating  with  a  bed  of  sedimentary  rocks.  The  gold 
veins  occur  on  the  contact  between  these  rocks.  Six  workable  veins  have 
been  discovered  varying  from  2  to  3  ft.  thick,  about  300  ft.  in  length.  The 
ore  is  silicious,  containing  a  small  percentage  of  pyrite  and  sulphides.  Some 
of  the  ore  is  clayey  and  difficult  to  classify.  The  analysis  is  as  follows: 
Gold  .0016  per  cent.,  silver  .001  per  cent.,  SiO2  66.59  per  cent. 

The  method  of  mining  is  over-hand  stoping.  Property  is  operated  by 
shafts  and  winzes.  Ore  is  transported  to  mill  on  aerial  tramway.  Ore  is 
crushed,  re-ground  in  Huntington  Mill  and  amalgamated  at  the  same  time. 

Sand  and  slimes  are  separated  by  classifiers  or  tables.  The  sand  is  treated 
in  leaching  vats  by  Butters-and-Mein  distributors  and  slimes  are  treated  by 
decantation  process,  agitation  being  effected  either  by  Stirrer  or  centrifugal 
pump.  Cyanide  solution  is  treated  in  zinc  boxes  with  zinc  shavings.  The 
entire  property  is  equipped  with  steam  and  water  power  and  electricity  for 
lighting  purposes.  331  men  are  employed,  176  underground  and  155  on  the 
surface. 

MITSU  BISHI  CO. 
TOKYO,  JAPAN 

This  company  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  empire.  It  carries  on  an  ex- 
tensive banking,  mining,  ship-building,  engineering  and  general  business. 
Its  mines  are  varied  in  character,  including  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper  and 
coal.  The  company's  report  gives  only  general  information  and  no  operat- 
ing costs.  It  is  likely  the  following  data  on  the  several  metal  mines  will  be 
of  interest. 


JAPAN  299 

Osaruzawa  Mine. — This  property,  one  of  the  principal  copper  mines  of 
Japan,  is  located  near  Hanawa,  Kazuno  District,  Akita  Prefecture. 

The  ores  are  chalcopyrite,  chalcocite,  bornite  and  native  copper  occurring 
in  numerous  fissure  veins  in  a  Tertiary  formation  consisting  of  shale  and  tuff 
intruded  with  quartz-trachyte  and  andesite.  The  veins  vary  from  1  ft. 
to  10  ft.  in  width  and  from  3  to  4  per  cent,  copper  content.  Over-hand 
stoping  is  carried  on.  The  mine  is  opened  by  adit  levels,  there  being  about 
110,000ft.  of  development.  The  mine  produces  about  8000  tons  of  ore  per 
month,  employing  1780  hands  at  the  property.  The  mine  has  its  "dressing 
plant"  and  smelter.  All  machinery  is  electrically  driven. 

Following  is  annual  producti6n  for  3  years. 


Gold,  ounces 

Silver,  ounces 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

541.3 
308.6 
417.9 

19,505.0 
31,298.9 
38,345.9 

1,284.269 
1,574.645 
2,295.607 

Arakawa  Mine. — Located  in  Sempoku  District,  Akita  Prefecture.  The 
ores  occur  in  lodes  numbering  10  in  all.  The  grade  of  ore  seldom  runs 
above  2  per  cent,  copper.  The  mine  is  operated  through  adit  levels  and 
shafts  to  a  depth  of  800  ft.  to  1000  ft.  The  workable  length  of  the  lodes 
is  from  1000  ft.  to  4000  ft. 

The  mine  produces  about  5500  tons  of  ore  per  month  turning  out  90  tons 
of  copper  slabs  assaying  99  per  cent.  The  mine  and  plants  employ  1900 
hands. 

ANNUAL  OUTPUT  (INCLUDING  THE  HISAICHI  BRANCH  MINE) 


Silver,  ounces 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

20,792.0 
43,126.0 

48,890.5 

1,392.66 
1,858.10 
2,082.79 

Hisaichi  Mine. — Located  in  Nakagawa  Village  about  5  miles  southeast 
of  Arakawa  mine. 

The  same  geological  and  general  conditions  are  found  here  as  at  the 
Arakawa  mine.  Seven  cupriferous  lodes  exist  of  which  the  two  largest  are 
operated  by  shaft  500  ft.  deep.  The  ore  is  argentiferous  chalcopyrite, 
the  copper  content  being  about  3  per  cent.  Men  employed,  680. 

The  output  of  ore  is  4500  tons  per  month.  The  smeltery  treats  1200 
tons  from  which  84  tons  of  copper  slabs  assaying  98  per  cent,  are  won. 

Takara  Mine.' — Located  in  Minami  Tsuru  District,  Yamanashi  Prefecture. 

The  formation  is  slate  and  quartzite  intruded  by  diorite.  The  ore- 
deposit  occurs  in  the  former,  taking  a  massive  structure.  The  ore  is  pyrite 
carrying  copper.  The  upper  levels  show  5  to  6  per  cent,  copper,  but  the 
ore  becomes  poor  with  depth.  As  a  pyrite  producer  the  mine  has  value. 


300 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


The  output  is  12,000  tons  per  year  which  is  marketed  for  sulphuric-acid 
manufacture. 

Sado  Mine.' — Located  near  the  town  of  Aikawa  on  an  island  province 
in  Japan  Sea,  some  32  miles  off  the  coast  of  Echigo. 

There  are  three  main  parallel  lodes.  The  principal  one  has  a  length  of 
8000  ft.  and  a  width  of  10  ft.  to  120  ft.;  the  second,  a  length  of  6300  ft.  and 
width  of  5  ft.  to  50  ft.;  the  third,  a  length  of  1900  ft.  and  width  5  ft.  to  30  ft. 
The  ores  comprise  native  gold,  argentite  and  chalcopyrite  in  company  with 
galena  and  blende.  An  assay  shows  the  average  of  the  ores  to  be,  gold 
.276  oz.  and  5.29  oz.  silver  =  $8.70  approximately. 

There  are  three  shafts  which  develop  the  mine  to  a  depth  of  1000  ft., 
with  a  total  of  underground  workings  of  about  100,000  ft.  The  milling 
plant  consists  of  up-to-date  devices  including  stamps,  cyanide  plant  and 
electrical  power  equipment. 

The  discovery  of  the  mine  dates  back  350  years.  It  was  known  as  the 
"Gold  Mine  of  Sado"  and  was  a  household  word. 

ANNUAL  OUTPUT 


Gold,  ounces 

Silver,  ounces 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

14,033.0 
16,252.7 
15,411.4 

97,789.9 
145,329.9 
140,982.2 

4.088 
1.251 

Omodani  Mine.— Located  in  Kami-Anama  Village,  Ono  District,  Fukui 
Prefecture. 

"The  geological  formation  of  the  mine  consists  of  sandstone  and  quartz- 
porphyry,  the  latter  of  which  impregnates  the  ore-deposit,  occurring  in 
the  structure  of  true  veins.  The  deposit  parted  by  the  Omodani  River 
running  through  the  concession  forms  two  main  divisions,  but  one  of  them 
is  considered  unpromising;  the  operations  are  chiefly  confined  to  the  other." 
There  are  numberless  ore  stringers  averaging  1  ft.  in  width;  they  are  un- 
reliable in  development  so  that  great  difficulty  is  experienced.  Some  of 
the  veins  are  high-grade,  while  others  are  low-grade.  Both  types  are  being 
operated.  The  ores  are  argentiferous  chalcopyrite,  bornite,  tetrahedrite 
and  native  copper.  Assays  go  10.6  per  cent,  copper  and  .045  per  cent, 
silver  on  an  average.  A  monthly  average  of  1154  tons  of  ore  with  23  tons 
of  97.5  per  cent,  copper  slabs  are  turned  out.  400  men  are  employed. 
Annual  production  is  as  follows: 


Silver,  ounces 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

30,478.2 
30,799.7 
40,489.7 

203.1 
196.2 
253.2 

The  irregularity  of  production  is  due  to  nature  of  veins. 


JAPAN  301 

Ikuno  Mine. — Located  close  to  the  town  of  Ikuno,  Hyogo  Prefecture. 
The  property  has  an  enormous  acreage  made  of  eight  lots  of  concessions. 
It  is  one  of  the  ancient  mines  of  Japan.  The  geological  formation  is  andesite- 
propylite,  tuff  and  quartz-trachyte.  There  are  a  number  of  rich  gold  and 
silver  bearing  lodes  varying  in  length  from  600  ft.  to  4000  ft.,  and  in  width 
from  a  few  inches  to  40  ft.  There  is  also  a  rich  copper  lode  with  a  length  of 
over  10,000  ft.  and  width  from  8  to  10  ft. 

The  veins  of  the  several  lots  are  worked  independently.  The  mines  are 
equipped  with  mills,  smelter  and  hydro-electric  power  plant. 

Kanayama  Mine. — This  mine  is  dependent  upon  Ikuno.  It  is  located 
on  the  island  of  Shikoku  across  the  Inland  Sea  in  the  Kita  District. 

The  ore-deposit  is  a  bed  of  cupriferous  pyrite  in  Archean  chlorite  schist. 
Workable  length  3000  ft.  with  an  erratic  width  of  a  few  inches  to  10  ft.  A 
monthly  output  of  950  tons  assaying  3.3  per  cent,  copper  and  40  per  cent, 
sulphur  is  maintained  and  sent  to  Ikuno  for  treatment. 

Yoshioka  Mine. — The  mine  is  located  around  Fukiya-machi,  Kawakami 
District,  Okayama  Prefecture. 

The  formation  is  slate,  sandstone  and  phyllite,  with  intrusions  of  por- 
phyrite  and  quartz-porphyry.  The  ore-deposit  is  divided  into  two1 — one  oc- 
curring in  the  sedimentary  strata,  growing  richer  with  depth,  and  the  other 
impregnated  in  the  metamorphic  slate  in  the  contact  zone  of  the  Palaeozoic 
rocks  and  porphyrite.  The  former  takes  the  form  of  true  fissure  veins  of 
varying  strikes,  dips  and  widths,  the  last  being  from  a  thin  seam  to  12  ft. 
The  latter  deposit  is  irregular  and  massive. 

The  ore  is  chiefly  chalcopyrite  associated  with  galena  and  blende.  Copper 
content,  3  to  8  per  cent.  There  are  eight  levels  and  cross-cuts  with  a  total 
of  135,000  ft.  The  main  gallery  is  39,193  ft.  long. 

The  monthly  production  of  ore  averages  7000  tons.  The  slabs  from  the  re- 
finery assay  98.802  per  cent. copper,. 0003  per  cent,  gold  and. 266  per  cent,  silver. 

The  annual  production  is  as  follows: 


|            Gold,  ounces 

Silver,  ounces 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

168.82 
122.43 
128.37 

54,886.5 
72,443.6 
67,598.6 

822.714 
852.601 
778.794 

Makimine  Mine. — Located  in  Kitakata,  Higash-Usuki  District,  Miyazak 
Prefecture. 

The  formation  consists  of  slate  interstratified  with  sandstone  and  capped 
with  lava.  The  veins,  of  which  there  are  nine  main  ones,  occur  in  the  strata 
and  are  lenticular  in  form,  attaining  a  width  from  10  to  20  ft.  and  30  ft.  to 
150  ft.  in  length.  The  ore  is  cupriferous  pyrite  averaging  4  per  cent,  copper. 
Adit  levels  aggregate  20,306  ft.  and  two  stopes  measure  1000  ft.  and  310 
ft.  The  mine  and  plants  are  supplied  with  electricity  from  a  hydro-electric 
plant. 


302 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


The  monthly  production  is  2570  tons,  which  produce  44,600  kg.  of  slabs 
assaying  98.7  per  cent,  copper,  .02.  per  cent,  gold  and  .27  per  cent,  silver. 
630  employees. 

ANNUAL  PRODUCTION 


j          Gold,  kilograms 

Silver,  kilograms 

Copper,  tons 

1908 
1909 
1910 

10.4 
10.47 
9.11 

138.86 
158.23 
113.04 

545.59 
516.50 
486.01 

Togi  Mine.— Located  at  Togi,  Hakui  District,  Ishikawa  Prefecture. 
The  formation  is  andesite  in  which  a  group  of  veins  occur.  They  are  irreg- 
ular in  dip  and  strike  and  vary  in  width  from  .5  ft.  to  6  ft.  The  ore  bears 
native  gold  and  silver  sulphide  assaying  .012  per  cent,  gold  and\04  percent, 
silver.  The  property  is  new  and  under  course  of  development.  The  past 
6  months  (1910),  the  output  totalled  3000  tons  from  which  were  obtained 
38.166  kg.  gold  and  78.782  kg.  silver. 

Osaka  Metallurgical  Works.' — The  works  are  located  at  Shin,  Kawasaki, 
Kita-kuosaka.  This  plant  refines  the  slab  copper  from  the  company's 
numerous  mines.  The  feature  of  the  plant  is  its  thoroughly  modern  electro- 
refinery. 

An  assay  of  the  ingots  by  the  Bank  of  England  is  as  follows: 

Lead 014 

Arsenic 01 

Oxygen 05 

Copper 99.89 

Loss 36 

Sulphur Tr. 

Silver '. 1  oz.  per  ton  of  2240  Ib . 

The  plant  is  equipped  with  modern  steam  and  electric-  power  appliances, 
has  15  furnaces  of  various  descriptions,  and  is  capable  of  turning  out  1000 
tons  of  electrolytic  copper  per  month. 

ANNUAL  OUTPUT 

1908 825.9            17,105.6              4,905,136.4            976,291.5 

1909 1944.9            18,955.8              6,467,307.6            980,880.0 

1910 1692.9           20,377.9              7,264,029.1                  97,438.7  1,289,392.5 

SUMITOMO  BESSHI  COPPER  MINE 
BESSHI,  IYO,  JAPAN 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1911 

1910 

$1  938  154  78 

$1  857  324  00 

Pounds   copper  proceeds 

15  925  080 

14,725  568 

Tons  ore  treated 

208,508 

203,145 

Average  copper  content 

4  per  cent. 

4  per  cent. 

Average  recovery  

80  per  cent. 

85  per  cent. 

Cost  per  ton  estimated  $7  to  $8. 


KOREA 

KAPSAN  MINING  CONCESSIONS 

SEOUL,    KOREA 
Report  of   Sept.  24,  1912 

The  mine  has  developed  140,000  tons  of  ore,  averaging  10 . 5  per  cent,  cop- 
per. The  company  contemplated  building  a  smelter  of  100  tons'  daily 
capacity.  The  following  figures  of  costs  and  profits  are  based  upon  this 
tonnage. 

Annual  production -. 3780  tons  cu. 

Value  at  present  quotation £263,250 

Working  cost .  £99,000 

Net  value £164,250 

Less  10  per  cent,  smelting  loss £137,925 

When  copper  is  £69  12s.  lOd.  per  ton. 

Ore  value  per  ton £7    6s.  3d. 

Estimated  costs £2  15s.  Od. 

Net  value £4  11s.  3d. 

SUMMARY  OF  TOTAL 

Probable  ore  reserve,  tons 140,000 

Average  grade,  copper 10.5  per  cent. 

Gross  value £1,023,752 

Net  value '.  .  .  £536,377 

Estimated  cost  of  smelter £60,000 

The  deposit  is  a  replacement  of  lime  with  a  varied  width  averaging  be- 
tween 25  ft.  and  30  ft.     The  dip  of  the  body  is  30  deg.     The  ore  is  a  massive 
pyrrhotite  containing  chalcopyrite  and  arsenical  pyrites. 
Following  is  a  typical  analysis  of  the  ore. 

Per  cent. 

Moisture 30 

Silica 60 

Sulphur 41.78 

Iron 39. 10 

Copper 11.80 

Aluminum  oxide 1 . 80 

Arsenic '. 2.75 

Lime 50 

Magnesia .37 

Undetermined ...  1 . 00 


100.00 
See  also  Appendix,  page  387 

303 


304 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


ORIENTAL  CONSOLIDATED  MIN.  CO. 
UNSAU  DISTRICT,  KOREA,  ASIA 

Year  Ended  June  30 
Values  in  U.  S.  Currency 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Total  receipts 

$1  562  109  77 

1  541  346 

$1  434  494 

Total  operating  costs 

864  490  98 

839  858 

780  258 

Total  operating  and  profit  
Construction  and  development 

$697,618.79 
45,092  00 

701,488 
28  768 

654,236 
30  559 

Net  receipts  
Total  value  ore  
Tonnage  mined  
Value  per  ton  
Bullion  secured 

$652,526.79 
$1,898,518.62 
323,703 
$5.86 
$939  389  96 

672,720 
1,787,628 
344,097 
$5.19 
921  731 

623,677 
1,749,468 
320,707 
$5.45 
885  675 

Bullion  secured,  per  ton  

$2.90 

$2.68 

$2  76 

Gross  value  concentrates 

$767  020  52 

695  880 

646  742 

Net  value  concentrates 

$600  817  18 

581  997 

526  957 

Yield  concentrates  per  ton 

$1  86 

$1  69 

$1  64 

Total  yield,  ton  

$4  76 

4  37 

4  40 

Per  cent,  free-milling  
Per  cent,  gross  saving  
Per  cent,  net  saving  
Value  mill  tails  
Cost  per  ton  :  Mining  
Milling  

49.5 
89.9 
81.1 

$.59 
$1.62 
.50 

51.6 
90.5 
84.1 
.49 
1.41 
.56 

50.6 
87.6 
80.7 
.68 
1.415 
54 

Concentrate  expenses  

.20 

.15 

.13 

Transportation  
General  expenses  

.01 
.36 

.01 
.32 

.015 
.335 

Total  operating  and  general 

$2  69 

2  45 

2  435 

Development  outside  mines  
Construction  expense 

.05 
09 

.02 
06 

.055 
04 

Total  expense  
Profit  per  ton  

$2.83 
$2.03 

2.53 

$1.96 

2.53 

$1  95 

Receipts  per  ton  :  Bullion  from  mills  
Concentrates 

$2.91 
1  86 

2.67 
1  69 

2.75 

1  635 

Store  profit                                 • 

06 

07 

07 

Interest  and  other  receipts 

02 

05 

015 

Profit  on  tribute 

01 

Ore  

01 

01 

Total 

$4  86 

4  49 

4  48 

Number  of  stamps  5  mills  

240 

240 

240 

Duty  per  stamp  24  hours  

4.5 

4.2 

4.3 

KOREA 


305 


SEOUL  MINING  COMPANY 

HWANG  HAI  PROVINCE,  KOREA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

U.  S.  Currency 


1911 


1910 


Gross  production $550,272 

Total  expense 211,268 

Total  profit 339,004 

Mine  and  mill: 

Tons  ore  milled 70,229 

Average  value  recovered $7 . 83 

Average  profit  per  ton $4 . 82 

First  class  ore  shipped,  tons 

Average  value  per  ton 

Total  costs  per  ton 

Profit  per  ton 

Mill  extraction,  gold,  per  cent 79. 1 

Mill  extraction,  copper,  per  cent 18.4 

Costs  per  ton  ore  milled : 

Mining $1.25 

Milling .62 

Transportation  to  mill .05 

Concentrate  expense .24 

General  expense .85 


Total... 


$3.01 


$369,404 
153,253 
215,151 


32,793 

$9 . 865 

$5.515 

707 

$63.48 
14.91 
48.57 
78.03 
18.32 


$1.76 

1.035 

.05 

.20 

1.305 


$4.350 


See  also  Appendix  page  387 

SIBERIA 

THE  SPASSKY  COPPER  MINE,  LTD. 

SPASSKY  ZAVOD,  SIBERIA,  RUSSIA 

Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1911 


Gross  production 

Siberian  expenses 

Siberian  profit 

Tons  copper  produced 

Tons  ore  smelted 

Tons  ore  mined 

Average  value  ore  smelted 

Mining  costs  per  long  ton. 
Total  costs  per  long  ton. .  . 


£219,787    2s. 

120,785    5 

99,001  16 


Id. 

4 


£0 

1 


2,858 
20,258 
31,302 
14 . 7  per  cent. 

12s. 
9    2.4 


See  also  Appendix,  pages  388  and  395 


AUSTRALIA 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES 

BRITISH  BROKEN  HILL  PROPRIETARY  CO.,  LTD. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  AUSTRALIA 
Half  Year  Ended 

|      Dec.  31,   1912      |      June  30,   1911      |      Dec.   31,   1911 


Total  production  
Total  expenses  
Gross  profit  

£190,561  12s. 
130,864     8 

£98,065    12s.    lid. 
74,591    18         8 
23,473    14         3 

£170,087 
97,739 
72,348 

9s.      5d. 
4       10 
4         7 

Net  profit 

59  697     4 

15  142      5         8 

61,910 

2         1 

Lead  concentration  plant: 
Tons  ore  milled 

103,680 

63,370 

81,001 

Ave.  assay  val.  Ag  oz 

7  3 

7.6 

7.8 

Ave.  assay  val.  Pb  per  cent.. 
Recovery  Ag.  Pb.  Zn  

13.2 

•"-fSi* 

rec. 

14.4   mill 
rec. 

(52.1% 
\  70.5% 

Ave.  assay  val.  Zn  per  cent.  . 
Produced  Ag,  oz  
Produced  Pb,  tons  
Produced  Zn,  tons  

11.7 
363,043 
9,423 
993 

1  
12.8 
252,701 
6,130 
684 

12.7 
332,779 
8,274 
943 

I  

Zinc  concentration  plant  : 
Tons  tails  from  lead  plant... 
Ave.  assay  val  Ag,  oz.. 

49,238 
3  8 

34,845 
3.9 

41,740 
3.7 

Ave.  assay  val.  Pb  per  cent.. 
Recovery  Ag.  Pb.  Zn  

3.9 

"  •»«'{":« 

rec.      f,f. 

3.7  mill 
rec  . 

{79.5% 
75% 

Ave  assay  val.  Zn  per  cent.  . 
Produced  Ag,  oz  
Produced  Pb,  tons  

14.0 
153,053 
1,566 

(  77.2% 
15.3 
98,774 
971 

15.0 
125,118 
1,170 

78  .  6  % 

Produced  Zn,  tons  

5,386 

4,138 

4,939 

Total  Ag   oz 

516,096 

351,475 

457,897 

Total  Pb,  tons 

10,989 

7,101 

9,444 

Total  Zn   tons 

6,379 

4,822 

5,882 

Costs  per  ton  treated  : 

£0  13s    11  Od 

£0  12s      4  49d. 

£0   12s 

4  57d 

Milling 

8        6  72 

8      10  23 

8 

4.47 

Forwarding  expenses 

0        1   10 

General  expenses 

2        6.48 

Total  expenses  

£1     4s.     3.30d. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  388  and  393 

306 


.  •••••••     I   "'Ss^"1**"^ 

cUsJ   Desert -.Rajvlinion^^^ 

,    -"-^-—--^^---H-v^^r"?7^^! \Amaileu»  L. 
/TlLST   R  A  -L-  1  A,..--.|   tfusgravijlani 

j£3tl ;  rt^^  bt^^sd 


AUSTRALIA 

1.  Mount  Morgan 

2.  Cobar  (Mount  Boppy) 

3.  Broken  Hill 

4.  Kalgoorlie 

5.  Coolgardie 

6.  Murchison  Gold  Field 


NEV 

7.  Consolids 

New  Z 
Blackwat 
Progress 

8.  Waihi 
Talismar 


TASMANIA 

9.  Mount  Lyell 

10.  Tasmania  Gold  Mines 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES 


307 


BROKEN  HILL  SOUTH  SILVER  MINING  COMPANY 
BROKEN  HILL,  NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  AUSTRALIA 


•  ' 

6  mos.  ended  Dec.  31, 
1912 

6  mos.  ended  Dec.  31, 
1911 

Mine  production  

£319,535       6s. 

£264,650     12s.       4d. 

Tailings 

76  501       2 

59,035       2          6 

Total                                     

£396,036       8s. 

£323,685     14s.     lOd. 

Expenditures  

174,013     19 

165,262       5          8 

222  022       9s 

£158  423       9s        2d 

Tons  treated 

180  080 

181  790 

Per  cent  lead 

13  7 

14  4 

Lead  contents  (tons) 

24  676 

26  015 

Silver  per  ton,  ounces                          .    . 

6  4 

6  9 

Total  silver,  ounces                       

1,147,569 

1,249,657 

Per  cent,  zinc  
Total  zinc  (tons)  
Concentrates,  tons  

13.8 
24,780 
27,238 

14.1 
25,491 
27,339 

Lead  contents,  tons  

18,755 

19,659 

Silver  contents,  ounces  

617,679 

668,968 

Zinc  contents   tons 

1  695 

1  376 

Tailings  (zinc),  tons 

128  446 

123  969 

Lead  contents,  tons 

3  865 

4  190 

Silver  contents,  ounces  . 

400  581 

452  141 

Zinc  contents,  tons  

20,357 

20  765 

Tailings  quartz,  tons.  .  .'  
Lead  contents,  tons  
Silver  contents,  ounces  

6,735 
160 
14,545 

10,571 
212 
20,375 

Zinc  contents,  tons  
Slimes,  tons 

12 
17  661 

980 
19  941 

Lead  contents,  tons 

1  896 

1  954 

Silver  contents,  ounces 

114  760 

108  173 

Zinc  contents,  tons 

2  214 

2  370 

Costs  :     Mining  

12s.     0.6d 

10s      6  Od 

Mining  filling  depleted  stopes             .      .    . 

1        35 

1        38 

Total 

13        41 

11       98 

Developmental 

2        48 

1       29 

Concentrating  

15        8.9 
3       63 

13       0.7 
3        53 

Cost  per  ton  cone  

19        3.3 

£6       7s.     5d. 

16        6.0 
£5       9s      8  3d 

Price  received  for  lead,  ton. 

19        6        3 

14        17        0 

Price  received  for  silver  . 

2        7i 

2       2*4 

Price  received  for  zinc  

26     8       7 

£26       11      6 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  388  and  393 


308 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GREAT  COBAR,  LTD. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  AUSTRALIA 
Year  Ended  June  30 


1912 

6  months  ending 
June  30,  1911 

Total  production 

£815  952     15s 

£817,434     8s. 

Total  costs 

647,335     12 

715,080     5 

Total  profits  . 

168,617       3 

102,354     3 

Metals  produced: 
Copper,  tons  

6,736.5 

3,347.9                6,304.3 

Gold,  ounces  

37,696 

14,318                   22,330 

Silver,  ounces  
Tons  ore  smelted  : 
Cobar  Mine  

178,938 
271,828 

62,250                 110,406 
143,596                 241,764 

Chesney  Mine  
Peak  Mine  

21,733 
155 

11,907                   33,391 
30                        310 

Cobar  Gold  Mine  

45,778 

23,593                   24,221 

Ore  purchased  

7,030 

46,302                   81,677 

Total     

346,524 

225.428                 381,363 

Value  per  ton  smelted 

26s.     11.16d. 

Costs  per  ton 

27s.     3  2d. 

23          6  72 

Profit  per  ton  

3          4.44 

GRADE  OF  ORE  RESERVES  IN  1912 


Copper  per  cent. 

Gold,  oz. 

Silver,  oz. 

Chesney  Mine 

2  6 

035 

.35 

Cobar  Mine 

2  6 

.05 

.40 

Cobar  Gold  

1.7 

.40 

.35 

General  Notes. — The  mine  is  430  miles  from  Sidney  on  the  Western 
Branch  Railway.  The  ore-bodies  occur  as  lenticular  masses  in  slate.  The 
widths  varying  from  10  ft.  to  100  ft.  In  the  Cobar  mine  the  ore  is  pyrite, 
chalcopyrite,  pyrrhotite  and  magnetite,  massive,  basic  and  disseminated  in 
slate  gangue.  Chesney  mine  the  same.  Cobar  gold  mine  it  is  the  same  but  i 
more  quartz.  Widths  ot  ore-bodies  in  the  Chesney  and  Cobar  gold  are  20  ft. 
to  30  ft.  and  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  respectively. 

The  ore  is  broken  by  over-hand  stoping  and  stopes  filled  by  surface  passes. 
Levels  are  about  130  ft.  apart. 

The  ore  is  drawn  from  the  mines  in  the  proper  proportions  for  bestt 
smelting  mixture.  The  ores  are  bedded  at  i/he  smelter. 

A  700  ton  concentrator  has  been  erected  to  treat  Chesney  ores  and  Cobarr 
Mine  siliceous  ores.  In  addition  the  Minerals  Separation  process  has  beent 
installed  and  the  plant  is  treating  the  tailings  successfully,  making  a  19  pert 
cent,  concentrate  and  an  85  to  90  per  cent,  extraction. 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES 


309 


The  smelting  plant  consists  of  four  56  in.  X240  in.  blast  furnaces  treating 
green  ore  and  Chesney  concentrate.  The  matte  is  converted  and  the  blister 
copper  shipped  to  New  York  refineries.  The  mines  have  reached  the  fol- 
lowing depths: 

Cobar 1520  ft. 

Chesney 925  ft. 

Cobar  Gold 540  ft. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  393 

THE  MOUNT  BOPPY  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

CAUBELLICO,  NEW  SOUTH  WALES 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Gold  ounces                         

17,117 

26,405 

Value  realised  
Total  income  
Total  expenditures  

£72,597  14s.    8d. 
72,597  14       8 
73,610     8       9 

£111,223 
111,583 
80,917 

19s.  lid. 
4       2 
7       4 

Profit  

£1,012  14       1 

£30,665 

16     10 

Ore  milled   tons  treated 

53  990 

74  132 

Fine  gold  recovered    oz     (amalgamation) 

6  895  7 

8  565  5 

Tailings  treated,   tons  sand 

28  520 

48,132 

Fine  gold  recovered    oz                .... 

4,643  6 

8,594 

Slimes  treated,  tons  
Fine  gold  recovered  
letreatment  sand,  tons  roasting  
Yield,  oz  

Concentrates  sold  

25,464 
5,218.1 
5,811 

Tons   cwt.  qr.    Ib. 
55       90       18 

26,845 
5,979.7 
13,388 
1,841 
Tons   cwt 
269     15 

.    qr.    Ib. 
0       19 

A.ssay  value   oz 

359  7 

1  424 

Grand  total  realised  
Aver,  yield  per  ton  milled  
Aver,  yield  per  ton  bullion  
Value  realised  per  ton  

Workings  costs  per  ton         .    . 

£72,485      6s.  lid. 
6  dwt.      8  gr. 
9  dwt.    11.30gr. 
£1     6s.  10.3d 

26s      Id 

£111,223 
7  dwt. 
10  dwt 
£1 

2 

19s.  lid. 
2.97gr. 
12.99gr. 
10s.  id- 

3s   3  05d 

A.verage  extraction,  per  cent  

72  1 

Average  residue  

2.45  dwt. 

Development,  feet  

1,404 

1,061 

Stamp  duty  per  ton  (2240  Ib.)  
Oxide  ore  

4.77 

5.19 

Sulphide  ore 

3  45 

3  63 

!^o.  men  employed  

276 

371 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  388  and   393 


SOUTH  AUSTRALIA 


WALLAROO  AND  MOONTA  MINING  AND  SMELTING  CO.,  LTD. 

See  Appendix,  page  397 

QUEENSLAND 

MOUNT  MORGAN  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

QUEENSLAND,  AUSTRALIA 


6  mos.  ending 
Nov.  30,  1912 

Year  ending 
May  31,  1912 

Year  ending 
May  31,  1911 

Total  revenue                                 

£637,607 

£989,713 

£953,292 

Total  expenses                                  

387,585 

731,715 

759,316 

Operating  profit                         

250,022 

257,998 

193,976 

Metal  production: 
Copper,  tons  

5,004  .  45 

i 
7,440 

6,973 

Gold,  ounces  

62,553.17 

134,575 

142,449 

Tons  ore  treated.  .  .  »  

172,423 

351,858 

334,869 

2  90% 

2  11  % 

2  05% 

7  25  dwt 

7  65  dwt 

8  50  dwt 

Tons  mined: 
Open  cut 

255,149 

233,366 

Underground 

235,977 

276,316 

Tons  waste  discarded. 

231,198 

211,396 

Operating  costs  per  ton  treated  : 
Average  price  received  for  Cu  per  ton. 

£2  4s.  11.48d. 
£80  3s.  lid. 

£2  Is.  7.08d. 
£63  13s.  2d. 

£2  5s.  4.20d. 
£58  4s.  7d. 

General  Notes. — The  ore  has  a  gold-copper  value.  Above  the  750  ft. 
level  the  values  are  mainly  gold  and  the  ore  is  mined  with  steam  shovels  in 
open  pits.  This  is  the  gossan  capping  to  what  is  probably  a  large  copper  sul- 
phide deposit.  From  the  750  ft.  level  down  the  ore  is  a  gold-bearing  copper 
sulphide  and  is  mined  through  shafts  to  a  depth  of  1200  ft. 

The  reduction  plants  include  mills  for  the  gold  ores  and  a  smelting  plant 
with  a  daily  capacity  of  about  1000  tons.  The  blast  furnaces  are  48  X 190  in. 

One  reverberatory  furnace  treats  flue  dust.  The  converter  product  assays 
about  98.6  per  cent,  copper  and  15  oz.  gold.  It  is  shipped  to  refineries. 

Considerable  sums  of  money  are  being  spent  upon  improvements  and  en- 
largements of  the  plant  and  reduction  works.  When  completed  they  will  be 
modern  in  every  respect.  The  management  expects  an  increased  metallur- 
gical saving  and  a  decided  decrease  in  operating  costs. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  393 

310 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


ASSOCIATED  GOLD  MINES  OF  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA,  LTD. 
HANNAN,  KALGOORLIE  DISTRICT,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Mines:  Australia  North,  Australia  East,    Australia  and  Adelaide 


Production 


1912 


1911 


38  477 

Silver   ounces 

1,107 

Value  gold  and  silver 

£163,538     8s.    8d. 

Net  profit  for  year 

33,062     16     6 

Written  off  for  shaft  sinking,  development  and 

32,573     14 

Net  carried  forward  

£862     18     7 

Treatment  : 

118  735 

105  238 

Value  of  heads  assay 

28  995s 

Contents  of  heads  assay 

6  821  dwt 

Value  of  yield 

27  54s. 

27  86 

Theoretical  extraction,  per  cent 

94  29 

92  57 

h 

Costs  per  ton  : 
Mine  working  account  

s. 
21.54 

s. 
22.68 

Construction  

.88 

5.00 

4  41 

5  88 

Total  mining 

26  83 

33  56 

Gross  surplus     .                  

.71 

Deficit  5  70 

Workings  costs  : 
Ore  milling  

£       s.          d. 
0       11         2.7 

£     s.        d. 
0     12       2.0 

Ore  extraction 

09             4 

0       9       21 

General  and  administrative 

0         0       10  4 

0       0     10  1 

Insurance  

0         0         29 

0       0       36 

Disposal  of  bullion  

0         0         1.9 

0       0       21 

Development 

1          1         6.3 

7  092  ft 

1       2       7.9 

6  220 

Cost  per  foot. 

72s      3  5d 

79s      6  9d 

Diamond  drilling 

6  027  ft 

Cost  per  foot  

13s.     .2d. 

Value  ore  reserves  between  21s.  and  29s. 
Developed  to  2244-ft.  level;  width  lode  not  given. 
The  total  working  costs  only  for  August,  1912,  were  18s.  lid. 
exclusive  of  development  and  capital  expenses. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 

311 


This  is 


312 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


ASSOCIATED  NORTHERN  BLOCKS  (W.  A.),  LTD. 
IRON  DUKE  LEASE  AND  VICTORIOUS  LEASE,  KALGOORLIE,  West 

AUSTRALIA 
Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Sales  bullion  mine 

£15,733     8s.     3d. 

£38,025     5s      4d 

£50  841     7s      Id 

Sales  bullion  ore  purchased  
Tributors           

33,043     1        0 
49,901     2        6 

46,836     7        1 
11,519     2       1 

27,507     1        8 
2,838    4       3 

Total  with  int.,  etc  

104,006     6      10 

96,416     8       9 

87,785     6       5 

Total  exp.  and  ore  pur  

87,105  19        6 

80,091     0       6 

70,285     2        6 

Profit 

£16  900     7       4 

£16  325     8       3 

£17  500    3      11 

Total  gold  ounces 

23,484 

22,672 

19  101 

Total  silver  ounces      

1,295 

861 

543 

Total  value                 

£99,882     4      10 

£96,380  14        6 

£81  186  13        0 

Ore  mined  underground,  tons  
Ore  from  surface  

6,253 

17,602 
556 

32,120 

Tons  treated,  company  account  .  . 

18,158 

32,120 

Tons  treated  for  tributors  

14,223 

4,450 

904 

20  476 

22  608 

33  024 

7  292 

10  428 

5  665 

Total      .     .        .            .... 

27,768 

33  036 

38  689 

Milled  oxide  ore,  tons       .... 

8,296 

7  831 

2  480 

Milled  sulphide  ore,  tons  

19,472 

25  080 

36  209 

Total  

27,768 

32,911 

38  689 

Average  

17s.     7.157d. 

14a.     8.045d. 

12s.     lOd. 

Tons    roasted  

19,472 

25,080 

92  9 

94  55 

41s      9d. 

ore. 
Cost  per  ton  : 

Ore  extraction 

£       s.          d. 
0     11     10.851 

£       s.         d. 
0       8       2  .  70 

£       s.         d. 
0       7       0  81 

Ore  milling     ...         .        ... 

0     17       7.157 

0     14       8.04 

0     12       0  10 

General  expenses  

0       2       5.236 

0       2       0  .  79 

0       1       9  26 

In  addition  there  was  expended  j 
on  dev.,  diam.  drilling,  plant   \ 
and  machinery                            J 

£1       12      3.5961 
£816  8         9 

£1       4     11.53 
£37,870        4     5 

£  8  918  12      8 

£0  20  10.17 
£1,877      3   10 

£1  945  14        7 

Development 

589  ft 

694  ft. 

Cost  per  foot 

35s.     5  8d. 

£2     14s.  4.62d. 

Diamond  drilling  

2,789 

1  Including  cost  of  4 . 352d.  per  ton  for  supervision  of  tributors. 
See  also  Appendix,  pages  388  and  394 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


313 


BURBANKS  MAIN  LODE  (1904),  LTD. 

COOLGARDIE,    WESTERN    AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  June  30 
Tons  =2000  Ib.  Pounds  Sterling  Currency 


1912 


1911 


£45,354 

8s.      6d. 

£47,449 

9s        7d 

1,069 

11       11 

Total                                           

45,354 

8s      6d. 

46,379 

17         8 

45  779 

12         0 

£47  236 

18         7 

25,978 

11       11 

24,665 

19         8 

£19,801 

0         1 

£22  580 

18s       7d 

Net  profit                                                       -  • 

£8,144 

3         2 

£11  425 

17         4 

20,336 

19,413 

Mill  battery  1 

20,336 

19,413 

Ore  treated     /  '  ' 
Yield  ounces  gold       

11,201 

10,870 

Yield  per  ton       

11  dwt. 

3  er 

11  dwt. 

4  7  gr 

Total  value  bullion  

£39,115 

13s   Id 

£38,430 

2s   5d 

Cyanide  : 
Tons  treated 

13  483 

12  596 

Yield  ounces 

2  763 

3  356 

Av  yield 

4  dwt 

2  3  gr 

5  dwt 

7  8  gr 

Value  

6  238 

15s       5d 

£7  949 

15s       8d 

Custom  ore  treated  

2,592 

Slimes  accuml.  ton  
Total  bullion  rec.  oz  

Cost  per  ton: 

6,795  avg. 
13,964 

s. 

1  dwt.  6.2  gr. 
d. 

6,515  avg. 
14,226 

s. 

1  dwt.  18  gr. 
d. 

Mining  

15 

7  504 

15 

11  685 

Treatment  

7 

4  633 

g 

11  583 

Baling  and  pumping  .    . 

2 

6  456 

2 

5  549 

Total  working  cost  

25 

6  592 

25 

4  817 

Yield  per  ton  

44 

7  26 

47 

9  387 

Profit  per  ton  

19 

0  668 

22 

4  569 

Value  ore  reserves  
Dev.  feet 

10. 
2  643 

5  dwt. 

10. 
2  313 

5  dwt. 

Stamp  duty  tons  heavy  mill  

4  03 

4   11 

Stamp  duty  tons  light  mill  

2.66 

2.39 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 

Remarks.— Property  is  developed  to  the  eighth  level  914  ft.  deep.     The 
reef  averages  around  1|  to  2  ft.  wide.     Mine  pumps  100,000  gal.  daily. 


314 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


CENTRAL  AND  WEST  BOULDER  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
KALGOORLIE,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Worked  with  the  Oroya  Links,  Ltd. 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1910 


Income,  gold £20,183       8         Id. 

Expenditures 16,656       7          0 

Working  profit 3,527       1          1 

Development,  construction  and  equipment 600       5        11 

Profit £2,926     15s.       2d. 

Production : 

Gold,  ounces ' 4,757.32 

Yield  per  ton  milled 23s.     1 . 82d 

Tons  extracted 17,466 

Tons  milled 17,466 

Tons  agitating  and  filter-pressing 16,258 

Yield  per  ton  milled 8s.     6 . 46d. 

Concentrates — roasting,  agitating  and  filter  pressing,  tons 1,208 

Yield  per  ton  milled 14s.     7.36d. 

Total  yield 23s.     J.82d. 

Cost  per  ton : 

Breaking,  filling  stopes,  trucking  and  raising 6s.       7.37d. 

Crushing,    milling,    concentrating,    roasting,    cyaniding,    filter-  11        10.61 
pressing,  etc. 

General  expenses 10 . 42 

Bullion  realisation 1.10 

Grand  total 19         5.50 

Deduction  rebate  on  stores 0          4 . 63 

Net  working  cost 19          0.87 

Development,  feet 282 

Cost  of  development  per  foot : 

Driving 48s.     9.  lOd. 

Rising 47        6.31 

Diamond  drilling 13        5.54 

Cost  per  ton  of  ore  treated 8 . 25d. 


Remarks. — See  Oroya  Links,  Limited. 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


315 


GOLDEN  HORSE-SHOE  ESTATES  CO.,  LTD. 

KALGOORLIE,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1911 


Metal  production £403,429 

Miscell.  revenue .• 743 

Total  revenue 404,172 

Total  expenses 373,714 

Net  profit 30,458 

All  tons  given  are  2240  lb.: 

Tons  ore  milled 269,667 

Ave.  grade  ore  (gold) 7.98  dwt. 

Mill  extraction,  per  cent 85. 53 

Costs  per  ton  milled : 

Mining 10.89s. 

Develop 3.70 

Ore  reduction 10.39 

Maintenance •  166 

Gen.  expense .907 

Plant  and  machinery .063 

London  expenses .37 

Miscell.  capital  exp 1.21 

Total £1  7s     8.35d 

Ore  reserves  average 8 . 801  dwt. 

Development,  feet 9,130 

Shafts,  feet .       460 . 5 

Diamond  drilling,  feet: 507 


The  veins  vary  from  4  ft.  to  15  ft.  in  width.     The  mine  is  opened  by 
shaft  to  a  depth  of  about  2650  ft. 

The  ores  are  stamped,  sized,  concentrated,  reground  and  cyanided. 
The  different  plants  handled  and  produced  the  following: 

Tons  Oz.  bullion      |    Oz.  fine  gold 


Milling  plant , 

Sands  plant 

Slimes  plant 

Concentrates 

Retreatment  of  tails. 
Cyanide 


Total. 


269,667 
88,536 

159,951 
21,180 
20,717 


27,111.8 

8,230.8 

50,966.5 

37,306.8 

4,266.4 


24,518.48 

5,701.82 

35,280.08 

25,471.48 

2,908.99 

1,102.19 


94,983.04 


For  August,  1912,  the  total  working  costs  were  20s.  2d.  which  is  exclusive 
of  development  and  capital  expenses. 


316 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


GREAT  BOULDER  PERSEVERANCE  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

KALGOORLIE,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31.     Aug.  1-Dec.  31,  1910 


1912 

1911 

1910 

Production  : 

62,932 

72  415 

27  013 

7  839 

9  716 

3  408 

Val  realised                .    . 

£270,434  19s      2d 

£30  725     8s     4d 

£113  962  14s     3 

Total  with  msc       .... 

272,290     8       7 

£310  534     6       3 

£115  961   19       6 

Exp   total                .    .... 

246,609     4     10 

262  075  11       5 

136  875     3       8 

Profit   

£25,681     3s.    9d. 

£48  458  14s.  lOd 

£20  913     4s     2d 

Ore  production  and  treat- 
ment: 
Tons  treated  
Val.  per  ton  

234,636 

243,109 

91,852 
7  383  dwt 

Val.  of  pro  

£270,760    Os.  lOd. 

£308,570  12s. 

'£115083     8       9 

Rec.  of  gold,  per  cent...  . 
Monthly  c?ap.  plant  
Tons  broken  in  stopes  : 
Tons.  .;  

89.76 
19,553 

240,912 

90.15 
20,259 

266,247 

79.13 
20,000 

133,288 

Av.  val  

25s.    7d. 

30s.      od. 

29s    5d 

Av  width  feet 

12  86 

12  94 

10 

Av.  cost  

4s.  4.9d. 

7s.  .06d. 

6s   6  36d 

Tons  broken  in  develop  .  . 
Value  per  ton 

14,700 
20s     8d 

13,211 
16s     3d 

8,646 
24s      4d 

Working  cost  per  ton  : 

s.                 d. 

s.                 d. 

s.                d. 

Ore  breaking  

7             2.47 

7             0.25 

7              1.628 

Treatment 

9             9.38 

9             9  58 

10             4  502 

Gen.  exp. 

0             8.72 

0             8  44 

0            10  088 

Stope  filling 

0             0.41 

0                  09 

0              1  358 

Dis.  of  residues 

0             6.39 

0             6  79 

0             7  981 

Total  cost  per  ton  
Total  working  cost.  .  .  . 
Treatment  cost  as  follows  : 
Crushing  ...    
Milling  
Roastings  

18              3.39 
£214,491   14       0 

0                5.575 
2                2.848 
2                9.641 

18              1.15 
£219,960  19       4 

0             5.837 
2             4.411 
2              10.409 

19              1.557 
£107,632  13       2 

0           5.591 
2           3.676 
3            1.319 

Amal.  and  agitation.  .  .  . 
Filter  and  pressing  

2                2.23 

1               8.877 

1              11.854 
1                9.282 

2           3.589 
1          10.086 

Precp.  and  Smelting  

0                4.214 

0               3.783 

0             4241 

Total  

9                9.385 

9               9.576 

10            4.502 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  389  and  394 


WEST  AUSTRALIA 


317 


THE  GREAT  BOULDER  PROPRIETARY  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
KALGOORLIB  DISTRICT,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
Money,  £,  s.  d.  Tons,  2240  Ibs. 


Production 


1912 


1911 


Gold  production,  ounces  

158,737 

158,351 

Valued  at  
Less  minting  and  sundry  receipts  
Total  expenses  

£573,245 
575,964 
263,756 

£567,640 
569,495 
256,738 

Operating  profit 

£312  208 

£312  757 

Mined  and  treated  (tons)  

193,451 

187,510 

Treated  at  sulphide  mill  

193,451 

187,510 

Grade  ore  treated  

13  95  dwt. 

Yield,  ounces,  by  amalgamation  
Value 

59,284 
£213  924 

53,899 
£193  471 

Yield  by  cyanidation,  ounces  
Value               .    .  . 

98,249 
£354  850 

104,451 
£375  785 

Total  value    .    . 

£573  159 

569  256 

Aver.  val.  of  residues  (tons  2240)  
Loss  in  mercury,  sulphide  mill  per  ton. 
Loss  in  cyanide,  cyanide  mill  per  ton.  . 

Costs  per  ton  : 
Mine  expenses  (opening  up)  

1  .  6  dwt. 
.178  OB. 

.901b. 

Per  ton 
3             2 

1  .  7  dwt. 
.079  oz. 
.  973  Ib. 

Per  ton 
s.             d. 
5              1 

1910              1909 
s.     d.       s.      d. 
3     11       3       8 

Mine  expenses  (stoping) 

11              3 

10              1 

8989 

Sulphide  mill  exp  
Cyanide  mill  exp  
General  charges  

8             0 
3             5 
0            11 

8             2 
3            10 
0            11 

8       9       8     11 
3736 
0     10       0     10 

Sundries 

0              4 

0              4 

0404 

Total  .  .  . 

27              1 

28             5 

26       2     26       0 

Value  ore  reserves  

14  5973  dwt 

14  5625  dwt 

Development  work,  feet  

2,419 

2,580 

Diamond  drilling,  feet  

1,252 

4,609 

Depth,  feet  

2,800 

2,800 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 

Remarks. — Workings  very  extensive.  Property  developed  to  2800" 
ft.  level.  Mine  opened  by  several  shafts.  Ore-bodies  vary  from  4  to  15  ft. 
in  width.  The  ores  are  sulpho-tellurides.  The  method  of  treatment  is 
amalgamation  and  cyanidation. 


318 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  GREAT  FINGALL  CONSOLIDATED,  LIMITED 

DAY-DAWN,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 

1911 

Oz.        | 

Dwt.     | 

Gr. 

Oz. 

Dwt. 

Gr. 

Production  
Valued  at  
Profit  custom  ore  
Miscl.  income  

31,013.157 
£116,212 
2,630 
3,973 

4s. 
4 
0 

2d. 

7 
8 

36,795 
£157,093 
4,923 
4,033 

19 
8s. 
3 
13 

8 
Id. 
4 
5 

Total  income  

£122,815 

9s. 

5d. 

£166,050 

4s 

lOd 

Total  expenditures  

106,3851 

9 

6 

146.9342 

4 

o 

Total  profits 

£16  429 

19s 

lid 

£19  116 

Os 

lOd 

Mill  tons  treated  

67,177 

Per  ton 

milled 

101,949 

Per  ton 

milled 

Yield,  ounce  
Concentrates,  tons  

11,604 
1,023 

14s. 

8.63d. 

17,540 
1,881 

14s. 

7.4d. 

Yield,  ounce  

1,804 

2s 

3  64d 

2  871 

2s 

4  72d 

Cyanide  sands,  tons  

48,559 

71  663 

Yield,  ounce  

2,670 

3 

4  83d 

5,482 

4 

6  83 

Current  slimes,  tons  

17,595 

28,435 

Yield,  ounce  

3,252 

4 

1.7 

2,227 

1 

10.28 

Total  retreatment,  ounce.  .  . 

7,852 

8,664 

Total  custom    ounce 

3  827 

6  030 

Total  ounce,  gold  
Costs  (per  ton  milled)  : 
Mining           

31,013 

s. 
10 

d. 

7  9 

42,817 

s. 
10 

d. 

11  78 

Development.  .  . 

3 

2  04 

3 

3  01 

Milling  and  cyaniding.  . 

8 

1  73 

7 

8.44 

Credit  customs  ore.  . 

10  86 

10.12 

Net  milling  and  cyaniding 

7 

2  87 

6 

10.32 

General  expense  

2 

5  65 

1 

9.98 

Bullion  realised  

3.73 

3.23 

Grand  total 

23 

10  28 

23 

2  32 

Rebate  stores  

Nil 

2.61 

Net  working  expenditure 
No.  stamps 

40 

23 

10.28 

22 
40 

11.71 

Duty,  tons. 

7  71 

8  68 

Grade  reserves  above  four- 
teenth level. 
Grade  reserves  below  four- 
teenth level. 

26s.  5d. 
40s.  Od. 

Tons 
52,926 
Tons 
31,812 



28s.  8d. 
42s.  lOd. 



1  Includes    £33,087  .10  .10     Accumulated  slimes,  rents,  charges  on  gold,  etc.,  not  in" 
eluding  shaft  sinking. 

2  Includes  £36,785  5  6.     Accumulated  slimes,  rents,  charges  on  gold,  shaft  sinking,  etc. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  389  and  394 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


319 


HAINAULT  GOLD  MINE,  LTD. 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Hannan's  East  Coolgardie  Gold  Fields 
Period  Year  Ended  May  31 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Income  from  bullion  

£78,825 

£84,237 

£93,639 

78  358     8s     Od 

83  763  17s   lid 

Total  expenditures 

81  259  17     10 

79,156  10     10 

Profit 

£2  901     9s    lOd 

£  4  607    7s     1 

63  542 

66  147 

Tons  mullock  sorted 

3,815 

Mullock  assay 

.94  dwt. 

Mullock,  per  cent  of  total  tonnage 

5.75 

Mill  treated  tons  ore         .... 

63  542 

62,332 

69,068 

4  335 

10  811 

74 

Val.  bullion  yield  per  ton  

17        .34 

1     78.1.38 

Av.  monthly  tonnage  crushed  
Val   residue 

5,295 
1  84  dwt. 

5,194 
1  54  dwt. 

Cost  per  ton: 

s.      d. 
9  2   11 

s.      d. 
8     8  08 

3  13 

0     6  14 

9  4  09 

8     4.34 

6  66 

0     6.83 

repairs,    renewals,    ore    treat., 
power  battery,  etc. 
Administration  and  genl  

Total  cost  

19     3.99 

18     1.39 

17     5.18 

Value  of  ore  reserves 

28 

28 

28 

Tonnage  of  ore  reserves. 

100,000 

100,000 

Development,  feet  

3,382 

3,626 

Remarks.' — Mine  is  developed  to  950  level.  Ore-bodies  often  occur  up 
to  30  and  50  ft.  wide.  In  speaking  of  development  sampling  widths  are  given 
as  5  and  6  ft.  Formerly  ore  was  amenable  to  treatment  by  ordinary  wet 
milling  and  concentrating  methods.  The  ore  now  being  treated  does  not 
give  such  satisfactory  results  which  has  necessitated  alterations  and  additions 
to  the  plant.  This  is  being  done  in  the  direction  of  increasing  the  roasting 
department.  The  treatment  is  as  follows:  Amalgamation,  concentration, 
and  cyanidation. 


320 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


IVANHOE  GOLD  CORPORATION,  LIMITED 

KALGOOBLIE,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


110  438 

113  691 

Production,  silver,  ounces  

23,263 

22,442 

Valued  at  

£471,483     7s.  lid. 

£484,869     8s.  6d. 

262  763  13        1 

252  414  16      1 

Profit  for  year  after  all  expenses 

£196,167  10     11 

£220  971     0     0 

Tons  treated 

237,266 

238  965 

Tailings,  sand  
Slimes       .                            

105,892 
108,285 

108,662 
106,863 

Concentrates  
Gold  recovered  : 
Battery  amal.,  ounces  

23,089 

27,608 

23,440 
33,022 

Sands,  ounces  

15,690 

16,176 

Slimes,  ounces  

42,550 

38,973 

24  590 

25  518 

Silver  recovered  : 
Battery,  ounces  
Sands,  ounces  
Slimes,  ounces  
Concentrates,  ounces  
Extraction  battery,  per  cent  
sands,  per  cent  
slimes,  per  cent  

2,236 
4,291 
10,297 
6,438 
22.3 
12.68 
34.38 

2,348 
3,919 
9,772 
6,402 
25.75 
12.60 
30.37 

concentrates,  per  cent  
Loss  in  residues,  per  cent  

19.87 
10.77 

19.89 
11.39 

44s.  3  82d. 

45s.     7.18d. 

39s.  6  52d. 

40s.     4  .  87d. 

Loss                                            .... 

4s.  9.3d. 

5s.     2.31d. 

Percentage  extraction,  sands  
Percentage  extraction,  slimes  
Total  extraction,  per  cent  
Costs  per  ton  : 
Mining  

68.78 
89.73 
89.23 
s.        d. 
9     3.52 

66.49 
88.37 
88.61 
s.     d. 
8     3.57 

4  53 

3.93 

Transportation 

1.75 

1.72 

Milling 

1     9.40 

1     7.80 

Concentrating  
Roasting  
Fine-grinding  concentrates  ;  . 

6.29 

7.07 
1.87 

7.27 
6.14 
1.66 

Cyaniding  concentrates  

5.30 

5.40 

Cyaniding  '  

3     9.24 

4     1.83 

Total  ore  treatment 

8     7.45 

8     3.32 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


321 


Year  ended  Dec  31 


1912 


1911 


1     5  96 

1     4  70 

Charges  on  bullion 

4.49 

4  52 

Total  working  cost  
Mine  development  
Buildings,  plant  and  equipment  

19     9.42 
2     2.90 
1.47 

18     4.11 
2     5.22 
4.18 

Total  cost 

22     1  79 

21     1  51 

Grade  ore  in  reserve  
Mine  development  
Stamp  duty  tons,  24  hours  

40s.     7d. 
3602     ft. 
6.88 

43s.     7d. 
4464     ft. 
6.92 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — Railway  sidings  on  the  property. 

Character  of  ore.  —  Silicious  sulphide.  Ore  containing  more  silica  than 
majority  of  Kalgoorlie  mines. 

Width  of  ore-body. — Varies  from  4  ft.  to  25  ft.,  possibly  averages  12  ft.  or 
14  ft. 

Method  of  opening.' — Vertical  shafts,  cross-cuts  and  levels.  . 

Method  of  mining. — Rill  stopes. 

Depth  of  mine.— Main  shaft  2785  ft.,  bottom  level  2720  ft. 

Amount  water  pumped. — Small. 

Method  of  ore  reduction. —  Ore  is  concentrated,  reground  and  cyanided, 
cyanidation  of  concentrates. 


21 


322 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  KALGURLI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Juy  31 

Currency  Pounds  Sterling 
Weight  2000  Ib.  1  ton 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Production  gold  sales  

£249,602  13  9 

£296,872  15  9 

Value  yield  gold  with  interest,  etc  . 

£251,575  18  0 

£298,929  17  3 

Profit  after  all  expenses,  deprecia- 
tion, prospecting,  construction, 
traveling,  administration,  taxes, 
etc. 

Tons  treated  

£95,768     9  5 
123,800 

£116,326     0  9 
127,010 

127,600 

Yield  gold  value  
Yield'per  ton  
Extraction,  per  cent  
Aver,  value  residue  
Aver.  val.  heads  before  treatment 

Cost  per  ton  2000  Ib.  : 
Mining  : 
Labor 

£251,630 
£2  Os.  7.81d. 
93.67 
2s.  8.87d. 
£2  3s.  4.68d. 

£      s.       d. 
0       5     10  06 

£299,619 
£2  7s.  2.16d. 
94.75 
2s.  7.34d. 
£2  9s.  9.5d. 

£      s.         d. 
0       5       5  86 

£332,522 
£2  12s.   1.43d. 
94.32 
^       3s.   1.71d. 
£2  15s.  3.14d. 

Stores  
Haulage  and  drills  

0       1       3.43 
0       1       0  .  83 

0       1       2.19 
0       0       8.79 

Total  at  pit  mouth  
Prop,  of  admin,  and  genl.  exp.  in 
West  Australia. 

0       8       2.32 

7.72 

0       7       4  .  84 
0       0       7.05 

Total  mining  

0       8     10.04 

0       7     11.89 

8s.  4.05d. 

Ore  treatment 

0     10       9  90 

0     11       0  43 

Prop   adm.  and  genl   exp 

0       0     10  11 

0       0     10  34 

Total  ore  treatment  

0     11       8  01 

0     11     10  77 

11s.  9  67d. 

Total  mining  and  treatment  

Aver,  tons  treated  per  month  
Development  

0     20       6.05 

10,316 
4,083 

0     19     10.66d. 

10,584 
5,664  ft. 

20s.  1.72d. 

2,108 

1  649 

Ore  reserves  tons 

250,000 

Not  given. 

400,000 

Grade  reserves  

Not  given. 

Not  given. 

Not  given, 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  389  and  394 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


323 


LAKE  VIEW  AND  STAR  LIMITED 

KALGOORLIE,  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Feb.  29 


Production 


1912 


1911 


Gold,  ounces  recovered  

51,700.676 
£220,063  9s.    4d. 



184,007  12     0 



Written  off  plant  and  machinery              

9,196     4s.     8d. 

Net  profit  after  administration  and  all  charges.  . 

£23,584     8s.    4d. 

Tons  milled  
Tons  concentrates  

132,226 
16,662 

30,467 

1,310 

Value  combined  contents  gold  and  silver 

£129,532     9s.        9d. 

Value  per  ton  milled                                             .... 

14s.    2.6d. 

Slimes  cyanided,   tons                                  

165,564 

Yield  gold,   oz   .         ...             .      .        

21,070 

Yield  silver,  oz  

3,822 

Total  value  

£89,834  10s.      7d. 

Total  value  per  ton  milled  

9s.  10.32d 

Tons  slag  

21.97 

Gold  obtained,  ounces  

229 

Total  value  realized 

£220  063    9s.         4d 

Costs  per  ton; 
Ore  extraction  

s.                   d. 

s.          d. 

Breaking  ore  

4                5.93 

Filling  stopes  
Hoisting  and  tramming  

0                2.78 
2                3.02 



" 

Total  mining   . 

6              11  73 

7          4  04 

Treatment  : 
Crushing,  transportation,   milling,  concentra- 
tion, roasting,  cyaniding  concentrates,  cyan- 
iding  sands 
General  expense  

9              11.36 
0              10.56 

9       11.94 
1          1  66 

Realization  of  bullion  

0                1.97 

0         2.05 

Total  excluding  dev  

17              11  62 

18         7  69 

Development  

2                2.73 

3         8.50 

Total  working  cost  

20               2.35 

22         4.19 

Development  

3828  feet 

Diamond  drilling  

2265  feet 

Grade  ore  reserves  

28.419s. 

See  also  Appendix    pages  390   and  394 


324 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  LANCEFIELD  GOLD  MINING  COMPANY,  LIMITED 

BERIA,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 
Period  Year  Ended  Dec.  31 

1911 


Production,  ounces 36,110 

Total  incl.  slag  sales 36,430 

Realised  at £155,073 

Total  expenses 163,332 

Total  loss £8,259 

Ore  extracted,  tons 103,545 

Ore  reduction: 

Slimes,  tons 103,545 

Total  yield,  gold,  ounces 36,106 

Per  ton  milled 29s.    8 . 29d. 

Slags,  tons 21 . 75 

Yield,  gold,  ounces 322.26 

Per  ton  milled Os.    3. 14d. 

Total  tons 103,545 

Total  yield 36,428.6 

Per  ton  milled 29s.  11.43d. 

Costs  per  ton  (milled) :  s.             d. 

Development 2            11.7 

Ore  extraction 9             4 . 83 

Treatment  including  breaking,  drying,  milling,  roasting,  grinding,  16            10. 35 
agitating,  pressing,  precipitation,  smelting,  etc. 

Retreatment  slag 0             0.32 

Genl.  expense,  including  salaries,  wages,  supplies, 1              7. 10 

Realisation  of  bullion 3 . 40 

Grand  total 31             1.70 

Less  rebate  on  stores,  etc 4 . 38 


Net  working  expenditures. . . 


30 


9.32 


Remarks. — Accessibility. — 500  miles  from  Perth. 
Character  of  ore. — Quartz  containing  arsenical  pyrites. 
Character  of  ore  body. — Fissure  vein. 
Width  of  ore  body. — Upward  of  20  ft. 
Method  of  opening. — Shaft  and  levels. 
Method  of  mining. — Back  stoping. 
Depth  of  mine.— 500  ft. 

General  Conditions. — Those  of  a  "back-blocks' '  mine  in  Western  Australia 
Water  scarce,  timber  also. 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


325 


OROYA-LINKS,  LTD. 
KALGOORLIE,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 
Period  Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


Production 

1912 

1911 

1910 

Ounces,  gold  

36,358 

27,836 

32,703 

Values  of  gold  

£154,398  19s.  4d. 

£118,457          8s. 

£138,891      Is.  4d. 

Royalty,  etc 

8  009  17s    4d. 

8  021    13  5d 

12  155     5     4 

Total  
Expenditures  

£162,408  16      8 
109,703  12     10 

£126,479       1  5 
99,414     19  9 

£141,046     6     8 
117,457     3     6 

Profit 

£52  705  3s    lOd 

£27  064  Is   8d 

£23  589     3     2 

Profit  after  mine  dev.,  equip., 
const.,  and    also    expenses 
West  Australia. 

Tons  treated  
Recovery  per  ton  

£36,265  3       8 

131,880 
23s.  4.71d. 

9,777  9     6 

100,016 
23/9.12 

21,614     11   2 

103,705 
26/9 

Tributers    account   tons    ore 
crushed. 
Yield  

5,802 
6,237  oz 

18,185 
£39  062        12s. 

Royalty  collected  
Recovery,  per  cent  
Cost  per  ton  : 
Ore  extraction 

£5,934  12s.  5d. 
92.6 
£        s.           d. 
0         6         7  66 

£8,479  14s.   9d. 

£     s.         d. 
0       7     11  37 

£         s.           d. 
0         6       11   13 

Ore  treatment 

0         8       11  98 

0     10     11  78 

0       12             31 

General  expenses 

0         0         9  09 

01           76 

0         0       11  97 

Realization  on  bullion  

0         0         1  .  59 

0       0       1.47 

0         0         1.49 

Total  cost  
Deduct,  reb.  on  stores  

0       16         6.32 
0         0         0.77 

1       0       1.38 
0       0       3.58 

0       20         1.1 
0         0         4  .  85 

Net  total  working  cost  
Including    dep.,  dev.,  and 

0       16         5.55 

0     19       9.80 

0       19         8.25 
23         5  50 

shaft  sinking. 
Agitat.  and  filter-press  tons  .  . 

96,050 

Recovery  per  ton  milled  
Cone,  roast.,  agit.,  and  filter 
press  tons. 
Recovery  per  ton  milled.  .  .  . 

9s.     1.34d. 
7,655 

17s.     2  96d. 

Slag  recovery  

5.20 

Total  recovery 

26s      9  50d 

Stamp  duty  tons,  24  hours  . 

7  52 

5  79 

Development,  feet  
Value  ore  reserves  per  ton...  . 
Tonnage  ore  reserves  
Additional  ore  not  developed. 

5,799 
25.37s. 
126,473 
60,000 

3,464 
26.4 
99,770 

3,097 

28.47s. 
82,509 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  390  and  394 


326 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  SONS  OF  GWALIA,  LIMITED 
LEONORA,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1912 


1911 


Production,  gold  : 

Total  gold  
Valued  at  
Income  incl.  sundry  rcpts.  .  . 
Expenses  

Profit  

61,678  oz. 
£262,094 
£266,774 
£191,521 

5dwt. 
1 

11 
4 

2gr. 
0 
1 
6 

70,636  oz. 
£300,157 
£302,876 
179,536 

16dwt 

8  s. 
9 
16 

Ogr 
6  d. 
9 
9 

£75,253 

6 

7 

£123,339 

13 

0 

Depreciation  
Taxes  

Net  profit  
Mill  by  amal.  tons  

10,580 
5,179 

7 
4 

9 
1 

11,978 
8,986 

10 
15 

3 
5 

£59,493 

155,603 

24,867 
1,626 
4,862 
39,991 
6,041 
121,973 

22,605 

14  s.               9  d. 
Yield  per  ton 
milled 

13s.         6.98d. 

£102,374 

165,664 
45,143 
2,217 
6,931 
77,580 
10,805 
83,798 

7,762 

7                    4 
Yield  per  ton 
milled 

23s.          1.99d. 
3             6.66 
5             6.50 

3           11.79 

Total  yield  oz.  gold  
Concentrates,  tons 

Yield.  . 

2 
3 

12 

7.87 
3.59 

4.20 

Cyanide  sands,  tons  
Yield  
Slimes,  filter,  ac'm.  slimes, 
filter  and  slugs,  tons. 
Yield,  ounces  

Total,  ounces  
Costs  per  ton  milled  : 
Mining  
Development  
Transportation  
Rock  breaking  
Milling  
Concentrating  
Cyaniding,  etc  
General  expenses  

Bullion  realized  
Grand  total. 

58,376 

31  s. 

9  s. 
4 
0 
0 
1 
0 
5 
1 

10.64  d. 

6.53  d. 
5.02 
2.14 
4.48 
4.73 
3.00 
10.71 
8.43 

70,642 

36 

8s. 

4 

1 

1 

2.94 

10.83d. 
2.02 
1.47 
4.61 
1.93 
2.81 
4.698 
5.73 

3.06 

4.12 

24 

0.11 

21 

4.50 
3.17 

Less  rebates  

Net  working  expenditure  . 
Development  in  1911  
Diamond  drilling  
Plat  cutting  and  shaft  bins  . 

24 
7755  ft. 
3593  ft. 
4000  cu.  ft. 

0.11 

21  s. 
ft. 
ft. 
cu.  ft. 

1.33  d. 

7802 
1054 
9400 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  391  and  394 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 


327 


SOUTH  KALGURLI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
KALGOORLIE,  WEST  AUSTRALIA 

Period  Year  Ended  Sept.  30 


1911 


1910 


£143,946 

£145,040 

146,493 

147,368 

Expenditures  

126,886 

127,302 

£19,607 

£20,066 

Production  : 
Gold  ounces        

33,954 

34,034 

Silver,  ounces     

2,584 

2,448 

Yield  per  ton  

6.05dwt. 

6.18dwt. 

112,170 

110,199 

25s.        8d. 

26s.j       4d. 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mine  development  
Ore  extraction  

s.              d. 
3         2.25 
6       11.49 

s.               d. 
3         4.83 
6         6.17 

10         2  81 

10         8  07 

0         8  21 

0         9:95 

Realization  of  bullion 

0         1  37 

0         1.31 

Deduct  rebates  on  stores 

0         1.07 

Total  working  exp  

Value  of  ore  in  Reserve  slightly  over  6  dwt. 
Cost  per  foot  shaft  sinking. 

21         2.13 

s.              d. 
254         3.73 

21         5.26 

£          s.        d. 
13           8     5.86 

Cost  per  ft   driving 

66         3  99 

3           7     3  87 

Cost  per  ft.  cross  cutting 

75         3  75 

3           6     5  99 

Cost  per  ft.  rising  
Cost  per  ft.  winzing  
Development,  feet  

86         7.50 
81         0.12 
4708     

4          19     3.97 
4          10     2.45 
....  4778 

Property  adjoins  Great  Boulder  Perseverance.  Perseverance  lode  dev. 
to  1200  level. 

Nos.  1  and  2  east  lode  and  middle  lodes<  dev.  to  1500  level.  Lake  View 
lode  dev.  to  1500  level.  Ave.  width  lode  65  to  72  in. 

The  working  costs  for  the  month  of  August,  1912,  were  as  follows,  exclu- 
sive of  development  and  capital  costs. 

Tons  ore  milled 9,604 

Total  working  costs 17s.    9d. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 


328 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


YUANMI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

SANDSTONE,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Oroya  Black  Range  Property 
Period  Oct.  1,  1911  to  June  30,  1912 

Income:                                                                                                                      £  s.        d. 

Gold  won : 79,489  3  3 

Sundry  revenue 8  0  3 

Total 79,497  3  6 

Expenditures : 

Total 47,880  12  4 

Balance  over  working  expenditures 31,616  11  2 

Capital  account : 

Development  less  sales  of  plant 6,878  13  11 

Profit — excess  of  all  expenditures  in  western  Australia 24,737  17  3 

Tons  treated 41,890 

Total  yield  fine  gold,  ounces 18,710  

Average  per  ton  milled 37  1 1 . 45 

Of  the  above  there  was  milled  by  amalgamation 11,631  

Average  per  ton  milled 23  7.18 

Cost  per  ton  (per  ton  milled) : 
Ore  extraction : 

Breaking  ore  (inc.  ore  from  dev.) 8  8. 70 

Filling  stopes 0  3.43 

Trucking  and  rising 5  4.31 

Total 14  4.44 

Ore  treatment: 

Rock  breaking 0  5. 34 

Milling 2  0. 35 

Treatment  by  vacuum  filter 2  0 . 74 

Fine  grinding  sand 0  7 . 24 

Cyanide  by  percolation 1  4.48 

Precipitating  and  smelting 0  4 . 86 

Disposal  of  residues 0  9 . 36 

Total 7  8 . 37 

Realisation  on  bullion 0  5. 51 

Grand  total  not  allowing  retreatment 22  6. 32 

Sulphide  ore  in  reserve 41  5 

Oxidized  ore  in  reserve 44  5 

Development 2,315  ft. 


WESTERN  A  USTRALIA  329 

The  20-stamp  mill  ran  5704  hours  during  the  9  months — 86.74  of  the 
total  hours. 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hours  (2000  Ib.  ton),  8.81  tons. 

£  s.  d. 

Chamber  cutting 2  19  0.09 

Cross-cutting 1  4  6 . 87 

Rising 1  17  2.31 

Winzing 7  16  0.20 

Judging  from  development  work,  assays  and  widths  given  in  the  report, 
the  vein  averages  from  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  in  width. 

Property  is  developed  by  inclined  shafts,  to  fifth  level.  This  is  373  ft. 
vertically  and  716  ft.  on  the  incline. 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — On  the  railway  about  250  miles  from  coast. 
Character  of  ore. — Free  milling  quartz. 
Character  of  ore-body. — Quartz  and  schist. 
Width  of  ore-body. — Average  say  4  ft.  6  in. 
Method  of  mining. — Rill  stoping. 

Method  of  opening. — Incline  shaft  and  ordinary  methods. 
Depth  of  mine.— 467  ft. 
Amount  of  water  pumped. — 

Method  of  ore  reduction. — Amalgamation  cyanidation  sands  and  slimes, 
treated  in  vac.  filter. 

General  Conditions. — Reef  in  parts  is  very  flat. 

YUANMI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 
YUANMI  MINE,  YOUANME,  WESTERN  AUSTRALIA 

Period  Apr.  27,  1911,  to  June  30,  1912 

Gold  won £36,949       7s.     lOd. 

Sundry  revenue 4     15          0 


Total  income £36,954       2s.      lOd. 

Expenditures,1  total 15,653     15s.        8d. 


Balance  over  working  expenditure £21,300       7s.       2d. 

Mine  development 2,908     16s.       7d. 

Construction  and  equipment 1,873       4s.     lid. 


Excess  of  income  in  Western  Australia £16,518       5s.       8d. 

Tons  treated • 18,332 

Total  yield  pure  gold,  ounces 8,703 

Average  per  ton  milled  and  treated 40s.     4.3d. 

Stamp  duty  per  24  hours,  tons 9 . 42 


330  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Cost  per  ton  (per  ton  milled) : 
Ore  extraction: 

Breaking  ore  including  ore  from  dev 4s.       5.43d. 

Filling  stopes 0          3 . 72 

Trucking  and  rising 3          9 . 58 


Total 8s.  6.73d. 

Treatment : 

Rock  breaking Os.  5.25d. 

Ore  transport 0  3 . 46 

Milling 3  0.16 

Treatment  by  vacuum  filter 3  0.61 

Fine  grinding  sands 0  4.64 

Precipitation  and  smelting 0  6 . 79 

Disposal  of  residues 0  2 . 64 


Total 7s.     11.55d 


Realisation  of  bullion 6.64 


Grand  total 17s.       0.93d. 

Oxidised  ore  in  reserves  averages,  per  ton 44.4s. 

Sulphide  ore  in  reserves  averages,  per  ton 41 .4s. 

1  Subsequent  to  starting  treatment  plant.      Equipment  includes  20  stamp  mill. 

DEVELOPMENT  COST  PER  FOOT 
April  1,  1911,  to  Feb.  29,  1912 

Shaft  sinking £37  2s.  7. 87d. 

Plat  cutting 

Driving 7  4  3 . 73 

Cross-cutting 4  13  0. 56 

Rising 5  17  10. 73 

Winzing 5  1  5 . 73 

Costeaning 0  14  9.25 

Total  depth  shaft,  feet 451 

Development  during  period,  feet 1002 

Judging  from  the  ore  opened  in  development,  the  vein  averages  from  4 
to  5  ft.  in  width. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  391  and   394 


NEW  ZEALAND 

THE  BLACKWATER  MINES,  LIMITED 
REEPTON,  NEW  ZEALAND 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


Production 


1911 


Value  gold  recovered  omitting  value  concentrates. . 
Working  expenditure 


Profit  over  working  expend £44,744 

Concentrates  (estimated  as  if  treated) 4,924 

Profit  over  working  expend £49,668 

Tons  treated  mills 44,038 

Contents  gold,  ounces 20,274.6 

Cyanided  tons 25,761 

Contents,  ounces 3,292.2 

Tons  concentrates 362.5 

Value  contents £4,923 

Grand  total  value £97,026 

Costs :  s.            d. 

Ore  extraction 13         2.52 

Ore  treatment 5         1 . 12 

Genl.  expenditures 3         1 . 82 

Bullion  charges 0         5 . 85 

Total 21        11.31 

Values,  costs  and  profit  per  ton :  £            s.            d. 

Yield  (omitting  value  concen.) 2           2           3 . 16 

Working  expenditure 1            1          11.31 

Profit  over  working  expend 1           0           3.85 

Concentrates  (estimated) 2           2 . 83 

Profit  over  working  expenditure 1            2           6.68 

Value  ore  in  reserve 10. 16  dwt. 

Development  work,  feet 1,384 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 

331 


£93,059 
48,315 


332 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  FIELDS  OF  NEW  ZEALAND,  LTD. 
WEALTH  OF  NATIONS  MINE,  REEFTON,  NEW  ZEALAND 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1911 


1910 


Gold,  ounces  
Value  gold  own  mine  
Value  gold  with  Golden  Fleece  ore  
Working  expen  

13,050 
£50,896 
53,054 
23,022 

Prof,  over  working  expend  

Treatment  : 

Tons  milled  
Ounces  of  gold  
Value  of  yield  
Tons  cyanided  
Ounces  gold 

27,352 

24,968 
9,626.5 
£39,560 
15,353 
3,424 

Valued  at  
Total  value  gold  
Tons  concentrates  
Valued  at  

11,336 
£50,896 
64.5 

£807 

Grand  total  value  
Value  bullion  yield  from  tons  milled  

Costs  per  ton: 
Ore  extraction  and  transport  

£51,703 
50,374  16s.  2d. 

s.              d. 
13         3.79 

s.              d. 
12         0.48 

Ore  treatment 

3         7.22 

3         6.02 

Genl   expenses 

1         0.40 

1         5.89 

Bullion  charges 

0         5.88 

0         1.29 

0         2  58 

Total  expenses  (working)  
Costs  (Sept.  to  Dec.  31,  1911)  

• 

18s.  5.29d. 
15         3.06 

40         4.21 

17s.      4.26d. 

Expenses  (working) 

18         5.29 

Working  profit                                                            .... 

21s.     10.92d. 

Development,  feet  
O  re  reserves  

3,732 
11.152dwt. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 


NEW  ZEALAND 


333 


THE  PROGRESS  MINES  OF  NEW  ZEALAND,  LTD. 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


1911 


1910 


Value  realised 

£48  014 

Total  inc.  dividends,  rents,  etc  
Total  expenses 

61,218 
62  957 

Loss  

£1  739 

Gold  recovery  : 
Tons  treated  

41,596 

Gold  contents 

7  827  8 

Valued  at  

£31  655 

Tons  cyanided  
Contents,  ounces  

.  26,780 
2  689 

Valued  at  

£8  718 

Tons  concentrates  

438 

Valued  at 

£5  533 

Grand  total  value 

45  906 

Smelter  ounces  

607.95 

:-' 

Valued  at  
Tailings  cyanided  

£2,459 
24,140 

Valued  at  

2  88dwt 

Residue  

83dwt 

Accumulated  sands  treated  

2  640 

Costs  per  ton: 

Ore  extraction  
Transportation  

s.               d. 
20          1  .  59 
0         6  48 

s."            d. 
19         2.90 
0        10   16 

Ore1  treatment  

3          1  85 

3       11  65 

Genl.  expense 

1         5  60 

1          1  71 

Bullion  charges 

0         3  35 

0         1  31 

Assay  office  :  
Total  smelting  

26         4.87 
2         5.66 

25         5.57 

Total  

28       10  53 

Loss  over  working  expenditure  
Total  loss  

0         2.18 
4         6.08 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 


334 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  TALISMAN  CONSOLIDATED,  LIMITED 

NEW  ZEALAND 
Year  Ended  Feb.  29 


Production 


1912 


Bullion,  ounces , 

Values  realized 

Total  expenditure  at  mine  (ex.  const.) . 


Tons  crushed 

Yield  per  ton 

Contents  bullion  and  concentrates,  gold.. 
Contents  bullion  and  concentrates,  silver. 

Recovery  gold,  per  cent 

Recovery  silver,  per  cent 

Recovery  by  value,  per  cent 


Costs  per  ton: 

Mine  development. . . 

Mining 

Milling 

Karangulake  office. . . 


Construction  and  equipment 

Total  working  expenditure 


Development 

Stamp  duty  per  day 


Grade  ore  reserves.  .  . 


271,648  18  dwt. 

£233,297  14s.   lid. 

90,298  17        6 


£142,998  17       5 

47,920 
£4  17s.  4.4d. 

53,936  oz.  9  dwt.  14  dwt. 
207,612  oz.  2  dwt.  22  dwt. 

93.6 
80.6 
92.1 


d. 

8.8 


1.3 


£1 


£6 


17s.        8.2d. 

3,219  ft. 
3 . 94  tons 


Remarks. — Accessibility. — Short  distance  from  Auckland  and  connected 
by  rail. 

Character  of  ore.' — Free  milling. 

Character  of  ore-body. — Lenticular. 

Width  of  ore-body. — 5  to  6  ft. 

Method  of  opening.' — Adits  above  No.  8  level  and  internal  shaft  below. 

Method  of  mining. — Flat  back  and  rills. 

Depth  of  mine. — Bottom  level  (No.  14)  is  450  ft.  below  river  level. 

Amount  water  pumped. — No  record  in  London. 

Method  of  ore  reduction. — Forty-stamp  mill,  fine  grinding  (tube  mill) 
amalgamation,  concentration,  cyanidation. 

General  Conditions. — Grade  of  ore  developed  being  maintained  at  about 
£6  per  ton.  Labour  conditions  improved  since  settlement  of  Waihi  strike. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 


NEW  ZEALAND 

WAIHI  GOLD  MINING  CO.  LTD. 

NEW  ZEALAND 
Year  Ended  Dec.  31 


335 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Total  metal  production  
Total  gross  production  
Total  expenses 

£278,438  >    19s. 
293,790      16 
174,078       0 

£679,116  11s.  3d. 
692,833  17     9 
321,293  19      6 

£926,861  9s.  9d. 

Total  profit 

119.712      16 

371,539  18     3 

Tons  ore  milled  
Average  value  

147,828 
£2     2s.     9.5  d. 

350,699 
£2     2s.     10.3  d. 

442,020 
£2      Is.      10.04d. 

Average  value  of  tails  
Mill  extraction,  per  cent  

4        4.65 
89.7 

0    4          7.85 
89.2 

Costs  per  ton: 
Mining  
Development  

8s.  l.OSd. 
1      6.60 

6s.  8.76d. 
1      8.04 

6s.  5.64d. 
0    11.05 

Transportation  

4:56 

0     3.72 

0      3.05 

Milling 

2      4  08 

2      30 

2      6.0 

Cyaniding 

3      9.00 

3      6.36 

3      6.0 

Repairs  .    .    . 

0      6.96 

0      5.75 

General  mine  expenses  
London  
Miscellaneous  

4      6.96 
0    10.08 
1    11.7 

2      3.0 
0      3.6 
0      0.24 

2      1.68 
0    10.25 

Total  

23s.  6.06d. 

17s.  7.68d. 

£0      17s.      1  .  82d. 

Note. — During  1912  the  mines  were  closed  from  May  13  to  Oct.  2  owing 
to  a  labour  strike.  Costs  and  production  not  normal. 

The  veins  are  fissures  with  quartz  filling  varying  in  width  up  to  50  ft. 

The  mine  is  operated  through  shafts  to  a- depth  of  about  1200  ft.  In 
1911  the  mine  pumps  handled  729,355,799  gal.  of  water. 

The  milling  plants  consist  of  three  mills  with  the  following  equipment: 


Stamps 

Tube  mills 

Time 

Tonnage 

Waihi  Mill  
Victoria  Mill 

90 

200 

5 
H 

297  days 
297  days 

111,133 

238  093 

Union  Mill  

40 

1 

26  days 

1,473 

Approximate  duty  per  stamp,  5  tons  crushed  to  10-mesh. 


1912 

1911 

Average  number  stamps  operating  

170 

236  8 

Average  number  tube  mills  operating.  
Running  time,  days  

8.98 
172 

13.7 

The  ores  are  stamped,  concentrated,  reground  and  the  entire  products 
cyanided.     Total  yield  of  mine  to  1913,  £10,118,217. 

For  later  operations  see  Appendix,  page  394 


TASMANIA 


MOUNT  LYELL  MINING  &  RAILWAY  CO.,  LTD. 

MOUNT  LYELL,  TASMANIA,  AUSTRALIA 

Semi-annual  Reports  Ended 

|Sept.  30,  1912|Mar.  31,  1912|  Sept.  30,  1911  [March  31,  1911 


Total  income  

£326,112 

£163,694 

£306,311 

£326,058 

Expenses 

219,940 

143,171 

237,278 

240  283 

Profit 

106,172 

20,523 

69,033 

85,775 

Production  : 

Refined  copper,  tons  

3,124 

1,482 

3,797 

4,063 

Silver   ounces 

2i3,284 

102,454 

246,099 

298,458 

Gold   ounces 

4,316 

1,858 

5,018 

5,357 

Tons  ore  smelted  

157,167 

63,651 

160,695 

183,094 

Average  metal  content  : 

Copper  per  cent 

2.45 

2.73 

2.70 

2.63 

Silver,  ounces  

1.58 

1.69 

1.56 

1.75 

Gold   ounces 

0  .  026 

0.027 

0.027 

0  029 

Costs  per  ton  smelted  (calcu- 

lated from  balance  sheet)  : 

Mining  and  development. 

10s.     0.19d. 

12s.     9d. 

9s.     2.88d. 

7s.   10.56d. 

Smelting 

8        9.43 

12        8.28 

9        6.36 

8        7.56 

Converting 

1        1.35 

2        0.72 

1        4.32 

1        2.04 

Railway 

1        8.89 

3        6.12 

1        8.76 

1        7.56 

Frt.  on  Cu.  and  charges.  .  . 

2       5.73 

3      10.56 

3        2.04 

2      10.68 

Prospecting  

0        9.02 

1        2.88 

1        3.48 

1        6.72 

Div.  and  income  tax  

0        9.08 

0        2.88 

0        7.56 

0        5.64 

Depreciation  

1        2.67 

3        5.76 

1        2.28 

1        1.08 

Strike  expense  

2        3.60 

General  office  expense.  .  .  . 

1        1.47 

2        9.6 

1        4.68 

1        0.24 

Total  expense  

27s.  11.78 

40s.  11.4 

29s.     6.36 

26s.     4.08 

Cost  per  ton  ore  to  produce 

20s.     0.51 

27s.     5.41 

20s.     0.49 

17s.     8.04 

blister    Cu.    as    given    in 

reports. 

Tons  Cu.  sold,  old  stock  

1,172 

1,265 

1,196 

787 

Price  received  per  ton 

£78  Os.     5d. 

£65  6s. 

£57  16s.   lOd. 

£58  10s.  6d. 

Tons  Cu.  sold,  new  stock.-.  .  . 

2,128 

310 

2,532 

2,867 

Price  received  per  ton  

£81  2s.  lid. 

£73  Is.  Id. 

£57     2s.     3d. 

£57  3s.    3d. 

See  also  Appendix,  pages  391  and  394 

336 


TASMANIA 


337 


THE  TASMANIA  GOLD  MINE,  LTD. 
Year  Ended  Sept.  30. 


1911 


Production  gold,  ounces 23,141 

Value  gold  produced £97,820 

Total  income  incl.  miscel 97,893 

Total  expenditures 101,913 

Loss £4,020 

Output  from  mine,  tons 53,968 

Quartz  treated : 

Tons  treated 53,564 

Fine  gold  extracted,  ounces 14,741 

Yield  per  ton 5  dwt.    12  gr. 

Grinding  plant : 

Treated  tons 11,683 

Of  which  from  furnaces 8,801  tons 

From  roasted  cone,  heaps 1,643 

From  chlorination  tail,  heaps v- 1,239 

Gold  extracted 7,055 

Yield  per  ton 12  dwt.      2  gr. 

Cyanide  plant: 

Treated  tons 23,200 

Gold  extracted 738 

Yield  per  ton 0  dwt.      15  gr. 

Slags  shipped,  ounces 222 

193  tons  concrete  flooring  containing  oz.  gold 385 

Total  ounces  gold 23,141 

Total  standard  ounces 25,236 

Product  through  roasting  furnaces : 

From  concentrates  heaps,  tons 4,341 

From  accumulated  sand  heaps 4,460 

8,801 
Cost  per  ton  (calculated) : 

Mining,  tramming,  pumping  and  crushing 23.50s. 

Milling 3.42s. 

Concentrating 1.48 

Roasting 1.08 

Grinding,  filtering  and  cyaniding 3 . 50 

Repairs  and  general  expenses,  Tasmania 2 . 00 

Administration  at  mine 1.15 

English  office  expense .76 

Total  expense 36 . 89s. 


See  also  Appendix,  pages  392  and  394 


EUROPE 


EUROPE 


RUSSIA 

THE  KYSHTIM   CORPORATION,  LTD. 

KYSHTIM,  RUSSIA 
Tons  =Long  Tons,  2240  Ib. 

Year  Ended  Dec.  31 
Currency  £  and  Rubles 


Production 


1912 


1911 


Electrolytic  copper,  tons  
Gross  receipts  
Total  expenses  .       

7,547 
£1,221,379 
752,978 

5,140 

Profit  

£468,401 

£172,394 

Mine: 
Ore  mined   tons 

347,850 

247  102 

Grade  copper,  per  cent 

3 

3  19 

Grade  gold,  ounces 

10 

Grade  silver,  ounces 

1   i 

Total  shipments,  tons  
Smelter: 
Ore  charged  to  blast  furnaces,  tons  
Net  blister  copper  produced,  tons  
Recovery  metal,  blasts  furnace: 
Copper,  per  cent  

338,379 

300,100 
7,030 

75.2 

233,052    - 

218,310 
3,8041 

Gold,  per  cent  

81.0 

Silver,  per  cent  

69.8 

Refinery: 

Kathodes  produced,  tons  
Slimes  produced,  pounds  
Slimes  realised  
Slimes  realised  per  ton  kath  
Costs  (rubles)  : 

Mining  
Smelting. 

7,547 
47,647 
.    •        £129,020 
£17.2 
Per  ton        Per  ton 
ore             blister 
R2.92       R129.51 
3.81           168.78 

4,033 
18,402 
£55,321 
£13  14s. 
Per  ton        Per  ton 
ore             blister 
R2.78       R126.98 
3  48          159  09 

Transport  

0.23             10.02 

.28            12.77 

Overhead  expenses. 

0.36            15.91 

.58            25.70 

Total  
Refinery  cost  per  ton  blister 

R7.32       R324.22 
38  55 

R7.12       R325.5 

Transport  to  refinery 

2.42 

Total  cost  
In  terms  copper  del.  to  RR  

....        R365.19 
....        R369.63 

341 


342 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  KYSHTIM  CORPORATION,  LTD.— Continued 


Production 


1912 


1911 


Costs  (s.  and  £)  : 
Mining  
Smelting  
Transport  
Overhead  expenses  

Per  ton 
ore 
6.1s. 
8.0 
.5 
.8 

Per  ton 
blister 
£13.64 
17.77 
1.05 
1.68 

Per  ton        Per  ton 
ore             blister 
5.9s.          £13.43 
7.4                16.83 
.6                  1  .  34 
1.2                  2  .  72 

Total  

15  4s 

£34  14 

15  Is           £34  32 

Refinery  cost  per  ton  blister  
Transport  to  refinery  

4.06 
0.25 

Total  cost  .    . 

£38  45 

Net  cost  after  credit  of  gold  and  silver  in 
refinery  slimes  (approximate). 
Cost  per  pound,  cents  
Development,  feet  

£22. 

4.8 
9  351 

£20.3 

4.4 
7  303 

Grades  ore  reserves  (per  long  ton)  : 
Copper,  per  cent  
Gold,  ounces  
Silver,  ounces  

3.0 
.1 
1  0 

i  Shipped. 

Remarks.— The  Kyshtim  Corporation  is  the  English  Company.  The 
Kyshtim  Mining  Works  Co.  is  the  Russian  Company.  The  shares  of  the 
latter  are  held  by  the  Kyshtim  Corporation.  The  works  are  located  at 
Kyshtim,  Russia.  Accessibility. — Kyshtim  is  on  Siberian  Railway,  mines 
and  smelter  30  miles  away,  connected  by  Co.  Ry.  36-in.  gauge. 

Character  of  ore-body. — Lenticular,  replacements  in  belt  of  schist,  in  the 
main  narrowing  to  the  north  and  widening  into  impregnated  zone  to  the 
south.  Character  of  ore :  Massive  pyrite,  with  some  schistose. 

Width. — Varies,  largest  35  ft.  maximum  and  following  above  rule.  One 
of  the  principal  ore-bodies  has  the  following  dimensions:  Aggregate  length, 
2950  ft.;  Average  width,  13.3  ft.;  average  grade,  3.18  percent,  copper. 

Method  of  opening. — Two  inclined  shafts  in  footwall,  one  incline  (old)  in 
ore,  three  main  vertical.  Method  of  mining. — Square-sets. 

Depth  of  mine. — Deepest   750  ft.     Ore  proven  by  bore-holes  to  900  ft. 

Amount  water  pumped. — Small,  not  over  75  gallons  a  minute  at  any  one 
mine.  Method  of  ore  reduction. — Pyritic  smelting  for  coarse  (+  |  in.); 
fines  and  flue-dust  in  gas-fired  reverberatories  (regenerative). 

General  Conditions. — Labour  cheap  and  mediumly  efficient.  Mechanical 
work  as  good  as  anywhere.  Masonry  poor.  Furnace  work  good.  Super- 
vision excellent.  Fuel  is  wood  and  coal,  coal  high  in  ash.  Copper  is  re- 
fined electrolytically  at  the  Lower  Kyshtim  Works. 

In  addition  to  the  copper  mines  and  smelters,  the  Kyshtim  Co.  operates 
iron  works,  gold  and  silver  alluvial  deposits,  sulphur  pyrites  mines,  etc. 
See  also  Appendix,  pages  392  and  395 


GERMANY 


MANSFIELD  COPPERSCHIST  MINING  CO. 
GERMANY 


Tons  metric,  currency  marks 


1912 


1911 


Electrolytic  copper,  tons  

20,503 

20,850 

Silver,  kg 

112  651 

113  272 

Total  income,  marks 

43  864  102 

35  735  098 

Net  income 

15  017  390 

Net  profit  after  bond  int.  dep.,  etc  

3,077,879 

Mine: 
Ore  production,  tons  

879  695 

795  206 

Cost  per  ton,  marks  

25  70 

23  95 

Contents  ore  shipped  to  smelter  
Smelter  : 
Matte  produced,  tons  

Copper  kg.  silver 
25.70       0.0155 

53,888 

Copper  kg.  silver 
29.31         0.020 

52,847 

Copper  recovered 

24  57 

26  15 

Black  copper  produced,  tons  

28,248 

28,863 

SPAIN 

RIO  TINTO  COMPANY,  LTD. 

SPAIN 

The  annual  reports  contain  very  few  data  of  interest  and  no  operating  costs.     The 
following  figures  on  production  may  be  of  interest: 


1912 


1911 


Tons  mined  for  shipment  without  treatment  
Tons  mined  for  local  treatment  

698,399 
1,708,570 

649,215 
1,536,390 

Tons  copper  sold 

2,406,969 
39  925 

2,185,605 
33  385 

Price  received  

£73     Is.      Od. 

£56     Is.      9d. 

TH ARSIS  SULPHUR  AND  COPPER  CO.,  LTD. 
ALOSUO,  HUELVA,   SPAIN 


Year  ending  Dec.  31, 


1912 


1911  1910 


Net  profit 

£253  066 

£188  140 

£161  211 

Production  tons  refined  copper  

3,377 

3,393 

3,494 

Tons  ore  extracted  Tharsis  Mine 

33  480 

50  741 

52  031 

Tons  ore  and  sterile  extracted  Calanas 

331  322 

282  027 

321  266 

Total  ore  raised  excluding  sterile  
Total  tons  shipped  
Cost  data  not  available.  — 

352,281 
555,616 

327,348 
481,700 

362,750 
468,622 

343 


APPENDIX 


APPENDIX  347 

ALASKA  TREDWELL  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

TOTALS  FROM  1885  TO  1911  WAGE  SCALE 

Tons  milled $12,089,540  Machine  drillers $3.50  day 

Tons  yield 29,400,313. 10     Machine  helpers 3.25  day 

Yield  per  ton 2.43     Mine  laborers 3.00  day 

Concentrate  per  ton 1 . 34     Amalgamators 120  per  mo. 

Dividend 12,135,000  Feeders 100  per  mo. 

Vannermen 95  to  130  mo. 

Machinists  and  helpers 3  to  7  day 

Blacksmiths 5  to  6  day 

Tool  sharpeners 4 . 50  day 

Blacksmiths'  helpers 3.00  day 

Remarks. — The  mine  is  located  on  Douglas  Island  at  tide  water.  The 
ore-bodies  are  large  zones  of  altered  albite  diorite  reaching  a  width  of 
over  400  ft.  The  present  depth  by  shaft  is  2000  ft.  The  ore  is  gold  bearing 
with  the  values  nearly  evenly  distributed  in  free  gold  and  in  the  iron  pyrites. 
The  mine  was  first  operated  by  open-pit  method  but  for  several  years  it  has 
been  operated  entirely  through  shafts.  The  workings  are  supported  by 
pillars  of  ore.  A  heavy  construction  expense  occurred  in  1912.  New  shaft, 
hoist,  concrete  ore  bins  and  cyanide  plant  for  concentrates  have  been 
installed. 

The  milling  method  is  as  follows:  The  ore  is  crushed  in  large  gyratory 
crushers,  stamped,  amalgamated,  concentrated  on  vanners  and  the  con- 
centrates from  the  three  mines  cyanided  in  one  plant.  The  Tread  well, 
Mexican  and  United  are  under  one  control  and  management. 

THE  BISBEE  CAMP 

Located  a  few  miles  north  of  the  Mexican  line.  Though  situated  far 
south  the  elevation  is  sufficiently  high  to  give  excellent  climatic  conditions. 
The  principal  mines  of  the  camp  are  Copper  Queen,  Calumet  &  Arizona, 
Superior  &  Pittsburg  (now  merged  with  Calumet  and  Arizona)  and  the 
Shattuck-Arizona.  The  ore-bodies  occur  in  carboniferous  limestone,  near 
granite  porphyry.  Limestone  dips  30  deg.  and  has  a  thickness  of  50  to  100 
ft.  normal.  On  the  Copper  Queen  property  the  ore  comes  to  the  surface. 
It  occurs  at  greater  depth  on  the  Calumet  and  Arizona  property  and  still 
greater  on  the  Superior  and  Pittsburg  property.  The  ores  consist  of  rich 
oxides  of  copper,  black  and  red,  malachite  and  azurite,  pyrite,  chalcopyrite 
and  copper  glance.  Oxide  ores  are  sometimes  found  at  great  depth,  while 
sulphides  have  been  found  near  the  surface.  The  ore  shipped  averages 
6  to  7  per  cent,  copper  with  gold  and  silver  values.  The  proportion  of  sul- 
phide ore  to  oxide  is  increasing  and  roughly  2  tons  of  former  are  being 
developed  to  one  of  latter.  Owing  to  the  occurrence  of  the  ore-bodies, 
which  are  in  big  masses  scattered  through  the  ledge  matter,  the  amount  of 


348  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

development  which  has  to  be  carried  on  is  very  great.  This  is  but  one  of 
the  items  which  is  responsible  for  the  high  costs  in  this  district.  The  ore- 
bodies  occur  in  soft  ground  and  have  to  be  timbered  as  soon  as  opened.  The 
pressure  is  very  great,  breaking  the  largest  timbers.  The  timber  charge 
per  ton  of  ore  is  heavy.  Timber  costs  $28  per  M.  In  the  Calumet  and 
Arizona  and  Superior  and  Pittsburg  mines  the  water  is  an  expensive  item 
(See  Superior  &  Pittsburg.). 

CALUMET  AND  ARIZONA  MINING  CO. 

Note. — The  costs  per  ton  worked  out  from  the  annual  reports  do  not  check 
with  the  cost  per  pound  given  in  the  reports.  This  is  due  to  certain  ores 
from  the  Courtland  camp  not  being  included.  The  figures  shown  on  cost 
per  ton  are  derived  after  certain  estimates  are  made  on  these  ores.  In  several 
cases  the  management  has  given  tonnage  figures  not  given  in  the  reports. 

Remarks. — Property  is  developed  by  two  working  shafts,  the  Irish  Mag 
and  the  Oliver.  Maximum  depth  1600  ft.  Ore-bodies  occur  in  limestone 
near  porphyry  contact.  They  are  irregular  in  form  and  often  very  large. 
Ore  consists  of  carbonates  and  oxides  of  copper,  malachite,  azurite,  black 
and  red  oxides  and  native  copper.  The  sulphide  ore-bodies  consist  of 
chalcopyrite  and  chalcocite.  The  method  of  mining  is  square  setting. 
Owing  to  the  very  heavy  character  of  the  ground  little  ore  is  opened  ahead 
of  the  stopes.  Ground  requires  heavy  timbering.  Timber  is  very  high. 
All  ore  is  smelted  direct,  and  is  sorted  to  smelting  grade.  Although  some 
water  is  encountered  it  is  not  excessive.  The  smelter  is  located  at  Douglas, 
25  miles  from  the  mine,  to  which  it  is  connected  by  rail.  This  plant  treats 
the  Superior  &  Pittsburg  and  Shattuck-Arizona  ores.  In  1913  the  company 
placed  in  commission  its  new  $2,000,000  smelter.  The  company  is  said  to 
have  low  freight  rate  between  these  points.  Blister  copper  is  shipped  to 
Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining.  Electric  power  is  used  at  both  mine  and 
smelter. 

SHATTUCK  ARIZONA  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Shattuck-Arizona  mine  is  developed  to  a  depth  of  900  ft. 
Property  is  opened  by  one  shaft.  Connection  is  made,  however,  with  the 
Calumet  &  Arizona,  Copper  Queen  and  Wolverine  workings,  which  gives 
good  air.  Total  development  aggregates  8  miles.  The  ore-bodies  are  ir- 
regular in  shape  in  the  limestone,  varying  from  a  few  feet  to  100  ft.  in 
width.  One  of  these  bodies  is  1200  ft.  in  length. 

The  method  of  mining  is  by  square-set  or  stulls.  Timber  is  expensive, 
costing  from  $20  to  $22  per  thousand,  Oregon  pine  being  used.  The  water 
is  not  excessive  as  at  some  of  the  Bisbee  mines,  and  amounts  to  from  40  to 
50  gal.  a  minute.  Pumps  not  operated  continuously.  Power  is  generated 


APPENDIX 


349 


from  oil  pumped  up  to  the  mine  from  the  railroad.     Ore  is  transported  to 
railroad  by  3500-ft.  aerial  tramway. 

The  ore  consists  of  chalcocite,  carbonates  of  copper,  native  copper  in 
bunches,  also  cuprite.     A  rough  analysis  of  the  ore  is  as  follows: 


Iron 

Lime 

SiOz 

A1203 


20-25  per  cent. 

1.9  per  cent. 

16  per   cent. 

10  per   cent. 


The  ores  are  shipped  by  rail  to  the  Calumet  &  Arizona  smelter  at 
Douglass,  25  miles  distant, where  they  are  smelted 

DETROIT  COPPER  MINING  OF  ARIZONA 

Note. — Costs  per  ton  are  not  available. 

By  the  introduction  of  new  systems  of  mining,  the  tons  mined  per  man 
in  1909  was  2.566  against  1.81  tons  in  1908.  During  the  year  the  following 
tonnage  was  mined:  55,900  square-setting,  75,077  caving,  217,160  slicing. 

During  1911  the  relative  costs  wera  as  follows: 


Slicing 

Block 
caving 

Square  set 
and  fill 

Under-hand, 
sq.-set  and 
back-filling 

Gopher 
and  fill 

Cost  sq.  setting  as  basis  
Timber  used  per  ton,  ft.  B.M  

81.6 
9.03 

54.8 
1.85 

100 
10.19 

127 
14.99 

51 
1.8 

Average  timber  used,  8.985. 

Remarks. — Location  Morenci,  Ariz.  Has  rail  connection  with  S.  P.  R.  R. 
Operates  several  large  mines.  Method  of  opening  adits  and  shafts.  Deepest 
workings  not  over  500  ft.  Ores  are  chalcocite  and  chalcopyrite,  both  as 
disseminations  and  network  of  interlacing  veins  in  monzonite  porphyry. 
Method  of  mining  principally  top  slicing,  but  some  ore  is  mined  by  square- 
setting  and  block  caving.  Equipment  includes  concentrator  and  smelter 
with  converters  both  situated  at  the  mines.  Water  for  concentration  is 
pumped  6  miles  against  600  ft.  head.  It  is  re-used.  Blister  copper  is 
refined  at  Atlantic  seaboard. 

RAY  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — Property  located  at  Ray,  Arizona.  Mine  and  mill  situated  on 
railroad.  Company  owns  R.  R.  from  mine  to  Ray  Junction,  7  miles.  Haul 
is  thence  by  So.  Pac.  R.  R.,  14  miles  to  concentrator. 

Formation  is  Pinal  schist,  called  porphyry.  Ores  are  disseminated,  con- 
sisting  of  secondary  chalcocite.  Aver,  thickness  overburden  252  ft. 
Aver,  thickness  ore  101  ft.  Churn-drilling  covered  area  183  acres.  Ore- 
body  7000  ft.  in  length  by  max.  of  2000  ft.  wide.  Ore  reserves  Dec.  31, 


350  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

1913,  78,380,966  tons  assaying  2.20  per  cent,  copper.     Property  opened  by 
3  main  shafts.     Development  aggregates  55  miles. 

Method  of  mining  "shrinkage  stopes."  Stopes  15  ft.,  pillars  10  ft.; 
pillars  are  drawn  with  the  broken  ore.  Main  drifts  are  driven  at  right  angles 
to  stopes.  Method  known  as  "Gates  method."  This  system  is  giving 
very  good  results.  Mine  has  electric  haulage  throughout,  in  fact,  entire 
plant  operated  by  electricity.  Power  is  generated  at  concentrator  from 
coal  and  transmitted  to  mine.  Ore  hoisted  in  12-ton  skips.  Ore  crushed 
to  1  in.  size  at  mine.  Concentrator  8000  tons 'daily  normal  capacity.  Will 
probably  handle  10,000  tons.  Concentrates  are  smelted  at  A.  S.  &  R. 
Smelter  which  is  situated  at  the  mill.  Company  has  very  low  smelting 
rate.  Blister  copper  is  shipped  east  for  refining. 

YUBA  CONSOLIDATED  GOLDFIELDS 

Remarks. — Company  operates  13  dredges.  In  1912,  eleven  were  operated 
continuously  and  part  of  the  year  13.  The  new  No.  13  dredge  is  said  to  be 
the  largest  in  the  world.  It  handles  nearly  8300  yd.  a  day  at  an  average 
cost  of  3.  \\£  per  yard.  This  is  stated  to  be  the  highest  efficiency  in  dredge 
construction.  The  operating  conditions  are  very  favorable  at  the  Yuba 
Consolidated  property.  Electric  power  is  cheap.  Climatic  conditions 
good,  winters  mild  and  many  other  conditions  which  make  for  low  costs. 

PENN  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — Sou.  Pac.  R.  R.,  5  miles. 

Occurrence  of  Ore. — Lenses. 

Character  of  Ore-bodies  and  Width. — 65  deg.  dip,  irregular  widths. 

Character  of  Ore  and  Analysis. — Sulphides,  30  per  cent.  S,  20  per  cent.  Fe. 

Method  of  Development  of  Mine. — Shafts  75  deg.  and  1450  ft. 

Method  of  Mining. — Butte  stull  system,  back  filling. 

Capacity  of  Smelter. — Two  hundred  tons. 

Remarks  Pertaining  to  Operating  Conditions. — Reverberatory  oil-fired 
furnaces.  Local  labor. 

Note. — It  has  been  impossible  to  obtain  costs  at  this  property.  The  above 
data  on  production,  grade  ore,  etc.,  may  be  of  value  in  giving  information 
on  the  copper  deposits  in  this  section  of  California. 

FIRST  NATIONAL  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Balaklala  mine  is  located  3  miles  from  Coram,  a  station 
on  the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific,  where  the  smelter  is  situated. 
The  ore-bodies  occur  in  a  rhyolite  formation,  the  ore  being  in  large  masses  as 
replacement  of  country  rock.  The  ore-bodies  dip  at  a  slight  angle.  They 
average  in  the  neighbourhood  of  40ft.  thick,  and  are  of  considerable  extent, 


APPENDIX  351 

the  largest  body  being  roughly  800  to  1000  ft.  long  by  300  ft.  wide  and  40 
ft.  thick.  Development  is  carried  on  entirely  by  tunnel. 

The  ore  is  a  heavy  homogeneous  iron  pyrite  carrying  from  2|  per  cent, 
to  3  per  cent,  copper,  with  about  $1  gold  and  silver  values.  The  method 
of  mining  is  caving,  very  little  timber  being  used.  The  ore  is  dropped  by 
gravity  and  hauled  by  electric  locomotives  to  the  ore-bins,  thence  by  aerial 
tramway  to  the  reduction  works.  The  ores  are  smelted  direct.  The  smelter 
is  of  1250  tons  capacity,  consisting  of  three  blast  furnaces  and  onereverber- 
atory.  The  average  analysis  of  the  Balaklala  ore  is  as  follows:  Gold, 
.025  oz.;  silver,  .944  oz.;  copper,  2.627  per  cent.;  iron,  29.4  per  cent.; 
silica,  23.88  per  cent.;  alumina,  4.85  per  cent.;  sulphur,  35.35  per  cent.;  zinc, 
2.6  per  cent.  The  ore  is  smelted  to  a  25  per  cent,  matte. 

The  First  National  Copper  Co.  has  experienced  great  difficulty  with  the 
farmers  owing  to  sulphur  fumes  given  off  in  smelting  and  operations  were 
discontinued  in  1911.  The  property  was  still  shut  down  at  the  close  of 
1913.  At  that  time,  however,  there  was  installed  the  Hall  Desulphurizing 
Process.  This  method  was  tried  out  in  1914. 

CAMP  BIRD  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  ore-bodies  occur  in  a  fissure  vein  in  andesite.  The  stop- 
ing  width  is  from  5  ft.  to  8  ft.  The  ore  is  hard,  white  to  blue  quartz  carrying 
gold  in  the  native  state  and  in  iron  pyrites. 

The  vein  is  back-stoped.  The  workings  are  tunnels  and  underground 
shafts.  The  ore  is  stamped,  amalgamated,  concentrated  and  the  tails 
cyanided.  The  costs  of  this  property  are  comparatively  high  owing  to  its 
being  about  8  miles  from  the  railroad  which  necessitates  hauling  concen- 
trates and  supplies  over  a  hard  mountain  road  which  in  winter  is  at  times 
impassable  owing  to  heavy  snow.  The  mine  is  located  at  an  altitude  of 
about  11,000  ft.  and  connected  with  the  mill  by  an  aerial  tramway.  Fre- 
quent snowslides  are  a  source  of  expense  and  interruption. 


Mill  has  40  stamps 

Tons 

Gross  value 

Net  value 

Gross  ave. 
value  per  ton 

Production  since  1903 \      702,209         I    $20,084,450    |  $12.951,193      I         $28.50 

LIBERTY  BELL  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  vein  is  a  fissure  varying  in  width  from  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  The 
ore  is  gold-  and  silver-bearing  quartz  containing  iron  pyrites.  The  mine  is 
operated  through  tunnel  levels.  The  ore  is  sent  to  the  mill  over  an  aerial 
tram.  The  milling  method  is  crushing  by  stamps,  amalgamation,  concen- 
tration, regrinding  and  cyaniding.  The  railroad  and  smelting  facilities  are 
good.  Winters  are  very  severe  which  at  times  interfere  with  operations. 


352  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

The  company  has  discontinued  publishing  its  cost,  consequently  the  year 
1912  as  shown  here  is  incomplete. 

IRON  SILVER  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  company  operates  the  Moyer  and  Tucson  mines.  Devel- 
opment is  entirely  by  shafts  to  a  depth  of  about  800  ft.  In  addition  to  the 
development  work  now  being  carried  on  at  these  two  mines  work  is  being 
done  on  the  Blind  Tom  and  South  Moyer.  According  to  the  1913  report 
the  ore  shoot  in  the  Moyer  mine  which  was  discovered  late  in  1911  and  which 
has  been  the  only  important  source  of  production  since  that  time  has  proved 
to  be  one  of  the  largest  ore-bodies  ever  developed  in  the  Iron-Silver  property. 
It  has  been  opened  to  date  for  a  continuous  length  of  400  ft.,  averages 
70  ft.  in  width  and  25  ft.  in  thickness.  The  limitations  of  the  ore-body  to 
the  southward  have  not  yet  been  determined. 

The  method  of  mining  employed  at  the  Moyer  mine  is  the  square-set 
system  of  timbering,  re-inforced  by  waste  filling.  The  ground  is  very  heavy 
and  many  sets  cannot  be  left  open  at  one  time  without  danger  of  caving.  As 
the  ore  is  taken  out  the  sets  are  filled  in  behind  the  working  faces.  This 
filling  is  obtained  from  exploratory  drifts  and  workings  in  the  surrounding 
porphyry.  All  the  ore  is  shipped  as  broken.  Under  the  conditions  which 
exist  the  mining  method  is  the  most  satisfactory  and  cheapest  for  this  ore- 
body — it  avoids  the  use  of  any  considerable  quantity  of  timber.  The  ore- 
shoot  is  entirely  enclosed  in  white  porphyry.  Those  previously  worked  were 
located  along  the  porphyry  blue  lime  contact. 

At  the  Tuscon  mine  the  ores  are  much  more  widely  scattered  than  at  the 
Moyer  and  a  large  amount  of  development  work  has  to  be  carried  on. 

The  character  of  the  ore  may  be  had  from  the  above  production  data. 
The  ores  are  shipped  to  the  Leadville  smelters,  to  Florence  and  Canyon  City 
plants  and  some  to  the  Western  Chemical  Co. 

No  cost  data  are  available. 

YAK  MINING,   MILLING  &  TUNNEL  CO. 

Remarks.- — Property  is  developed  by  the  Yak  Tunnel,  located  700  ft.  below 
the  surface  and  also  by  other  workings  to  a  depth  of  1300  ft.  The  ore  is 
trammed  through  tunnel  and  dumped  into  railroad  cars  and  transported  to 
the  smelters.  Much  of  the  Yak  iron  ore  has  the  following  composition: 
Iron,  40  per  cent.;  silica,  5  per  cent.;  upward  40  per  cent,  sulphur;  5  to  12 
oz.  silver;  0.05  oz.  gold;  trace  lead  and  trace  copper.  The  ore  occurs  in 
stringers,  blanket  veins  and  shoots,  the  last  named  varying  up  to  150  ft.  X 150 
ft.  X 150  ft.  These  bodies  are  worked  by  square-setting,  the  stopes  after  the 
ore  is  removed  are  filled  with  waste.  The  method  of  treatment  is  direct- 
smelting,  and  the  ore  is  not  subjected  to  any  preliminary  water  concentration. 


APPENDIX  353 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  1910,  when  the  average  value  ore  shipped  was  less 
than  $4  and  the  cost  of  mining  and  tramming  was  less  than  $2.50,  that  even 
on  this  extremely  low-grade  ore,  allowing  for  credits,  there  was  a  small 
profit.  These  low-grade  ores  are  extensive.  This  property  produces  the 
various  oxide  and  sulphide  ores  of  lead,  zinc  and  iron  customary  to  that  dis- 
trict, although  some  of  them  at  times  in  small  quantities.  The  principal 
ore  mined,  however,  is  an  iron  sulphide,  which  occurs  in  large  bodies,  but  the 
market  for  which  is  limited  by  the  smaller  output  of  siliceous  ores  with  which 
the  sulphide  is  combined  in  smelting.  The  ores  are  sent  to  the  Colorado 
plants,  to  Kansas  and  Oklahoma  zinc  smelters,  Tola,  Kansas  and 
Argentine,  Kansas,  and  other  points,  for  making  sulphuric  acid.  The  data 
in  this  report,  based  upon  operations  of  the  year  1910,  and  prior  to  that 
time,  have  not  varied  greatly  since  said  date  and  up  to  Oct.,  1913. 

STEWART  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — Connected  by  gravity-tramway  with  Wallace 
branch  of  the  O.  Ry.  &  Nav.  Co.  Adjoins  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mines  at 
Kellogg,  Idaho.  Character  of  ore. — Galena  carrying  silver,  values  being 
approximately  for  lead  57  per  cent,  of  total  value  and  for  silver  43  per  cent, 
of  total  value.  Character  of  ore -body. — It  lies  in  the  Burke  quartzite  and  oc- 
curs as  a  replacement  of  same  along  a  regular  fissure  cutting  the  bedding 
planes  of  enclosing  strata.  Width  of  ore -body. — 3  ft.  to  56  ft.,  average  width 
about  10  ft.  Method  of  mining. — Over-head  stoping  using  stull  timbering 
and  where  necessary  square-sets.  Method  of  opening. — Tunnels,  three  in 
number,  connected  by  inside  shafts  or  raises.  Depth  of  mine. — About  600  ft. 
Amount  of  water  pumped. — Drainage  is  through  tunnels,  no  pumping  except 
in  sinking  winzes.  Method  of  ore  reduction. — Wet  concentration  of  second 
class,  first  class  smelted  at  A.  S.  &  R.  Co.  works,  Helena,  Mont.  General 
conditions. — Mining  and  milling  about  450  tons  daily  from  which  15  tons  of 
first  class  is  sorted.  Grade  of  concentrating  ore  9|  per  cent.  Pb.  and  10  oz. 
Ag.  Grade  of  first  class  ore  46  per  cent.  Pb.  and  48  oz.  Ag.  Average  net 
profits  per  month  since  Jan.  1,  1913,  have  been  $39,895.  Mill  and  smelter, 
where  located. — Milling  done  in  Mammoth  Mill  at  Wallace,  leased  from 
Federal  Mng.  &  Smelting  Co. 

AHMEEK  MINING  CO. 

Mine. — The  mine  is  developed  by  four  shafts.  Two  of  these  shafts  are 
inclines  sunk  at  about  40  deg.  The  other  two  shafts  at  the  Ahmeek,  which 
are  sunk  in  the  hanging  wall,  are  at  an  angle  of  80  deg.  On  striking  the  lode 
these  shafts  are  curved  until  the  direction  of  the  vein  is  attained.  The 
Ahmeek  property  is  developed  to  a  depth  of  more  than  2700  ft.  The 
Kearsarge  lode  averages  12  to  14  ft.  in  width.  The  method  of  mining  em- 

23 


354  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

ployed  is  back  stoping.  The  dip  of  the  lode  is  slightly  over  40  deg.  The 
equipment  at  the  mine  is  very  complete. 

Mill. — The  Ahmeek  mill  is  equipped  with  four  stamps.  .It  is  the  intention 
of  the  management  to  install  two  more.  Steam  power  is  employed. 

Ahmeek  is  one  of  the  lowest-cost  producers  of  any  of  the  Lake  mines. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

ALLOUEZ  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — This  property  adjoins  the  Ahmeek.  Operations  were  origi- 
nally carried  on  on  the  Allouez  conglomerate.  Development  was  then  con- 
ducted on  the  Osceola  lode,  but  this  was  later  abandoned.  Present  work 
is  confined  to  the  Kearsarge  amygdaloid.  Copper  occurs  in  native  state 
disseminated  through  the  amygdaloid.  This  lode  averages  approximately 
12  ft.  in  width.  The  mine  is  developed  by  two  main  shafts.  These  shafts 
started  at  very  steep  angles  until  near  the  lode,  when  they  curved  to  conform 
to  dip  of  the  vein.  The  vein  averages  from  38  deg.  to  39  deg.  The  Allouez 
company  owns  a  half  interest  in  the  Lake  Milling,  Smelting  &  Refining  Co. 
and  its  ore  is  treated  at  this  plant,  together  with  that  of  the  Centennial 
mine.  The  plant  is  equipped  with  six  stamps.  Two  of  these  have  been 
employed  on  Allouez  rock.  During  year  1912  the  one-man  drill  was  installed 
and  by  the  middle  of  1913  these  were  used  throughout  the  mine.  Shortage 
of  trammers  has  tended  to  keep  -down  production. 

In  1913  production  was  seriously  curtailed  owing  to  labor  strike. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

BALTIC  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Baltic  is  the  most  northerly  of  the  Copper  Range  proper- 
ties, the  Baltic,  Trimountain  and  Champion.  The  company's  mining  opera- 
tions' are  confined  to  the  Baltic  Amygdaloid  lode,  which  lode  is  continuous 
through  and  worked  in  all  three  properties.  The  Baltic  property  is  devel- 
oped by  four  inclined  shafts  extending  over  a  distance  of  approximately 
3000  ft.  The  maximum  depth  attained  Jan.  1,  1913,  was  2526  ft.  The  dip 
of  the  Baltic  lode  is.  much  steeper  than  the  lodes  at  the  other  copper  prop- 
erties in  the  Lake  District,  being  about  70  deg.  The  dip  of  the  lode  at  the 
Baltic  mine  is  the  steepest  of  any  of  the  Copper  Range  properties,  and 
averages  about  73  deg.  The  Baltic  lode  averages  around  30  ft.  in  width 
with  a  maximum  width  of  60  to  75  ft. 

The  method  of  mining  in  the  Copper  Range  properties  differs  from  that 
of  the  other  Michigan  mines  and  is  known  as  the  Baltic  system.  The 
Baltic  lode  is  a  wide  strong  bed,  well-mineralized  but  well  adapted  to  sorting. 


APPENDIX  355 

In  addition  to  this  condition,  bodies  of  copper  rock  are  found  in  the  walls. 
The  method  originally  employed  was  one  of  broken  ore  in  the  stopes,  but 
it  was  found  that  the  method  was  not  well  adapted  to  the  conditions.  The 
Baltic  System  which  was  devised  consists  in  mining  on  a  filling  of  waste 
with  dry  walls  built  up  along  the  drifts,  thereby  effecting  a  considerable 
saving  in  timbering;  also,  in  the  case  of  mill-holes  where  dry  walls  are  used 
in  place  of  cribbed  chutes.  The  rock  is  sorted  underground,  the  waste  being 
rejected.  The  level  pillars  are  mined  by  caving. 

The  Baltic  mill,  composed  of  two  compound  stamps  and  four  simple 
stamps,  is  located  on  Lake  Superior.  The  mill  is  equipped  with  an  elaborate 
water  system  including  a  very  heavy  concrete  and  steel  dam  across  the  mouth 
of  the  Salmon  River.  The  system  permits  of  a  gravity  flow,  no  pumping 
being  necessary.  The  construction  of  a  plant  for  the  regrinding  of  tailings 
was  installed  during  the  year.  This  is  composed  of  45  Hardinge  mills  at 
the  three  stamp  mills.  Plant  is  operated  by  electricity  generated  from  low- 
pressure  steam  turbine  at  Baltic  mill. 

Steam  power  is  employed  at  both  the  Baltic  mine  and  mill,  coal  being  used 
for  fuel.  Electric .  power  is  generated.  The  Copper  Range  Railroad 
connects  the  mine  and  mill  also  with  Houghton,  Mich.,  and  the  through 
trunk  lines. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

CENTENNIAL  COPPER  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — This  mine  is  situated  at  Calumet,  Mich.  The  property 
contains  the  Calumet  conglomerate,  Osceola  amygdaloid  and  the  Kea-rsarge 
amygdaloid.  Copper  occurs  in  native  state  disseminated  throughout  the 
beds.  Both  the  Calumet  and  the  Osceola  lodes  were  operated  unsuccess- 
fully. Development  is  now  confined  to  the  Kearsarge  amygdaloid  This 
lode  averages  around  12  ft.  in  width,  is  developed  by  two  shafts,  Nos.  1 
and  2.  The  No.  1  shaft  has  attained  a  depth  of  3821  ft.  and  the  No.  2 
shaft  4158  ft.  The  lodes  at  the  Centennial  property  have  a  dip  of  from 
38  deg.  to  40  deg.  The  method  of  mining  is  by  back  stoping.  The  property 
is  equipped  with  steel  shaft  house,  rock  house,  compressor  plant,  boiler 
plant,  etc.  Steam  power  is  used.  Rock  from  the  Centennial  mine  is  treated 
at  the  Lake  Milling,  Smelting  &  Refining  Company's  plant.  This  mill 
consists  of  six  heads,  two  of  which  are  assigned  to  the  Centennial  rock. 
During  year  1912  the  Leyner-Ingersoll  one-man  drill  was  adopted.  The  mine 
and  mill  have  railway  connections,  being  situated  on  the  Copper  Range  and 
Mineral  Range  Railroads. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 


356  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

CHAMPION  COPPER-CO. 

Remarks. — Champion  is  one  of  the  Copper  Range  properties.  It  is 
located  southwest  of  the  Trimountain  mine.  The  principal  developments 
are  on  the  Baltic  lode,  which  traverses  all  the  Copper  Range  territory.  The 
bed  in  Champion  ground  averages  about  25  ft.  in  width,  but  in  places  swells 
to  50  ft.  The  dip  is  about  70  deg.  The  mine  is  developed  by  four  large 
inclined  shafts.  The  maximum  depth  attained  is  2514  ft.  The  method  of 
mining  employed  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Baltic,  namely,  mining  on  a  filling 
of  waste.  Electric  power  is  employed  at  the  mine,  being  generated  from 
steam.  Mine  has  electric  haulage.  Improved  drilling  machines  were 
installed  in  1912. 

The  mill  is  located  at  Freda  on  Lake  Superior.  It  contains  four  compound 
stamps  and  two  simple  stamps.  The  total  capacity  of  the  plant  is  about 
4,000  tons.  The  mill  is  operated  by  steam  power.  The  water  used  is 
pumped  from  the  lake.  The  mine  and  mill  are  connected  by  the  Copper 
Range  R.  R. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

ISLE  ROYAL  COPPER  CO.  OF  N.  J. 

Remarks. — The  Isle  Royale  property  is  situated  southeast  of  town  of 
Houghton,  Mich.  Company's  operations  are  confined  to  the  Isle  Royale 
and  Portage  amygdaloid  beds.  Copper  occurs  in  native  state  disseminated 
through  the  formation.  The  mine  is  developed  by  four  important  shafts. 
A  new  No.  7  shaft  is  now  being  sunk.  The  property  is  opened  by  incline 
shafts  to  a  depth  of  over  3000  ft.  Three  other  shafts  vary  from  1200  to 
2000  ft.  The  Isle  Royale  lode  averages  about  12  ft.  in  width;  45  per  cent, 
of  the  lode  is  actually  stoped  and  15  per  cent,  of  the  stoped  rock  discarded. 
Method  of  mining  employed  is  back  stoping. 

The  Isle  Royale  mill  is  located  about  a  mile  from  the  mine  on  Portage 
Lake.  Mine  and  mill  are  connected  by  company  railroad  and  both  with 
through  trunk-lines.  During  1912  the  one-man  drill  was  installed  and  by 
July,  1913,  it  is  stated  that  two-thirds  of  the  drills  in  use  were  of  this  type. 
During  1912  the  company  suffered  from  shortage  of  labor.  This  has  been 
one  of  the  causes  which  contributed  to  higher  costs. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

LAKE  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks.- — The  Lake  Mine  is  situated  about  30  miles  west  of  Houghton, 
Michigan.  The  property  is  located  on  a  continuation  of  the  copper  belt  on 
which  the  large  producers  are  situated.  The  formation  in  general  is  the 
same  as  the  other  properties  at  "the  Lake."  Development  work  has  been 


APPENDIX 


357 


carried  on  in  an  amygdaloidal  bed  averaging  50  to  100  ft.  in  width.  The 
mineralized  portion  of  the  lode  is  very  irregular.  At  times  rich  rock  is  en- 
countered with  much  mass  copper.  The  dip  of  the  lode  at  the  surface  is 
about  37°  but  flattens  out  as  depth  is  attained.  Mine  is  down  to  eleventh 
level. 

The  conditions  at  Lake  are  similar  to  those  at  the  Baltic  and  the  filling 
system  of  that  property  is  used  in  mining.  System  is  satisfactory  but  pick- 
ing and  filling  is  expensive.  In  places,  owing  to  scarcity  of  suitable  rocks, 
timber  has  been  employed  for  the  rock  walls  and  has  been  found  cheaper. 
Lake  ships  its  rock  to  both  the  Trimountain  and  Baltic  Mills. 

Lake  is  one  of  the  newer  Michigan  copper  properties.  For  several  years 
it  has  been  in  development  and  equipment  stage.  Production  was  begun 
during  1912. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

MASS  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

Cost  per  Pound. — The  following  results  were  obtained  in  the  first  and  last 
five  months  of  the  year  1912. 


First  five  months, 
cost  per  pound 
refined  copper 

Last  five  months, 
cost  per  pound 
refined  copper 

Total  tons  stamped 

40  443 

80  234 

Average  tons  stamped  per  day 

311  1 

622  0 

Pounds  refined  copper  produced  

660,341 

1,189  232 

Mining  and  development  expense 

10202 

07619 

Surface  expense  
Office  and  general  expense  
Taxes  and  insurance  

.01892 
.00241 
00733 

.01712 
.00131 
00407 

Freight  on  rock  and  mineral  
Stamp  mill  expense 

.01078 
02489 

.01187 
02051 

Smelting,  freight  and  eastern  expense  

.01673 

.01355 

Total  mining  cost  

$   .18308 

$   .14462 

Remarks. — General  conditions  are  more  or  less  the  same  as  at  the  other 
Michigan  copper  mines.  See  "Brief  Description  of  Lake  Superior  Copper 
District." 

QUINCY  MINING  CO. 

The  Quincy  reports  have  never  contained  a  great  deal  of  information  on 
tonnage  mined,  sorted,  stamped,  etc.  The  above  figures  on  the  cost  per 
ton  are  calculated  from  what  little  data  are  given  ont  his  subject.  It  will 
be  noted  that  different  tonnages  are  given  in  the  various  reports. 

Remarks. — Quincy  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  Michigan  Copper  mines. 
The  Pewabic  Lode  which  is  worked  at  Quincy  has  been  developed  for 


358  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

over  If  miles  in  length.  The  deepest  shaft  is  approx.  6000  ft.  The 
dip  of  the  lode  in  the  lower  workings  is  37  deg.  Property  is  opened  by 
five  shafts.  The  copper  occurs  in  the  native  form.  The  vein  system  is 
composed  of  several  branches.  The  small  widths  of  these  make  for  high 
cost  of  mining.  Character  of  deposits  necessitates  heavy  development. 
Owing  to  flat  dip  of  lode  rock  has  to  be  helped  down  the  stope.  Company 
has  experienced  some  bad  air-blasts  doing  considerable  damage. 

The  rock  is  treated  at  the  Quincy  mills,  Torch  Lake  6  miles  from  mine. 
One  mill  has  five  heads  the  other  mill  three  heads.  Steam  stamps  are  used. 
Mine  and  mill  connected  by  company  R.  R.  The  Quincy  smelter  is  situated 
at  Hancock  near  the  mine.  Miners'  wages  average  $70  to  $72  per  month. 
Trammers'  wages  average  $65  per  month. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

SUPERIOR  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — Property  is  located  south  of  Houghton  between  Isle  Royale 
and  Baltic  mines.  Operations  are  confined  principally  to  the  Baltic  amyg- 
daloid. Property  is  developed  by  two  incline  shafts,  the  depths  of  which  are 
given  in  the  data  above.  In  addition  to  the  Baltic  lode,  the  company  has 
encountered  and  developed  the  West  Lode.  The  lode  at  the  Superior  mine 
is  very  wide,  running  up  to  130  ft.  and  averaging  from  30  to  40  ft.  The  total 
extent  on  the  lodes  possibly  amounts  to  6500  ft.  Development  has  been 
carried  on  to  a  length  of  over  2500  ft.  The  lodes  dip  to  angle  of  about 
50  deg.  The  copper  occurs  in  the  native  state  disseminated  through  the 
amygdaloid.  The  Superior  rock  is  treated  at  the  Alloucz  Centennial  mill 
owned  by  the  Lake  Milling,  Smelting  &  Refining  Co.  The  mine  is  equipped 
with  steam  power.  Both  mine  and  mill  have  rail  connection. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

TAMARACK  MINING  CO.  OF  MICHIGAN 

Remarks. — The  Tamarack  property  is  situated  adjoining  the  Calumet  & 
Hecla.  At  this  mine  the  under-lay  of  the  Calumet  Conglomerate  and 
Osceola  Amygdaloid  beds  have  been  opened  by  vertical  shafts  rather  than 
by  the  usual  inclined  shafts  found  in  the  Lake  District.  The  property  is 
developed  by  five  shafts.  Tamarack  holds  the  distinction  of  having  the 
deepest  shaft  in  the  world.  The  No.  3  and  No.  5  are  both  over  a  mile  in 
depth.  The  deepest  was  5308  ft.  in  1913.  Mining  has  been  carried  on 
extensively  on  both  Calumet  Conglomerate  and  on  the  Osceola  Amygdaloid. 
In  1912,  however,  operations  on  the  latter  were  discontinued  owing  to  the 
poor  grade  of  rock  encountered.  The  average  width  of  the  lode  is  from  12  ft. 
to  15  ft.  Mining  costs  are  high.  The  conglomerate  hanging-wall  is  weak, 


APPENDIX  359 

requiring  much  timber.  The  pressure  in  the  deep  levels  of  the  mine  is  very 
great  and  heavy  timber  pillars  are  used  to  keep  the  workings  open.  The 
conglomerate  beds  are  more  expensive  to  work  than  the  amygdaloid  beds. 
The  rock  is  harder  to  drill  and  break  and  more  difficult  to  handle.  In  the 
deep  levels  at  the  Tamarack  the  heat  is  excessive  which  also  contributes 
to  the  high  operating  costs.  A  large  amount  of  water  is  encountered.  This 
was  formerly  29,000,000  gal.  a  month.  In  1912  it  averaged  23,600,000  gal., 
but  was  recently  reduced  to  13,000,000  gal. 

The  Tamarack  mill  has  five  stamps.  Mill  is  located  on  Torch  Lake. 
Mineral  is  smelted  at  the  Lake  Superior  Smelting  Co.  The  maximum  pro- 
duction at  Tamarack  took  place  in  1897,  when  slightly  over  20,000,000  Ib. 
of  copper  were  turned  out. 

In  1913  operations  were  greatly  interfered  with  owing  to  a  severe 
labor  strike. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

TRIMOUNTAIN  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Trimountain  is  one  of  the  Copper  Range  properties. 
The  mine  is  located  between  the  Baltic  and  the  Champion.  Property  is 
operated  through  three  large  shafts.  These  shafts  are  inclined  and  follow 
the  dip  of  the  vein  which  is  about  68  deg.  to  70  deg.  The  maximum  depth 
attained  on  the  dip  is  2810  ft.  The  principal  workings  are  confined  to  the 
Baltic  lode.  The  average  width  of  the  lode  is  approximately  20  ft.  with  a 
maximum  width  of  about  50  ft.  Considerable  mass  copper  is  encountered 
in  the  lode,  the  pieces  occasionally  reaching  considerable  size.  The  method 
of  mining  is  the  Baltic  system.  This  consists  of  mining  on  a  filling  of  waste 
rock.  Dry  walling  is  used  on  the  levels  and  for  chutes.  In  this  property 
areas  of  barren  ground  of  considerable  extent  are  encountered  in  the  under- 
ground workings,  these  often  extending  for  several  hundred  feet.  It  is  not 
uncommon  to  find  good  copper  rock  occurring  in  depth  below  a  low-grade 
section  followed  again  by  low-grade  rock,  this  alternation  seeming  to  occur 
both  longitudinally  and  vertically.  Steam  power  is  employed  at  mine  for 
hoisting,  compressing,  etc.  The  mine  has  electric  pumps.  Improved  drill- 
ing machines  were  installed  in  1912. 

The  Trimountain  mill  is  located  on  Lake  Superior.  The  plant  contains 
four  steam  stamps  with  the  usual  equipment  of  jigs  and  tables.  Fine 
grinding  machinery  was  installed  in  1912  for  treating  tailings.  The  mill  is 
operated  by  steam  power  generated  from  coal.  Electric  power  is  used  for 
regrinding.  The  mine  and  mill  are  connected  by  the  Copper  Range  R.  R. 

The  Trimountain  property  has  never  been  such  a  profitable  mine  as  either 
the  Baltic  or  Champion.  In  the  past  few  years,  however,  the  property  has 


360 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


improved  greatly  while  some  of  the  other  Copper  Range  properties  have  not 
been  maintaining  their  former  records. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions,  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

WOLVERINE  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Main  development  is  on  the  Kearsarge  Lode.  Three  work- 
ing shafts  have  been  sunk.  The  vein  dips  approx.  41  deg.  The  deepest 
shafts  are  3600  ft.  to  3800  ft.  and  are  inclined  from  the  surface,  being  in  the 
lode  for  entire  distance.  The  method  of  mining  is  overhead  stoping.  Very 
little  timber  is  used  underground.  The  vein  averages  about  16  ft.  in  width. 
The  copper  occurs  in  the  native  state  scattered  throughout  the  amygdaloid. 
The  rock  is  treated  at  the  Wolverine  Mill  at  Gay,  Michigan,  13  miles  from 
the  mine.  The  plant  is  composed  of  two  heads — 800  tons.  The  mineral 
is  smelted  at  the  Michigan  Smelting  Company,  25  miles  from  the  mill. 
Mines,  mill  and  smelter  are  connected  by  rail. 

For  further  particulars  on  general  operating  conditions  see  "Brief  Description  of  Lake 
Superior  Copper  District." 

EAST  BUTTE  COPPER  CO. 
The  following  results  were  obtained  for  the  year  ending  June  1. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Gross  yield  
Net  earnings  
Tons  treated 

$2,148,796 
$517,393 
110,968 

$1,560,660 
$250,187 
94,532 

$1,376,253 
$118,986 

89,888 

Value  per  ton 

$19.36 

$16.51 

$15  31 

Cost  per  ton: 

Mining.                                    

$4.84 

$4.31 

$3.79 

Treatment  
Smelter  deductions  
Freight,  selling  and  refining  

4.91 
2.54 
2.33 

4.91 
2.14 
2.38 

5.33 
2.05 

2.52 

Total 

$14.62 

$13.74 

$13  69 

Additions  to  equipment  

.14 

.12 

.30 

Remarks. — Property  situated  at  Butte  just  east  of  the  town.  In  1909 
East  Butte  took  over  the  Pittsburgh  and  Montana  Copper  Co.  Company 
owns  several  mines.  Development  work  extensive.  Mines  opened  to 
1500  ft.  in  depth.  Several  veins  contribute  to  production.  One  vein  trace- 
able for  2000  ft.  underground.  Ore-bodies  and  ore  characteristic  same  as 
Butte.  Widths  vary  from  few  feet  up  to  wide  bodies.  Method  of  mining 
square-setting.  The  ores  are  chalcocite,  enargite  and  other  copper  ores 
carrying  good  gold  and  silver  values.  First-class  ore  is  about  73  per  cent. 
of  total  tonnage  and  second  class  27  per  cent.  Company  does  a  custom 
smelting  business.  Property  has  concentrator  and  smelter  located  at 


APPENDIX  361 

the  mine.  This  is  the  only  custom  smelter  at  Butte  outside  of  the  Ana- 
conda plants.  Among  the  custom  shippers  is  the  Keating  Mine  at  Ra- 
dersburg,  Mont.  This  ore  is  high  in  iron  and  of  value  in  fluxing  the  Butte 
ores.  Company  has  very  efficient  management. 

For  operating  conditions  at  Butte  see  "Brief  Description  Butte  Camp." 
NORTH  BUTTE  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  North  Butte  mine  is  the  most  important  Butte  property 
outside  of  the  Anaconda  Group.  Depth  of  working  2800  level.  Property 
has  10  workable  veins  running  nearly  parellel.  Mine  is  opened  by  two 
shafts.  Veins  are  cut  on  various  levels  by  cross-cuts  from  main  Spectular 
shaft.  The  veins  vary  in  width  from  a  few  feet  up  to  25  and  30  ft.  and 
probably  average  8  to  10  ft.  The  method  of  mining  is  by  square-setting, 
two  products  being  made  first  class  or  direct-smelting  ore  averaging  6  to  7 
per  cent.,  and  second  class  or  concentrating  ore  averaging  3  per  cent.,  a  rough 
sorting  being  made  in  the  stopes.  In  1912  the  Company  was  forced  to  in- 
crease wages  owing  to  the  high  price  which  prevailed  for  copper.  Numerous 
efficiencies  have  been  brought  about  in  the  past  few  years  at  North  Butte, 
such  as  improved  ventilation  in  the  deep  workings,  electric  haulage,  etc., 
etc.,  which  have  made  for  lower  costs.  The  ore  on  coming  from  the  mine  is 
loaded  into  railway  cars  and  transported  to  Anaconda  where  it  is  treated 
at  the  Washoe  Reduction  Works.  The  low-grade  ore  is  concentrated  and 
concentrates  smelted.  The  high-grade  ore  is  smelted  direct.  The  copper 
produced  is  refined  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 

For  further  information  on  general  conditions  see  "Brief  Description  of  Butte  Camp." 

FLORENCE  GOLDFIELD  MINING  CO. 

Cost  per  foot  development,  $7.57  in  1910. 

Remarks. — Mill  was  not  operating  regularly  until  Feb.,  1909.  Consists 
of  40  stamps  and  three  tube  mills.  Treatment  is  amalgamation,  concentra- 
tion and  cyaniding.  Mill  destroyed  by  fire  Dec.,  1911. 

Vein  is  a  fissure  in  andesite.  The  stoping  width  averages  about  12  ft. 
Mine  entered  by  shaft. 

Operations  were  practically  suspended  during  1912  and  as  a  result  no  data 
is  available  for  that  year.  Some  development  work  was  carried  on,  however, 
during  the  shut  down. 

ROUND  MOUNTAIN  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Several  veins  of  varying  widths  from  6  ft.  to  20  ft.  Mine 
operated  by  shaft  to  depth  of  700  ft.  Total  depth  1000  ft.  Mill  has  10 
stamps  and  1  Huntington  mill  for  regrind.  All  conditions  are  favourable 
for  cheap  operations. 


362  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

GOLDFIELD  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

The  output  is  from  several  mines  now  consolidated  into  one  company. 
The  veins  are  fissures  in  andesite.  The  stoping  width  varies  from  few  feet  to 
20  ft.  or  30  ft.  Underground  water  flow  not  heavy.  Depth  of  mines  about 
1200  ft.  in  deepest  workings.  Entered  by  shafts. 

The  mill  consists  of  100  stamps.  The  ore  is  amalgamated  and  concen- 
trated. The  concentrates  are  being  shipped  to  smelter  but  later  will  be 
treated  at  mine,  thus  making  a  material  saving  as  shown  in  report  of  1912. 

Goldfield  is  located  on  the  railroad.  Electric  power  furnished  by  custom 
companies  at  fair  rates  is  available.  The  section  is  arid,  consequently  no 
trouble  is  experienced  with  underground  water.  Timber  and  supplies  are 
comparatively  high. 

NEVADA  HILLS  MINING  CO. 

The  mine  is  developed  by  shaft.  Depth  about  650  ft.  There  are  three 
veins  of  varying  widths.  The  Eagle  vein  is  18  ft.  wide.  The  narrow  veins 
are  mined  by  back-stoping  and  stulled;  the  wider  vein  is  timbered  with 
square-sets  and  filled. 

The  ore  is  a  silver-gold-bearing  quartz.  The  silver  is  contained  in  sul- 
phide form  and  in  the  native  state.  The  gold  is  secondary  in  importance. 

The  mill  has  a  capacity  of  140  tons  per  day.  The  ore  is  stamped,  concen- 
trated and  cyanided. 

The  mine  is  practically  in  its  infancy.  It  is  45  miles  from  a  railroad, 
consequently,  costs  are  high.  The  water  for  milling  is  pumped  from  the 
mine.  Electric  power  has  been  transmitted  to  the  property. 

TONOPAH  BELMONT  DEVELOPMENT  CO. 

Remarks.' — The  mine  is  located  near  Tonopah  which  is  on  a  branch 
railroad  of  the  Southern  Pacific  R.  R.  The  country  is  arid,  consequent- 
ly water  for  operations  is  an  expensive  item.  All  timber  and  supplies  are 
brought  in  from  the  nearby  states.  The  veins  of  the  district  are  fissures 
occurring  in  andesite  and  standing  at  a  high  angle.  The  widths  vary  from 
5  ft.  to  45  ft.  The  mine  is  operated  by  shaft  to  a  depth  of  about  1300  ft. 
The  mining  method  is  the  back-stoping  system.  In  the  wide  places  a 
modified  method  of  the  square-set  system  is  used. 

The  ore  is  gold-  and  silver-bearing  quartz.  The  values  are  mainly  silver 
occurring  in  a  ratio  of  about  3  to  1. 

A  new  60-stamp  mill  was  recently  completed  and  is  very  satisfactory. 
The  flow  sheet  is  as  follows:  Coarse  crushing  plant  to  60-1250  Ib.  stamps,  to 
eight  duplex  Dorr  classifiers,  the  fine  product  to  16  Wilfley  tables,  the  coarse 
to  eight  5X18  tube  mills  and  thence  to  Wilfleys.  The  Wilfley  concentrates 
are  dried  and  shipped  to  smelter.  The  tails  to  four  Dorr  thickeners  and 


APPENDIX  363 

thence  to  tall  agitation  cyanide  tanks.  There  are  2  batteries  of  tanks,  the 
first  serie's  overflow  is  again  thickened  and  charged  to  the  second  series. 
The  discharge  is  put  through  Butters  filter  presses  and  zinc  dust  is  used 
for  precipitation  of  the  gold. 

WEST  END  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Property  located  in  west  end  of  Tonopah  Camp,  adjoining 
that  of  the  Tonopah  Mining  Co.  Mine  developed  to  800  ft.  Vein  on  that 
level  said  to  be  18  to  20  ft.  wide,  pay-ore  4  to  5  ft.  Ore  improves  in  grade  at 
junction  of  faults.  In  addition  to  the  high-grade  ore-bodies,  there  is  a  large 
amount  of  low-grade  ore,  and  management  has  been  increasing  the  mill 
capacity  to  handle  this  material.  The  mill  operated  by  the  Nevada  Milling 
Co.  is  located  ^  mile  from  the  mine.  Capacity  150  tons  daily.  The  high- 
grade  ore  is  shipped  to  the  smelter.  In  the  month  of  March  the  actual  cost 
of  milling  was  $2 . 758.  This  cost  is  said  to  compare  favourable  with  any  mill 
of  equal  tonnage  in  the  district.  The  mill  is  composed  of  stamps,  tube-mills, 
a  concentrating  plant  containing  12  Deisters  and  a  Wilfley  slimer,  and  usual 
cyanide  equipment.  The  extraction  obtained  is  stated  to  be  about  the 
average  of  the  camp.  Mining  and  milling  costs  also  compare  favourably 
with  any  in  the  district.  Plants  are  operated  by  electric  power  furnished  at 
a  cost  of  \%i  per  kilowatt-hour. 

TONOPAH  MINING  CO. 

Resume*  of  Operations  1909. — Gross  production  amounted  to  $3,731,607 
158,052  tons  were  treated  averaging  $23.61.  Extraction  90.3  per  cent; 
cost  per  ton  $13.40;  profit  per  ton  $10.21;  net  earnings  $1,295,553. 

Notes : — The  mine  is  operated  through  shaft.  The  vein  is  a  fissure  vary- 
ing in  width  from  7  ft.  as  minimum  .  The  silver  and  gold  values  are  in  a 
ratia  of  2.5  to  1. 

The  ore  is  stamped,  concentated,  the  tails  reground  in  Chilian  Mills  and 
then  cyanided. 

Water  is  scarce  and  supplies  comparatively  high. 

PITTSBURGH  SILVER  PEAK  MINING  CO. 

Remarks :  Mine. — Property  is  situated  in  southwest  Nevada  at  an 
elevation  of  about  2000  ft.  above  the  sea.  The  ore-bodies  are  lenticular  in 
shape  and  occur  in  schists  and  dip  at  a  slight  angle.  The  ore-bodies  for- 
merly were  worked  extensively  by  the  glory-hole  and  open-cut  method  of 
mining,  by  which  means  from  35  per  cent,  to  40  per  cent,  'of  the  total  ton- 
nage was  extracted.  The  main  work  at  the  present  time  is  underground. 
In  the  underground  method  of  mining,  pillars  are  used  instead  of  timbers, 
or  the  filling  method  is  employed.  The  underground  mining  method  was 
changed  in  1910,  and  this  has  resulted  in  a  considerable  reduction  in  costs. 
The  property  is  developed  principally  by  tunnel. 


364  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Mill.  —  The  mill  is  located  at  Blair,  Nevada,  17  miles  distant  from  the 
mine.  Property  has  rail  connection  with  trunk  line.  The  mill  consists 
of  120  stamps.  Weight  of  stamps  1050  pounds.  Stamps  are  followed 
by  amalgamation  and  cyanidation. 

General  Conditions.  —  It  is  stated  that  8  .  6  tons  of  product  per  man  per 
shift  for  eight  hours  has  been  attained.  Labourers  work  eight  hours.  Ma- 
chinemen,  timbermen,  shovel-helpers,  etc.,  receive  $4.50.  Muckers, 
trammers,  etc.,  $4.  Wages  since  cut  and  costs  went  up.  The  mine  is 
situated  in  a  desert  country  and  the  costs  attained  under  these  conditions 
are  looked  upon  as  very  satisfactory. 

NEVADA  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  CO. 

The  company  owns  the  Nevada  Northern  Ry.,  from  Ely  to  Cobre, 
Nevada,  on  main  line  160  miles  in  length,  and  derives  benefit  of  these 
profits.  The  property  is  one  of  the  lowest  cost  copper  producers  in  the 
world. 

Analysis  of  the  ore  is  as  follows:        Analysis  of  concentrates: 

Cu  ........................     1.7  per  cent.  Fe  ..........................  25  per  cent. 

SiOz  ......................  72      per  cent.  SiOz  ........................  .  31  per  cent. 

Fe  ........................     3.5  per  cent.  S  ...........................  25  per  cent. 

CaO  .......................  5  per  cent.  AhOz  ........................     5  per  cent. 

11      per  cent. 
3.5  per  cent. 


CHURN  DRILL  COSTS,  ELY,  NEVADA 

For  itemized  expenses  see:  Holes  11,  13  and  15. 

Note.-  —  The  above  holes  were  drilled  through  monzonite-porphyry  and 
altered  limestone,  both  rocks  being  quite  uniform  in  texture  and  fairly  soft. 
A  No.  5  Keystone  drill  was  used. 

All  operating  costs  are  included,  also  such  items  as  sampling,  surveying, 
and  10  per  cent,  of  the  cost  of  casing  used.  No  account  is  made  of  deprecia- 
tion or  general  expense. 

Note.  —  The  heavy  costs  under  casing  and  equipment  are  due  to  loss  of 
tools  and  strings  of  casing  being  ruined  by  breaking  loose. 

The  amount  of  hole  drilled  per  shift  varies  greatly.  With  good  conditions 
and  no  accidents  a  7%-in.  hole  can  be  sunk  from  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  per  shift.  A 
fair  average  is  30  ft.  The  highest  day's  run  in  the  above  work  was  75  ft. 

NEVADA-DOUGLAS  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks.  —  The  Nevada-Douglas  property  is  located  in  the  Yerington 
District  of  Western  Nevada.  The  ores  occur  in  limestone  between  por- 
phyry and  granite.  They  are  largely  replacement  deposits.  Fissure  veins 
and  contact  deposits  are  also  present.  The  principal  ores  are  chalcopyrite, 


APPENDIX  365 

pyrite,  malachite,  azurite  and  silicates.  Garnet  is  often  present.  The 
mines  are  developed  by  tunnels  and  shafts.  The  principal  shaft  is  an 
incline  sunk  to  a  depth  of  800  ft. 

The  ore-bodies  vary  from  a  few  feet  up  to  40  and  50  ft.  in  width.  The 
bodies  are  working  by  overhand  stoping  though  some  square  setting  is  used. 
In  some  places  at  the  surface  the  ore  is  worked,  by  the  quarrying  and  glory- 
hole  system.  In  the  report  for  the  year  ended  Mar.  31,  1912,  the  cost  of 
mining  at  the  Douglas  Hill  property  was  .$1.85  and  at  the  Ludwig  $1.69. 
In  that  report  the  total  tons  shipped  from  Dec.,  1911,  to  Apr.  15,  1912,  is 
placed  at  28,312.  The  following  averages  in  per  cent,  copper  are  given  for 
the  three  mines:  Ludwig,  5.62  per  cent.;  Douglas  Hill,  5.24  per  cent. 
Copper  Basin,  5.06  per  cent. 

The  ores  are  shipped  to  the  Mason  Valley  Smelter  at  Wabuska  for  treat- 
ment— 18  or  20  miles  distant  from  the  mines.  Ores  are  transported  over  the 
Nevada  Copper  Belt  railroad  owned  by  Company.  At  Wabuska  the  line 
connects  with  the  main  north  and  south  branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific. 
The  elevation  of  the  mine  is  moderate,  the  climate  good  and  conditions 
favourable. 

YELLOW  PINE  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Property  is  situated  in  the  Good  Springs  Mining  District. 
Mine  is  at  Yellow  Pine.  Company  owns  and  operates  railroad  to  Jean,  a 
distance  of  12  miles.  The  mine  is  developed  by  incline  shaft  to  600  ft. 
The  ore-bodies  average  40  ft.  in  width.  The  ore  is  zinc  and  lead  carbonate 
with  galena.  The  mill  is  situated  at  Yellow  Pine.  Power  is  obtained  from 
oil-fired  boilers.  The  lead  concentrate  is  sold,  to  American  Smelting  & 
Refining  Co.  at  Murray,  Utah.  The  zinc  concentrate  is  sent  to  Bartles- 
ville,  Oklahoma. 

:HINO  COPPER  co. 

Remarks.' — Property  is  situated  at  Santa  Rita,  N.  M.,  49  miles  north- 
west of  Silver  City.  Elev.  6000  ft.  Climatic  conditions  ideal.  The  mine  is 
one  of  the  porphyry  coppers.  Formation  quartz-diorite-porphyry.  Ore- 
bodies  occur  in  a  more  or  less  horse-shoe  or  circular  shape.  The  centre  of 
the  horse-shoe,  which  is  barren,  is  from  2000  ft.  to  \  mile  or  more  across. 
The  ore  reserves  at  the  close  of  1912  amounted  to  94,000,000  tons  of  1.8 
per  cent,  copper  ore.  At  least  two-thirds  of  this  tonnage  will  be  mined  by 
steam  shovel.  Two  large  steam-shovel  pits  are  being  opened.  These  will 
have  the  following  dimensions,  4500  ft.  by  600  ft.  and  2500  ft.  by  750  to  1000 
ft.  Seven  steam  shovels  are  employed,  two  on  ore  and  five  on  over-burden. 
Railroad  tracks  extend  in  the  pits  and  shovels  dump  ore  directly  into 
standard  gauge  cars,  which  are  hauled  to  the  concentrator. 


366  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

The  Chino  ore  consists  principally  of  chalcocite,  with  some  pyrite,  dis- 
seminated through  the  porphyry.  Considerable  cuprite  and  native  copper 
are  found.  In  certain  of  the  ore-bodies,  the  ore  comes  to  the  surface.  The 
average  over-burden  is  not  great. 

The  company's  concentrator  is  situated  10  miles  from  the  mine  down- 
grade haul.  Mine  and  mill  connected  by  A.  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  Service  good. 
Concentrator  is  5000  tons  rated  daily  capacity.  Actual  capacity  approx. 
6000  tons.  Mill  is  operated  by  electric  power.  Power  generated  from  coal. 
Power  plant  consists  of  three  1250-k.w.  generators.  Power  transmitted 
to  mine  for  operating  machine  shops,  etc.  The  water  employed  in  concen- 
tration is  settled  and  re-used.  Concentrates  are  shipped  to  A.  S.  &  R.  smelter 
at  El  Paso,  Texas,  140  miles  distant,  where  they  are  smelted  to  matte  and 
converted,  and  blister  copper  sent  to  Atlantic  seaboard  for  refining. 

At  the  mine  and  mill  there  are  employed  1500  men,  principally  Mexican 
labor.  Mexicans  receive  $2  per  day. 

HOMESTAKE  MINING  CO. 

Remarks.— Period  of  June  1,  1911,  to  Jan.  1,  1912,  not  shown  here, 
during  which  time  888,507  tons  were  milled,  average  value  of  $4.1205. 
The  company  changed  the  fiscal  year  from  June  1  to  Jan.  1  in  1911.  The 
company's  report  does  not  give  costs  per  ton,  nor  are  its  expenditures  ar- 
ranged so  that  one  can  state  accurately  to  what  account  different  items 
should  go.  The  above  figures,  however,  are  a  very  close  approximation. 
The  total  is  certainly  very  nearly  accurate. 

The  mine  is  one  of  the  greatest  in  the  world.  The  ore-bodies  are  large 
masses  of  quartz  and  silicified  schist  through  which  the  gold  values  are 
evenly  disseminated.  The  ore-bodies  vary  in  thickness  from  200  ft.  to 
500  ft.  and  over;  a  maximum  depth  of  1850  ft.  has  been  reached.  The  mine  is 
operated  through  several  shafts.  Formerly  the  method  of  mining  employed 
was  square-setting.  This  has  since  been  abandoned  and  the  following 
system  is  now  employed.  A  main  drift  is  carried  on  the  center  of  the  ore- 
body,  and  main  haulage  drifts  run  in  the  foot  and  hanging  wall.  The  vein 
is  laid  off  into  stopes  and  pillars.  The  stopes  average  60  ft.  wide  by  250  ft. 
long  by  150  ft.  high.  The  pillars  are  40  ft.  wide  by  250  ft.  long.  The 
overhand  method  of  stoping  is  employed.  Approximately  2,000,000  tons 
of  broken  ore  are  in  the  stopes. 

The  mills  have  a  total  of  1020  stamps.  The  ore  is  amalgamated,  con- 
centrated, reground  in  tube  mills  and  cyanided.  About  72  per  cent,  of  the 
gold  is  won  by  amalgamation  and  the  remaining  22  per  cent,  by  cyanida- 
tion,  a  total  recovery  of  94  per  cent. 

The  company  has  just  completed  a  large  hydro-electric  plant  at  Spearfish 
which  furnishes  power  to  the  mine.  This,  it  is  stated,  gives  a  material 


APPENDIX  367 

saving  over  steam  power  previously  used.     The  town  of  Lead  is  located  on 
the  railroad,  consequently  transportation  facilities  are  excellent. 

The  company  has  expended  large  sums  of  money  to  furnish  comfortable 
accommodations  for  its  employees.  There  is  a  company  hospital,  library 
and  club  for  the  men. 

WASP  NO.  2  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  property  is  located  about  2£  miles  from  Lead  on  the  B.  & 
O.  Railroad.  It  is  situated  on  a  high  table  mountain  which  is  capped  with 
flat  lying  sedimentaries.  The  ore  body  is  a  stratum  of  quartzite  about  20  ft. 
thick.  It  is  capped  by  decomposed  slates,  mud  and  soil  for  a  depth  of  from 
8  to  12  ft.  The  floor  to  the  quartzite  is  slate. 

The  mineral  content  is  gold  bearing  pyrite  which  has  been  partly  oxidized. 
Mineralization  probably  due  to  porphyry  intrusions. 

The  ore  is  stripped  by  steam  shovel  but  mined  and  loaded  into  cars  by 
hand.  The  ore  is  dry  crushed  to  \  mesh  as  follows.  Gyratory  crusher  to 
rolls  to  cyanide  vats.  The  first  solution  is  5#  cyanide  and  second  2#  cyanide 
then  clean  water  wash.  When  everything  is  running  smoothly  the  mill 
handles  520  tons  per  day. 

During  1913  the  property  operated  only  8  months  and  20  days  owing  to 
unfavorable  weather  and  water  shortage.  During  the  first  2  months  of  1914 
the  total  costs  are  said  to  have  been  about  $1 . 20. 

The  present  management  hopes  to  cut  the  costs  to  $1 . 00  per  ton.  This  is 
quite  possible  by  using  steam  shovels  to  mine  the  ore,  as  well  as  strip  the 
overburden  and  by  making  one  or  two  minor  economic  changes. 

TENNESSEE  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — The  company  operates  3  mines,  i.e.,  Burra  Burra,  London  and 
Polk  County.  Burra  Burra  principal  producer.  Rocks  consist  of  gneiss 
and  schists.  Ore-bodies  occur  in  large  lenses  dipping  at  75  deg.  to  80  degs. 
Ore-bodies  vary  up  to  175  ft.  in  width  and  average  50  ft.  The  ore  consists 
of  pyrrhotite  with  chalcopyrite  and  iron  pyrite.  Some  galena  and  zinc 
blende  are  present.  Properties  opened  by  inclined  shaft  75  deg.  sunk  in 
foot-wall  rock.  Pillars  are  left.  Method  of  mining  has  been  changed  from 
under-hand  stoping  to  back-stoping.  The  mines  are  comparatively  dry. 

Company's  railroad,  total  length  7|  miles,  transports  ore  to  smelter. 
Plant  composed  of  7  blast  furnaces,  and  has  converter  department.  Pyritic 
smelting  is  employed.  Company  does  custom  smelting  business. 

Property  is  equipped  with  sulphuric  acid  plant.  The  fumes  from  the 
furnaces,  carrying  SO2,  are  taken  to  the  Glover  towers.  Gases  pass  to  the 
lead  chambers  where  they  encounter  live  steam.  The  sulphuric  acid  pre- 
cipitates to  the  bottom  of  the  chambers,  gases  passing  to  the  Gay-Lussac 


368  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

towers  where  nitrous  oxides  are  recovered.     During  the  year  1912  the 
company  produced  192,000  tons  of  sulphuric  acid. 

BINGHAM  MINES  CO. 

Notes. — The  mines  furnish  two  classes  of  ore,  one  a  silver-lead  product 
and  the  other  a  copper-iron  ore  of  low  values.  Both  ores  occur  as  fissure  and 
replacement  deposits  of  varying  dimensions  in  lime  and  quartzite  for- 
mation. Some  of  the  ore-bodies  in  this  section  are  very  large,  needing 
square-sets  for  timbering.  The  ore  in  both  cases  is  a  direct  smelting  product. 
Transportation  and  smelting  facilities  are  good. 

CHIEF  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  property  is  located  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  and  San 
Pedro,  Los  Angles  &  Salt  Lake  Railroads.  The  ores  contain  silver,  gold 
and  lead,  and  the  ore-bodies  which  are  in  the  form  of  lenses,  pockets  and 
pipes  are  from  6  in.  to  150  ft.  in  width.  Method  of  opening;  drifts,  cross- 
cuts and  raises.  Method  of  mining,  square-set  timbering.  Depth  of  mine 
1800  ft.  Ore  reduction  is  accomplished  by  direct  smelting,  shipments 
being  made  to  Salt  Lake  smelters. 

General  Conditions. — The  mine  has  been  opened  in  a  very  satisfactory 
manner,  at  the  present  time  there  being  a  very  much  larger  amount  of  ore 
showing  than  at  any  previous  time.  The  tonnage  of  ore  for  1913  amounted 
to  51,173  tons.  Value;  ore,  $16.29;  Net,  $7.37;  Costs,  $5.17;  Net  profit, 
$112,587.  (Data  by  Cecil  Fitch). 

DALY-JUDGE  MINING  CO. 

1911  1912 

Ratio  of  cone,  crude  ore  .  .  4.2  into  1,  6.03  into  1. 
Ratio  of  cone,  all  products  3.2  into  1,  3.45  into  1. 

Mine  developed  to  2300-ft.  level.  The  ores,  which  are  principally  lead- 
silver-zinc,  are  shipped  crude  and  also  concentrated  — a  lead  concentrate  zinc 
middlings  and  iron  middling  made.  Where  a  30  per  cent.  Zn  product  was 
formerly  produced  a  40  per  cent,  to  45  per  cent,  product  is  now  made. 

The  main  drain  tunnel,  which  is  equivalent  to  the  2500  level,  drains  the 
mine  and  will  effect  a  considerable  saving.  Transportation  and  smelting 
facilities  are  good. 

IRON  BLOSSOM  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

Remarks.' — Property  is  situated  on  railroad.  Mine  is  developed  by  shaft 
and  tunnel.  Electric  hoisting  employed.  Ore-bodies  occur  as  large  irreg- 
ular masses  in  limestone.  Ore  is  smelted  direct  being  sent  to  the  Salt  Lake 
smelters.  Shipments  of  low-grade  ore  have  been  curtailed  as  management 
plans  erecting  mill  for  treatment  at  the  property.  Ore  is  principally  lead- 
silver.  Some  copper  occurs  in  the  No.  1  ore-body.  The  deepest  shipping 


APPENDIX  369 

ore  discovered  is  on  the  700-ft.  level.     The  method  of  mining  is  by  square- 
set  and  often  ground  is  very  heavy  requiring  much  cribbing.     The  large 
amount  of  timber  used  is  an  important  item  in  the  mining  cost. 
BOSTON  CONSOLIDATED  COPPER  &  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Property  developed  by  tunnels.  Ore  occurs  in  limestone  in 
large  masses,  in  the  form  of  beds  dipping  at  flat  angles.  The  ore-bodies 
occasionally  are  very  large,  often  several  hundred  feet  in  length  by  from  150 
to  200  ft.  in  width.  The  ore  is  composed  of  chalcopyrite  and  pyrite  and  in 
certain  localities  chalcocite.  Ores  carry  around  2 . 5  per  cent,  copper,  $2  in 
gold  and  2  oz.  in  silver  per  ton.  The  method  of  mining  is  square-setting.  The 
ore  is  direct  smelting.  It  contains  an  iron  excess.  Ores  are  shipped  to 
A.  S.  &  R.  smelters  near  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

OHIO  COPPER  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Ohio  property  is  admirably  situated  for  economic  opera- 
tions. Its  ore-bodies,  which  dip  at  an  angle  of  about  60  deg.,  are  intersected 
at  a  depth  of  1400  ft.  below  the  outcrop  by  the  Mascotte  tunnel,  14,000  ft. 
in  length,  which  extends  to  Lark  where  the  company's  concentrator  is 
located. 

The  Ohio  ore-body  is  a  quartzite  and  monzonite  deposit.  The  ores  are 
chalcocite,  with  some  chalcopyrite  and  pyrite  finely  disseminated  through- 
out the  mass.  The  width  of  the  ore-body  is  approximately  400  ft.  Based 
on  last  estimate,  ore  reserves  averaged  1. 1  per  cent,  copper.  The  ore-bodies 
are  mined  by  caving  method  known  as  the  McDonald.  This  system  con- 
sists of  radiating  raises  from  a  central  or  master  raise  which  carries  the  ore 
to  the  Mascotte  tunnel  ore-bins.  There  are  three  of  these  main  raises.  The 
overburden  is  caved  from  the  surface.  No  timber  is  used  in  the  stopes  only 
in  the  raises.  The  least  angle  at  which  the  raises  are  driven  is  40  deg.  and 
the  ore  is  found  to  run  at  this  slope. 

The  property  is  equipped  with  2000-ton  concentrator,  which  is  being  en- 
larged to  3000  tons.  No  steam  power  is  used.  Electric  power  is  obtained 
from  one  of  the  custom  hydro-electric  plants  at  very  low  cost,  H  per  kilowatt 
hour.  Method  of  treatment  is  concentration  and  smelting  of  concentrates. 
Concentrates  are  shipped  to  Garfield  smelter  at  Salt  Lake  City,  15  miles 
distant,  where  they  are  smelted.  Elevation  of  mine  not  excessive,  climate 
good. 

The  Mascotte  tunnel  is  equipped  with  electric  haulage,  the  ore  from  the 
bottom  of  the  main  shaft  being  transported  in  this  manner,  and  dumped 
directly  into  the  mill  bins  at  the  concentrator.  The  company  is  charged 
15  f*  per  ton  for  haulage  through  the  tunnel. 

Costs  are  very  low.  Ohio  is  probably  one  of  the  lowest  of  the  low-grade 
disseminated  copper  deposits  being  worked  underground  at  a  profit. 

24 


370  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

SOUTH  UTAH  MINES  AND  SMELTERS 

Remarks. — The  property  is  developed  to  a  depth  of  900  ft.  Opened  by 
tunnel  to  600  level.  Formation  is  quartzite.  The  ore-bodies  are  large,  often 
as  much  as  150  ft.  square.  The  ores  are  disseminated,  the  minerals  being 
pyrite  and  chalcopyrite.  The  method  of  mining  is  caving,  pillars  being  left. 
The  method  of  treatment  is  water  concentration.  Concentrator  is  located  4 
miles  from  mine.  Concentrates  are  shipped  to  the  International  smelter  at 
Tooele,  Utah,  250  miles  from  the  property.  The  mine  and  mill  are  operated 
by  electric  power  purchased  from  the  Beaver  River  Power  Co. 

UNITED  STATES  SMELT.,  REF.,  &  MIN.  CO. 

Remarks. — The  United  States  Smelt.,  Ref.  &  Min.  Co.  is  a  very  im- 
portant producer  of  silver,  lead,  copper  and  gold. 

The  Mammoth  Mine  at  Kenneth,  Calif.,  is  one  of  the  large  copper  mines 
of  the  United  States.  Its  ores  consist  of  a  dense  homogeneous  pyrite 
carrying  from  3  to  4  per  cent,  copper.  The  ores  are  smelted  direct  at  the 
company's  smelter.  278,088  tons  of  ore  treated  1912. 

The  Centennial  Eureka  is  a  producer  of  copper,  gold  and  silver.  Mine 
is  developed  to  depth  of  2000  ft.  Ore-bodies  occur  in  limestone.  Ores  are 
oxides,  carbonates  and  sulphides  high  in  silver.  Ores  are  smelted.  Method 
of  mining  square-setting.  During  1912,  117,957  tons  were  extracted. 

The  Real  del  Monte  mine,  Pachuca,  Mexico,  is  a  very  heavy  silver  pro- 
ducer. Tonnage  of  ore  treated  during  year  amounted  to  418,476  tons. 
Ore  is  milled.  (For  costs  in  this  section  see  Santa  Gertrudis.) 

The  Gold  Roads  property  was  acquired  by  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  &  M.  Co.  in 
1911.  Mine  is  an  important  producer  of  gold.  Ores  occur  in  large  vein 
formation  said  to  average  $8  to  $10  per  ton.  Property  is  equipped  with 
350-ton  mill  and  cyanide  plant.  Ore  extracted  1912,  109,070  tons.  Mine 
is  developed  to  depth  of  900  ft.  (For  costs  gold  property  operating  in  this 
section  see  Tom  Reed  mine.) 

UTAH  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  Utah  Consolidated  Company  operates  the  Highland  Boy 
mine,  located  at  Bingham,  Utah,  on  a  branch  of  the  D  &  R.  G.  Western  Ry. 

The  ore-body  occurs  in  large  masses  in  the  limestone  adjacent  to  in- 
trusives.  The  bodies  which  are  replacement  deposits  are  often  several 
hundred  feet  in  width  and  length.  The  ore  occurs  principally  as  chalco- 
pyrite. and  pyrite,  although  some  chalcocite,  bornite  and  tetrahedrite  are 
found.  The  ore  is  direct-smelting. 

The  mine  is  developed  both  by  shafts  and  tunnels,  by  tunnels  to  the 
seventh  level,  below  this  the  main  shaft  has  been  sunk  to  the  twelfth  and 
bottom  level.  The  ore-bodies  are  worked  by  top  caving  and  square-setting. 


APPENDIX  371 

In  1909  the  company  erected  an  aerial  tramway  21,140  ft.  in  length,  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  100  tons  per  hour,  connecting  the  mines  with  the  Inter- 
national Smelting  &  Refining  Co.'s  plant  at  Tooele,  Utah.  The  ore  is 
smelted  at  this  plant. 

The  Highland  Boy  was  originally  a  gold  mine,  but  as  greater  depth  was 
obtained  the  copper  ores  were  encountered.  The  copper  contents  of  the 
ores  have  declined  rapidly  in  recent  years.  In  1905  and  1906  the  recovery 
in  copper  per  ton  was  60  lb.,  and  at  that  time  the  cost  of  producing  copper 
per  pound  was  very  low — said  to  have  been  from  4  to  5  cents  per  pound. 
This  was  due  largely,  however,  to  the  high  gold  and  silver  values  being 
credited  to  the  cost  of  production.  The  annual  production  of  copper  during 
these  years  ran  up  to  18,500,000  lb.  It  has  only  been  within  the  past  two 
or  three  years  that  the  Company  has  been  producing  lead. 
HEDLEY  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Company  operates  Nickel  Plate  and  Sunny  Side  Mines  located 
in  Osoyoos  District,  British  Columbia.  Elevation,  1700  ft.  at  mill,  5800  ft. 
at  mine.  Ore  occurs  in  Nickel  Plate  formation.  The  base  of  this  is  the 
Sunny  Side  limestone.  Andesite  intruded  through  lime.  Ore-bodies  occur 
in  close  proximity  to  andesite  sheets,  and  usually  on  upper  side.  Property 
opened  by  adit  tunnels  or  inclined  shafts  on  intrusive  sheets.  The  ore  is 
composed  of  epidote,  garnet  and  calcite,  associated  with  arseno-pyrite,  and 
carries  about  $12  gold  per  ton.  Values  do  not  decrease  with  depth. 

Ore-bodies  dip  23  deg.  Thickness  from  10  ft.  to  80  ft.  Method  of  mining 
is  pillar  and  chamber  system,  and  no  timber  is  used.  Rock  is  very  hard, 
but  mining  reasonably  cheap.  Electric  haulage  employed  underground, 
2-ton  cars,  12  to  train.  At  surface  7000  ft.  electric  trolley  transports  ore  to 
aerial  tramway,  terminal  9500  ft.  down  mountain  side.  Loads  haul  empties 
back.  Property  contains  40-stamp  mill.  Stamps  weigh  1050  lb.  each. 
Up  to  1910  ore  was  amalgamated;  present  method,  concentration  and  cyan- 
iding.  Concentrates  are  shipped  to  Tacoma  smelter.  These  are  very  rich, 
averaging  often  $200  per  ton.  Approximately  300  tons  of  concentrates 
are  produced  per  month  from  the  treatment  of  roughly  6000  tons  per  month. 
Electric  power  is  generated  from  coal,  and  this  is  used  throughout  mines  and 
mill.  The  property  has  rail  transportation. 
BRITISH  COLUMBIA  COPPER  CO. 

Resume  of  1908  Operations. — Production,  5,767,355  pounds;  income, 
$1,086,635;  exp.,  $889,475;  prof,  after  misc.,  $200,483;  total  ore  treated, 
321,427  tons;  yield,  17.8  pounds;  yield  gold  and  silver,  $.985;  pr.  rec'd  cop- 
per, 13.504;  cost  per  ton,  $2.632;  cost  per  pound,  9.99?f. 

Remarks. — Company  operates  several  mines  of  which  the  Mother  Lode 
is  the  principal.  This  property  is  situated  3|  miles  from  the  smelter  at 


372 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Greenwood.  Mine  is  opened  by  tunnel  and  shaft — latter  four-compartment, 
575  ft.  deep.  Hoisting  is  by  air  generated  by  electricity.  The  ore-body  is 
130  ft.  wide  and  is  opened  for  1500  ft.  in  length.  The  ore  which  is  smelted 
direct  is  mostly  chalcopyrite  in  lime  gangue.  Mines  are  equipped  with  elect, 
haulage.  Ore  is  handled  automatically  at  mine  and  smelter,  many  new 
labor-saving  devices  having  been  installed.  The  ore-bodies  are  worked  by 
the  caving  method,  pillars  being  left.  At  the  time  of  writing  the  pillars 
were  being  worked.  The  management  states  that  as  much  as  250,000  tons 
of  ore  have  been  broken  down  with  one  blast.  The  ores  are  practically  self- 
fluxing.  In  one  month's  run  when  60,000  tons  were  smelted  3800  tons  of 
flux  were  used.  The  smelter  is  of  2500  tons'  capacity  composed  of  three 
blast  furnaces  and  three  converter  stands.  Electric  power  is  used  through- 
out. It  is  obtained  from  the  West  Kooteney  Power  &  Light  Co.  at  a 
cost  of  approximately  $50  per  horse-power  per  year.  Both  mines  and 
reduction  plant  have  rail  connection  with  transcontinental  lines. 
CONSOLIDATED  MINING  &  SMELTING  OF  CANADA 


Quotations  For  Metals,  15  Months 

1913 

1912 

1911 

£18-19-7 

£15  593 

£12  953 

Silver   New  York  per  ounce 

60  993jf 

56  355?f 

53  696f< 

Copper,  electrolytic,  per  pound  

16.113jf 

13.942)* 

12.337jf 

Costs  and  other  data  on  the  Center  Star,  Sullivan,  and  Snowshoe,  are 
given  in  this  book  under  their  respective  titles. 

Remarks. — This  company  does  a  large  silver-lead  smelting  business  and 
has  a  lead  refinery,  using  the  Betts  Electrolytic  Process,  capacity  about 
75  to  100  tons  per  day.  This  is  the  only  lead  refinery  in  Canada  and  pro- 
duces practically  all  of  the  lead  used  in  that  country.  In  addition  to  sup- 
plying these  wants,  the  company  had  in  the  past  exported  large  quantities 
to  China  and  Japan. 

Smelter  consists  of  five  copper  blast  furnaces  and  three  lead  stacks. 
The  company  owns  and  leases  a  large  number  of  mines  in  that  section. 
In  addition  to  treating  their  own  ore,  it  also  does  a  custom  business. 

The  value  of  production  is  greater  than  any  other  plant  in  the  Northwest. 
The  values  in  precious  metals  contribute  largely  to  this  total  amount. 
COPPER  MOUNTAIN 

Remarks. — Location. — Property  is  situated  about  15  miles  south  of  Prince- 
ton, B.  C.,  which  is  on  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  the  nearest  railroad  point. 

Accessibility. — Accessibility  to  base  of  supplies  at  present  poor,  but  on 
completion  of  Great  Northern  and  C.  P.  R.  lines  to  coast,  property  will  have 
direct  outlet. 

Character  of  Ore  and  Geology. — Ore  occurs  as  disseminated  chalcopyrite 
and  bornite  in  lenticular  bodies  of  varying  size  in  dioritic  rocks. 


APPENDIX  373 

Mining. — Combined  glory  hole  and  underground  methods  will  probably 
be  used. 

Milling. — Due  to  heavy  character  of  gangue,  ordinary  milling  methods 
cannot  be  used.  It  is  said  that  the  metallics  can  be  recovered  by  oil  flo- 
tation methods.  Concentrates  will  be  shipped  to  Grand  Forks  or  Green- 
wood, B.  C. 

General  Conditions. — Aside  from  present  inaccessibility  of  property,  gen- 
eral mining  conditions  are  favorable  for  cheap  work.  Property  has  been 
prospected  for  over  a  year  but  definite  equipment  of  same  has  not  been 
started. 

NEW  DOMINION  COPPER  CO.,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Company  operates  the  Rawhide,  Athelstan,  Brooklyn,  and 
Idaho,  Sunset  and  other  mines.  Rawhide  property  is  principal  producer. 
This  mine  adjoins  the  Granby  Consolidated.  The  Athelstan  lies  adjacent 
to  the  British  Colombia.  Ore-bodies  are  massive  and  are  generally  found 
in  greenstone  or  altered  limestone.  The  ores  are  chalcopyrite  and  pyrite, 
often  pyrrhotite  or  magnetite.  Calcite,  garnet  and  epidote  are  common. 
An  average  analysis  of  the  ore  would  be  38-40  per  cent,  silica,  16  to  20  per 
cent,  lime  and  15-16  per  cent,  ferrous  oxide.  The  veins  at  the  Rawhide  have 
flat  dip  from  30°  to  40°  and  vary  from  a  few  feet  up  to  45  ft.  in  width.  The 
method  of  mining  is  caving,  pillars  being  left  and  robbing  the  pillars.  Very 
little  timber  is  used.  Rawhide  property  is  developed  by  tunnel.  The 
various  mines  are  connected  with  smelter  at  Greenwood  by  rail — the  dis- 
tance varying  from  a  few  miles  up  to  25  miles.  The  ore  is  smelted  at  the 
British  Columbia  smelter.  The  controlling  interest  in  the  New  Dominion 
Copper  Co.  is  held  by  the  British  Columbia  Copper  Co. 

DOME  MINES,  LTD. 

W.  W.  MEIN,  Consulting  Engineer  says : — "A  fall  in  costs  should  be  effected 
incident  upon  (1)  the  cessation  of  extraordinary  expenditures  associated  with 
the  early  operations  of  a  new  mine  and  mill,  (2)  the  increasing  efficiency 
of  methods  and  supervision  in  relation  to  local  problems,  (3)  a  probable  im- 
provement in  the  standard  of  labor  efficiency  through  the  establishment  of 
more  attractive  and  stable  conditions  in  the  camp  and  (4)  an  uninterrupted 
supply  of  hydro-electric  power,  the  benefit  of  which  installation  was  not 
gained  during  the  past  year." 

Remarks. — The  ore  outcrops  in  the  form  of  an  immense  dome  rising  above 
the  surrounding  country.  Its  dimensions  are  roughly  800  ft.  in  length  by 
200  in  width  by  25  ft.  in  height.  The  mine  is  developed  to  shallow  depths 
underground.  Mining  is  carried  on  both  at  the  surface  and  underground. 
The  ore  occurs  as  quartz  carrying  free  gold.  Pyrite  is  also  present  with 
which  gold  is  associated. 


374 


MIXING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Treatment  Operations. — The  design  and  erection  of  the  reduction  works 
were  carried  out  by  the  Merrill  Metallurgical  Company  of  San  Francisco, 
and  comprise  forty  1250  Ib.  stamps,  four  duplex  Dorr  classifiers,  four  5  X  22- 
ft.  tube  mills,  four  Pachuca  tanks  8X40  ft.,  three  90X4-in.  frames  Merrill 
slime  filter  presses,  two  52-in.  Merrill  zinc  dust  precipitation  presses. 
NIPISSING  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

In  the  future  everything  will  be  reduced  to  bullion  at  the  mine,  making 
a  material  saving  over  shipping  to  the  smelters. 

On  Feb.  1,  1911,  a  mill  for  the  treatment  of  high-grade  ore  was  completed. 
The  process  is  unique,  it  being  worked  out  by  Chas.  Butters  to  suit  this 
particular  case.  It  consists  of  amalgamation  in  cyanide  solution  in  a  tube 
mill  where  more  than  97  per  cent,  of  the  silver  is  recovered  by  amalgamation. 
The  residue  or  tails  are  then  treated  by  the  regular  cyanide  method. 

A  low-grade  mill  capacity  of  200  tons  per  day  was  constructed  in  1912. 
It  consists  of  forty  1500-lb.  stamps  and  four  6X20  ft.  tube  mills.  The  ore 
is  crushed  in  cyanide  solution  to  200-mesh,  agitated  and  passed  through 
Butters  filters,  precipitated  by  Al.  dust  through  a  Merrill  filter. 

YUKON  GOLD  CO. 

DREDGE  OPERATIONS,  6  MONTHS  TO  OCT.  31,   1913 


Dredge  number 


4     |     5     j      6     |     7     j     8 


Cost  per  yard; 
Direct  cost: 
Fixed  salaries,  cents  
Labor            .    .  . 

.0009 
.0315 

.0009 
.0333 

.0010 
.0234 

.0007 
.0201 

.0007 
.0221 

.0008 
0202 

.0008 
.0201 
.0013 
.0021 
.0147 
.0222 
.0612 

.0209 
.0005 
.0247 
.0175 
.0151 
.0010 
.0016 
.0017 

.0006 
.0236 
.0010 
.0018 
.0142 
.0236 
.0648 

.0152 
.0004 
.0164 
.0131 
.0164 
.0011 
.0012 
.0027 

Fuel...  
Shop  expense  (repairs)  
Material  and  supplies  
Power  
Total  

.0008 
.0015 
.0169 
.0313 
.0829 

.0017 
.0023 
.0211 
.0318 
.0911 

.0302 
.0006 
.0259 
.0200 
.0238 
.0013 
.0018 
.0026 

.0007 
.0011 
.0200 
.0266 
.0728 

.0188 
.0006 
.0131 
.0209 
.0187 
.0010 
.0009 
.0021 

.0001 
.0037 
.0150 
.0222 
.0618 

.0168 
.0005 
.0121 
.0205 
.0206 
.0017 
.0008 
.0013 

.0008 
.0017 
.0151 
.0213 
.0617 

.0206 
.0005 
.0209 
.0169 
.0154 
.0011 
.0014 
.0027 
.0003 

.0005 
.0027 
.0241 
.0216 
.0699 

.0234 
.0005 
.0261 
.0215 
.0181 
.0012 
.0017 
.0021 



Indirect  cost  : 

.0422 
.0006 
.0170 
.0201 
.0224 
.0012 
.0011 
.0009 

Taxes  (represent  gAlon)  
Bullion  charges  
General  charges  
Depreciation  
Insurance 

Assay  office 

Stables  ...  ... 

Main  ditch.  ...  

Company  telephone  lines.  .  .  . 
Transportation  
Miscellaneous  
Total  
Thawing  

.0003 
.0001 
.0050 
.1109 
.1255 

.0003 
.0001 
.0050 
.1116 
.1228 

0003 
0001 
0050 
0815 
1836J 

.0002 

.0002 

.0003 



.0002 
.0001 
.0050 
0883 
1279 

.0002 
.0001 
.0051 
.0719 
0749 

.0053 
.0798 
.1795 

.0050 
.0850 
.1234 

.0050 
.0999 
.1638 



Total  operating  costs,  cents 

.3193 

.3255 

.3379 

.3211 

.2701 

.3336 

2792 

2116 

APPENDIX  375 

Remarks. — In  1912  the  operations  at  Pacific,  Atlin  and  lease  contributed 
$484,337  at  a  cost  of  $204,672,  yielding  a  profit  of  $279,665.  These  figures 
we  included  in  the  grand  total  under  1912  operations. 

The  company  now  has  gravel  mines  in  several  districts.  The  season  for 
operations  is  during  the  summer  months,  lasting  from  May  to  October  in- 
clusive. There  are  nine  dredges  and  a  hydraulicking  outfit  in  operation. 
The  magnitude  of  operations  depends  upon  length  of  season  and  water 
supply  for  hydraulicking. 

The  formation  consists  of  tightly  compacted  gravel  lying  on  a  fractured 
schist  bedrock.  The  gravel  is  covered  by  an  over-burden  of  muck  varying 
from  2  to  20  ft.  in  depth,  except  in  the  stream  beds  where  the  over-burden 
has  been  removed  leaving  the  gravel  exposed.  The  total  depth  of  the  de- 
posits range  from  20  to  35  ft. 

The  gold  values  occur  in  the  gravel  directly  above  bedrock  and  in  the 
crevices  of  the  bedrock  itself  extending  into  it  for  a  depth  of  from  2  to  12  ft. 
The  average  depth  of  bedrock  excavated  in  dredging  is  5  ft.  Approximately  75 
per  cent,  of  the  gravels  is  frozen  and  must  be  thawed  before  it  can  be  dredged. 
To  accomplish  the  thawing  steam  is  distributed  from  generating  plants 
through  insulated  pipes,  which  feed  a  battery  of  approximately  180  steam 
points  to  each.  The  points  are  driven  to  bedrock,  allowed  to  steam  for  24 
to  48  hours,  and  withdrawn  when  the  thawing  is  completed.  Each  thawing 
plant  has  a  boiler  capacity  of  approximately  300  h.p.  Five  of  the  dredges 
are  equipped  with  7^-cu.  ft.  buckets  and  three  with  5-cu.  ft.  buckets. 

CRESTON  COLORADA  CO. 

Properties  located  at  Minas  Prietas,  Sonora,  Mexico,  on  the  Union 
Mexicano  Ry.  Connects  property  with  main  line  at  Torres.  Company 
operates  two  mines,  Creston  and  Colorada.  Property  is  developed  by  shafts, 
drifts  and  glory-hole.  At  one  mine  ore-bodies  are  mined  underground, 
while  at  other  properties  glory-hole  system  is  employed.  Properties  are 
developed  to  1000  ft.  in  depth.  The  ore-bodies  occur  in  parallel  veins, 
connected  by  stringers  and  fissures.  The  east  end  contains  fractured  quartz 
sulphides  on  lower  levels,  with  harder  quartz  in  west  end.  The  widths  of 
the  veins  vary  from  10  to  30  ft.;  average  value  of  the  reserves  1911  estimated 
at  $4.87  per  ton. 

The  method  of  reduction  is  cyanide  treatment.  The  Grand  Central 
mines,  mill,  and  cyanide  plant  have  been  purchased.  The  company's  own 
mill  and  cyanide  plant  treats  approximately  12,000  tons  per  month,  and  the 
Grand  Central  about  8000  tons  per  month.  Aerial  tramway  transports 
ore  between  mine  and  plants.  Company  employs  46  Americans  and  336 
Mexicans. 


376  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

BATOPILAS  MINING  CO. 

The  mines  of  this  company  have  been  operating  for  a  great  many  years. 
Some  of  the  veins  have  contained  bonanza  silver  ore.  There  is  little  of  this 
left  as  far  as  the  present  development  has  shown.  The  future  of  the  mine 
depends  upon  new  development.  Mines  operate  through  tunnels  and  shafts. 
The  ores  are  concentrated  and  the  tails  re-ground  and  cyanided. 
General  conditions  are  favourable  for  operations. 

SIEMPRE  VIVA  MINE 

Sand  and  slimes  are  separated  by  classifiers  or  tables.  The  sand  is  treated 
in  leaching  vats  by  Butters-and-Mein  distributors,  and  slimes  are  treated  by 
decantation  process,  agitation  being  effected  either  by  stirrer  or  centrifugal 
pump.  Cyanide  solution  is  treated  in  zinc  boxes,  with  zinc  shavings,  and 
entire  property  is  equipped  with  steam  and  water  power  and  electricity  for 
lighting  purposes.  331  men  are  employed,  176  underground  and  155  on  the 
surface.  (Data  by  Henry  F.  Lefevre.) 

BUTTERS  SALVADOR  MINES 

Remarks. — The  Butters  Salvador  Mines  are  located  25  miles  from  La 
Union,  Salvador.  Seaport  La  Union.  The  property  contains  a  series  of 
veins  5  to  12  ft.  wide  paralleling  each  other  along  a  distance  of  3000  ft.  and 
along  two  main  fracture  zones.  Property  is  opened  by  tunnels  and  shaft. 
The  ore-body  is  a  replacement  in  rhyolite.  The  ore  is  gold  with  a  quartz 
gangue.  The  method  of  mining  is  stoping  in  steps  of  6  ft.  and  filling  from 
the  surface.  No  timber  is  used.  The  mines  are  developed  to  800  ft.  in 
depth.  Drainage  is  by  tunnel.  The  method  of  treatment  is  milling — all 
sliming  in  cyanide  solution. 

PATO  PROPERTY 

Remarks. — Operations  began  Feb.  1,  1913.  Numerous  delays  and 
difficulties  were  experienced  in  the  early  operations.  It  is  worthy  of  mention 
in  connection  with  the  working  profit  of  $10,373  shown,  that  for  two  months 
losses  were  made,  also  that  the  cost  per  yard  of  33.12^  for  the  first  month 
had  been  reduced  at  the  end  of  six  months  to  5.35  cents.  The  acreage  ex- 
hausted equalled  11.42  yielding  $5,824  per  acre  at  a  cost  of  $4,916  per  acre. 

From  Aug.  1  to  Oct.  1  based  on  cable  advices  89  days  the  dredge  recovered 
$156,820  from  266,270  yds.  washed,  an  average  of  59  cents  per  cubic  yard. 
The  daily  yardage  was  3000,  an  increase  of  550  cu.  yd.  over  the  prior  six 
months  period.  The  average  value  recovered  was  nearly  four  times  as  great. 

DE  BEERS  CONSOLIDATED  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Properties  are  located  near  Kimberley,  647  miles  northeasterly 
from  Cape  Town  in  Cape  Colony.  The  principal  mines  are  the  De  Beers, 


APPENDIX  377 

Kimberley,  Wesselton,  Bultfontein,  Dutoitspan  and  many  other  holdings. 
The  large  mines  are  all  near  together  and  are  situated  in  an  area  not  over 
five  miles  square.  The  diamonds  occur  as  separate  crystals  in  pipes  of 
blue  ground  of  serpentinized  olivine  or  kimberlite.  A  maximum  depth 
of  3600  ft.  has  been  attained  in  development.  At  some  of  the  properties 
the  surface  ores  are  worked  by  open-cut.  The  load  mentioned  in  the  above 
data  is  equal  to  16  cu.  ft.  or  1.4  short  tons.  The  diamonds  are  extracted 
by  washing.  There  are  millions  of  tons  of  old  tailings  at  the  various 
properties,  the  result  of  former  washing.  These  are  now  being  retreated 
at  a  profit.  In  addition  to  its  mining  operations,  the  company  has  extensive 
manufacturing,  agricultural,  and  other  interests  in  that  section. 

The  tonnage  handled  at  these  mines  is  probably  one  of  the  greatest  in  the 
world. 
BANTJES  CONSOLIDATED  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Property  began  producing  Aug.  9,  1910.  The  average  stop- 
ing  width  of  the  four  reefs- — namely,  the  Main  Reef,  Main  Reef  Leader, 
Leader  and  South  Reef,  is  41  in.  The  principal  producer  is  the  South  Reef. 
The  Reefs  are  narrow.  In  1911  the  development  done  on  the  South  Reef 
disclosed  an  average  width  of  12  in.  assaying  19.8  dwt.  and  on  the  Leader 
24  in.  assaying  10.1  dwt.  Mine  is  developed  by  inclined  shafts.  Maximum 
depth  around  3000  ft. 

A  mill  of  100  stamps  has  been  built.  In  1912  an  average  of  80  were  operat- 
ing. Tube  mills  and  cyanide  treatment  complete  the  equipment. 

BRAKPAN  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Company  began  operating  at  end  of  May,  1911.  In  1912, 
12,619  ft.  of  development  done  on  the  reef  averaged  9.36  dwt.  over  a  width 
of  37.67  in.  In  this  year  the  average  stoping  width  of  ore  mined  was  66.50 
in.  and  the  calculated  milling  width  56.39  in.  In  1911,  9701  ft.  of  develop- 
ment was  done  in  the  reef  with  an  average  of  10.07  dwt.  over  a  width  of  reef 
of  32.89  in.  For  stope  widths  used  on  basis  ore  reserves  calculations  see 
tabulated  data  given.  l  The  system  of  waste  packing  which  has  been  adopted 
has  proven  well  suited  to  the  flat  dip  of  the  reef  and  the  great  depth  at  which 
mining  operations  are  carried  on.  The  property  is  equipped  with  pumps 
of  1,250,000  gal.  per  24  hours  capacity.  There  is  pumped  daily  approxi- 
mately 600,000  gal. 

CINDERELLA  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Mill  has  80  stamps  and  3  tube  mills;  wt.  of  stamps  1650  Ib. 
The  plants  are  operated  by  electric  power.  The  Central  Shaft  was  sunk 
793  ft.  in  1912  to  2375  ft.  This  shaft  makes  considerable  water.  In 
October  1912  the  flow  was  200,000  gal.  per  day.  This  shaft  will  cut  the 


378  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Reef  at  a  depth  of  3000  ft.  The  Cinderella  shaft  intersected  the  reef  at  4000 
ft.  The  lowest  level  in  the  mine  in  1912  was  4443  ft.  The  company  owns 
about  3  miles  on  the  strike  of  the  reef. 

The  increase  in  working  cost  in  1912  is  mainly  due  to  additional  expendi- 
tures of  sand  filling,  closer  timbering,  packing,  ventilation  and  contribution 
to  Miners  Phthisis  Insurance  Fund.  In  1911  stoping  width  was  58  in.  In 
1912  it  was  46  in.  The  latter  is  due  to  figures  being  taken  out  on  a  hand 
stoping  basis  insted  of  machine.  In  the  sand  filling  method  the  sand  is  sent 
down  dry. 

CITY  DEEP,  LTD. 

Duty  per  stamp  (tons) 13.2 

Waste  sorted  in  mining,  15  per  cent 11.6 

Development  work 9947  ft. 

The  Main  Reef  Leader  has  a  stoping  width  of  from  17  in.  to  24  in.  assay- 
ing from  16  to  33  dwt.  per  ton.  At  present  this  is  the  main  source  of  ore 
supply.  This  reef  is  exposed  for  a  distance  of  over  2500  ft.  Dip  of  reef 
about  38  deg. 

The  mill  has  200  stamps  and  nine  tube  mills  and  will  treat  65,000  ton  per 
month  when  in  full  operation.     Electric  power  is  used. 
CITY  AND  SUBURBAN  GOLD  MINING  AND  ESTATE  CO.,  LTD. 

Results  of  Operations  from  1901  to  1912  Incl. — Ore  milled,  3,013,013; 
yield  per  ton,  7.456  dwt.;  cost  per  ton,  19s.  1.057d.;  revenue  per  ton, 
31s  6.07d.;  profit  per  ton,  11s.  7.50d.;  working  profit,  £1,752,372;  total 
profit,  1,825,610. 

Remarks. — The  principal  reefs  worked  are  the  Main  Reef  Leader  and 
South  with  widths  and  assay  values  in  1911  as  follows: 

Main  Reef 31.2  in.;    9.4  dwt. 

Leader 19.4  in.;  24.7  dwt. 

South 16.6  in.;  19.4  dwt. 

These  two  reefs  have  in  the  past  been  stoped  together  to  a  width  of 
8  ft.  or  9  ft.,  with  a  sorting  out  of  probably  3  ft.  of  waste  rock.  Dip  of 
reef,  30  deg. 

The  mill  has  160  stamps  in  operation. 

Resume  Operations,  1910. — Gold,  ounces,  106,049;  working  profit, 
£86,252;  tons  crushed,  308,366;  value  ore,  6.880  dwt.;  cost  per  ton,  19s. 
8.37d.;  revenue  per  ton,  25s.  3.52d.;  profit,  5s.  7.15d. 

CONSOLIDATED  MAIN  REEF  MINES  AND  ESTATE,  LTD. 

Remarks. — This  property  operates  on  the  Main  Reef  Leader  and  South 
Reef.  The  work  is  done  through  three  large  shafts.  No.  3  was  commenced 
in  1910  and  will  cut  the  Main  Leader  Reef  at  about  2500  ft.  depth. 


APPENDIX  379 

The  west  shaft  is  down  over  3500  ft.  Plant  has  120  stamps,  three  tube 
mills,  which  will  probably  be  enlarged. 

CROWN  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks.- — This  company  is  a  consolidation  of  several  properties  that  are 
being  worked  together.  The  underground  workings  are  being  connected 
on  large  haulage  levels  and  the  ore  hoisted  through  several  working  shafts. 
On  the  surface  the  several  mills  are  connected  with  the  shafts  by  electric 
trams. 

The  widths  and  gold  content  of  the  three  reefs  are  as  follows: 

Main  Reef 38  in.     12s.      9d.    ] 

Main  Reef,  Leader 24  in.     73s.      2d.     \  1911 

South  Reef 24  in.     57s.      8d.    J 

A  stoping  width  of  from  58  in.  to  65  in.  is  maintained  which  brings  the 
value  of  mill  ore  to  about  8  dwt.  =  33s.  4d.  The  combined  stamps  of 
the  five  mills  amount  to  835.  These  have  a  capacity  of  about  210,000  tons 
per  month  or  about  2, 500,000  tons  per  annum.  Electric  power  is  used.  The 
contemplated  improvements  for  centralizing  the  work  are  very  extensive. 
The  full  effects  of  this  work  are  not  as  yet  felt. 

RECORD  OF  OPERATIONS  FROM  1907  TO  DEC.  31,  1912 

Total  tons  milled 8,742,615 

Cost  per  ton £0  18  9.76 

Working  revenue 1   14  6.12 

Profit  per  ton 15  8.357 

Working  profit £6,861,388 

Net  profit 6,859,199 

EAST  RAND  PROPRIETARY  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — This  company  is  a  consolidation  of  a  number  of  outcrop  and 
deep  level  mines  extending  some  6  miles  along  the  strike  of  the  reef. 

The  reefs  have  been  faulted  and  the  croppings  appear  twice  upon  the 
surface.  The  Main  Reef  Leader  is  the  main  reliance  of  the  mine.  It  is 
from  20  to  28  in.  wide  and  is  stoped  to  a  width  of  48  in.  The  Main  Reef 
is  48  in.  to  50  in.  wide,  but  low  grade.  The  South  Reef  is  pyritic  and  non- 
payable.  The  winding  is  done  in  two  stages  to  a  total  inclined  depth  of 
6000  ft.,  each  stage  being  3000  ft.  The  milling  is  done  in  four  plants.  Two 
plants,  with  a  total  of  440  stamps,  are  driven  by  electricity  and  the  other 
two  plants  with  380  stamps  by  steam.  It  is  said  that  by  increasing  the 
tube  mills  to  44  in  the  former  two  mills,  the  tonnage  can  be  maintained  at  a 
saving  in  operating  costs.  This  change  is  contemplated. 

The  recovery  of  the  East  Rand  Proprietary  Mines  Co.  was  as  follows  for 
1908  and  1909. 

1908 31s.  6d.  per  ton. 

1909 29s.   2d.  per  ton. 


380 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Yield  from  all  Sources  to  December  31,  1910.— Tons  milled,  10,054,414; 
Silver,  oz.,  455,694;  per  ton  milled,  dwt.  0.906;  total  ounces  gold,  4,064,321; 
per  ton  milled,  dwt.,  8.085;  total  value  realized,  £17,199,696  7s.  Id.,  per  ton 
milled,  34s.  2.559d. 

FERREIRA  DEEP,  LTD. 

Stoping  widths,  widths  of  veins  and  values  for  1912  were  as  follows: 

Main  Reef  Leader 72  in.     34  in.     67s.     2d. 

South  Reef  Leader 60  in.     23  in.     96s.     7d. 

Dip  of  reefs  27  deg.     The  main  reef  is  wide  but  very  low  grade.     The 
mill  has  280  stamps  and  seven  tube  mills.     Capacity  of  mill  750,000  to 
800,000  tons  per  annum. 
FERREIRA  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

Notes. — The  company  is  mining  the  three  reefs.  An  average  stoping 
width  of  77  in.  is  maintained  with  an  average  assay  value  of  8. 10  dwt.  per 
ton.  Dip  of  reefs  about  40  deg.  The  mill  has  120  stamps  and  three  tube 
mills. 

The  capital  of  the  company  is  £95,000.  From  1891  to  1899  (the  Boer 
War)  £1,268,500  was  distributed  in  dividends,  while  since  the  conclusion 
of  the  war,  and  up  till  June,  1911,  a  further  £2,556,250  was  distributed. 
The  mine  is  now  practically  worked  out. 

GELDENHUIS  DEEP,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  property  mines  on  the  three  reefs.  The  widths,  assay 
value  and  stoping  widths  are  as  follows: 


Width 

Value 

Stoping  width 

Main  reef 

26  in. 

6.0  dwt. 

54  in. 

Main  reef  leader  
South  reef  

9  in. 
16  in. 

21.0  dwt. 
14.  6  dwt. 

41  in. 
45  in. 

The  combined  mills  have  a  total  of  420  stamps,  with  a  maximum  crushing 
capacity,  with  the  aid  of  tube  mills,  of  948,000  tons  per  annum.  Electric 
power  is  used. 

The  payable  ore  reserves  Dec.  31,  1912,  showed  the  following  widths  and 
values: 


Value 

dwt.        s.          d. 

5.8       24           4 

57  in. 

Main  reef  leader                                        

6.7       28           2 

40  in. 

South  reef                                               

6.4       26         11 

49  in. 

Total  

6.3       26           6 



APPENDIX  381 

Resume  of  Operations  from  First  Year  (three  months)  Ending  Dec.  31, 
1896,  to  Dec.  31,  1912,  inclusive.- — Ore  milled  tons,  5,660,782;  cost  per  ton 
milled,  £l  1  10.265;  rev.  per  ton  milled,  £1  11  9.468;  profit  per  ton  milled, 
9  11.203;  total  working  profit,  £2,811,591;  net  profit,  £2,769,738. 

MAIN  REEF  WEST,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  mine  is  operating  through  several  shafts.     The  reefs 
were  encountered  in  the  different  shafts  from  1250  ft.  to  2500  ft.  deep. 
In  1912  the  stoping  widths  and  gold  contents  were  as  follows: 

Main  Reef  Leader 56  in.     6.35  dwt. 

South  Reef 36  in.     7        dwt. 

Mills  operate  80  stamps  at  present,  but  have  total  120,  and  3  tubes. 
MODDERFONTEIN  B  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Crushing  at  the  mine  began  in  October,  1911.  The  nature 
of  the  reef  formation  is  a  rich  ore-body  about  12"  thick,  with  frequent 
bulgings;  stoped  to  a  width  of  48  inches.  Dip  of  the  reef  about  14  deg. 
Two  large  shafts  are  operated.  The  mill  has  eighty  1650-lb.  stamps  and 
five  tubes  with  the  latest  cyanide  appliances.  A  maximum  of  30,000  tons 
per  month  can  be  treated.  The  reef  varies  from  7  in.  to  14  in.  and  assays 
33  dwt.  per  ton.  In  1912  the  development  on  the  reef  disclosed  a  total 
of  3489  ft.  averaging  15  in.  and  assaying  99s.  7d.  per  ton.  Owing  to  flat 
dip  and  weak  nature  of  strata  the  hanging  wall  is  heavy.  Systematic 
packing  is  resorted  to.  About  17  per  cent,  of  area  exhausted  is  filled  with 
waste  rock. 

In  1912  in  mining  an  average  of  1.7  tons  was  broken  per  shift  by  each 
native  employed  on  hammer  work  at  a  cost  of  3s.  6fd.  per  ton  and  17  tons 
per  shift  by  each  rock  drill  machine  at  a  cost  of  3s.  per  ton  broken. 

The  company  employs  314  whites  and  1933  coloured.  Working  costs 
at  the  last  quarter  of  1912  were  reduced  to  16s.  5d.  per  ton. 

In  1909  a  total  of  4265  ft.  were  driven  on  the  reef;  this  disclosed  an 
average  width  of  14  in.  averaging  22.3  dwt. 

In  1910,  11,295  ft.  of  development  on  the  reef  averaged  11.83  in.  in  width, 
assaying  32.71  dwt.  During  1910  construction  work  on  the  mill  was  begun. 
NEW  HERIOT  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

In  1912  the  stoping  widths  for  the  North  Reef,  Main  Reef,  Main  Reef 
Leader  and  South  Reef  averaged  respectively  50  in.,.  80  in.,  49  in.  and  51  in. 

Of  the  development  work  done  for  the  year  about  65 . 5  per  cent,  was  in 
reef  formation.  This  disclosed  the  following: 


Distance  exposed, 
feet 

Width,  inches 

Assay  value  at 
84s.  per  oz. 

Main  Reef 

107 

18 

30s.     8d. 

Main  Reef  Leader 

1  765 

14 

100        0 

South  Reef  

682 

12 

84        5 

382 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Remarks.' — The  property  has  four  reefs.  The  average  of  the  four  as 
given  in  the  reserves  estimate  of  1910  is  stoping  width  of  3.87  ft.  of  8.41 
dwt.  ore.  At  the  croppings  the  reef's  dip  is  80  deg.,  but  at  depth  they  flat- 
ten to  40  deg. 

The  mill  has  seventy  1100-lb.  stamps  and  two  tubes  with  capacity  of 
about  12,000  tons  per  month. 

NEW  MODDERFONTEIN  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks.' — The  property  has  two  reefs  with  values  and  widths  shown 
above.  About  12  per  cent,  of  the  broken  rock  is  sorted  out  and  rejected. 
The  dip  of  the  reef  is  about  20  deg.  The  mill  has  180  stamps  and  tubes. 
The  intention  is  to  increase  to  300  stamps  and  tubes  which  will  crush  about 
1,100,000  tons  per  annum. 

Of  the  development  done  in  1912,  14,378  ft.  was  in  the  reef  formation. 
The  vein  for  this  distance  averaged  10  in.  in  width  and  assayed  186s.  Id. 

OPERATIONS  1010  AND  1911 


1911 


1910 


Revenue  from  gold  

£893,200 

£749,975 

Working  expenditures  

511,400 

437,137 

Working  profit 

381,800 

312,838 

Tons  mined 

644,135 

595,506 

Tons  milled 

574  600 

534,300 

Working  cost  per  ton 

17.80s. 

16  36s. 

Gold  recovered  per  ton 

31.10s. 

28  07s. 

Profit  per  ton  milled 

13.30s. 

11.71s. 

Net  profit  after  taxes  and  cur.  exp  

11.20s. 

Resume  of  Working  Revenue  Expenditure  and  Profit  from  June,  1895, 
to  July  i,  1912.— Ore  milled,  tons,  3,129,480;  ounces  gold,  1,170,111; 
working  revenue,  £4,915,643;  working  expenditure,  £3,161,369;  working 
profit,  £1,754,273;  net  profit,  £1,854,379;  value  per  ton  ore  milled,  31s.  5d.; 
cost  per  ton  ore  milled,  20s.  3d.;  profit  per  ton  ore  milled,  11s.  2d. 

NOURSE  MINES,  LTD. 

Notes.' — The  property  has  three  reefs  separated  at  the  outcrop  by  50  ft. 
and  25  ft.  respectively.     The  dip  at  surface  is  80  deg.  and  at  depth  40  deg. 
The  stoping  widths,  reef  widths  and  values  are : 


Main  reef 

Main  reef  leader. . . . 
South  reef  leader. .  . 


.  56  in.  32  in.  36s.  9d. 
.  43  in.  14  in.  73s.  8d. 
.  49  in.  16  in.  81s.  Od. 


The  mill  has  260  stamps  and  seven  tube  mills  with  capacity  of  700,000 
tons  per  annum.     Total  mill  extraction  in  1912  was  95.8  per  cent. 


APPENDIX  383 

RANDFONTEIN  CENTRAL  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — This  company  is  the  consolidation  of  several  properties 
among  which  are  the  West  Randfontein,  Mynpach,  Block  A  Co.'s  Ferguson, 
Van  Hulsteyn  Johnstone,  East  Randfontein  and  Randfontein  South. 

There  are  four  reefs  under  development.  The  ore  is  being  hoisted  through 
five  main  shafts  on  the  northern  section  and  the  same  number  on  the  southern 
section.  A  main  central  power  plant  supplies  20,000  electrical  kilowatts. 
The  reserves  are  calculated  on  a  milling  width  of  30  in.  which  averages 
from  7  to  7.2  dwt.  per  ton.  The  mills  (5  in  number)  have  a  total  of  1000 
stamps  and  tube  mill  operating.  It  is  stated  that  with  additional  tubes 
and  treatment  tanks  the  milling  capacity  will  be  increased  to  3,100,000  or 
3,500,000  tons  per  annum.  Ore  reserves  Dec.  31,  1912,  amounted  to 
7,600,000  tons  valued  at  6.2  dwt.  The  water  pumped  at  the  various  sec- 
tions varies  from  13,000,000  gal.  to  146,000,000  gal.  In  1911  the  ten  main 
shafts  on  the  property  had  an  average  depth  of  1631  ft.  The  Randfontein 
South  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  absorbed  by  the  Randfontein  Central 
Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  1911. 

RANDFONTEIN  SOUTH  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  absorption  of  this  company  by  the  Randfontein  Central 
Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  took  place  in  1911. 

Mine  operations  are  conducted  on  five  sections,  No.  1  Stubbs,  No.  1 
Forges,  No.  2  South,  and  No.  3  North  and  No.  4  Robinson. 

No.  1  Stubbs. — Main  shaft  983  ft.  deep.     Development  for  year,  1977  ft. 

No.  1  Porges. — Tons  mined  during  year,  332,497.  Development  in  year, 
10,309  ft.  Water  pumped  during  year,  61,327,982  gal.  Shaft  down  to 
seventeenth  level. 

No.  2  South.— Tons  mined,  310,847.  Shaft  down  to  sixteenth  level. 
Development  for  year,  5465  ft.  Water  pumped,  111,575,824  gal. 

No.  3  North.— Tons  mined  317,606.  Depth  of  shaft,  2272  ft.  (vertical). 
Water  pumped,  75,000,000  gal. 

No.  4  Robinson.— Shaft  to  1700  ft.  vertical.  Water  pumped,  259,900,000  gal. 
ROBINSON  DEEP  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — The  property  is  operated  through  two  main  shafts  which  cut 
the  reefs  at  about  1806  ft.  and  2385,  respectively.  The  Main  Reef  Leader 
and  South  Reef  are  the  principal  producers  of  ore.  The  reserves  are  based 
upon  stoping  widths  of  48  in.  for  Main  Leader  and  30  in.  for  South  Reef. 
The  mills  have  a  total  of  300  stamps  and  tubes. 

ROBINSON  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Of  the  three  reefs,  until  lately  only  the  Main  Reef,  Leader 
and  South  Reef  have  been  mined.  The  Main  Reef  and  Leader  Reef  lie 


384  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

very  close  together,  in  fact,  the  latter  rests  upon  the  Mam  Reef  so  that  in 
working  the  Leader  Reef  portions  of  the  Main  Reef  are  broken  with  it.  This 
gives  a  stoping  width  of  about  80  in.  The  South  Reef,  being  some  distance 
from  the  others,  is  worked  separately,  with  a  stoping  width  of  about  64  in. 


1912 

Width 

Value 

Main  Reef                    .                    

28  in. 

283       2d 

Main  Reef,  Leader,             

35  in. 

44s       3d. 

South  Reef  

22  in. 

76s.      2d. 

The  mill  has  250  stamps  and  six  tubes  with  the  usual  cyanide  equipment. 
The  mine  is  one  of  the  earliest  producers  of  the  Rand,  and  for  a  long  time 
was  considered  the  premier  mine  of  the  district. 

RESULTS  OBTAINED  FROM  JAN.,  1888,  TO  DEC.  31,  1912 

Tons  mined 7,170,533              Yield  per  ton  milled. . .  13.783  dwt. 

Tons  sorted  out 1,196,808             Working  revenue £17,300,361 

Per  cent,  sorted  out 16.69             Working  expenditures.  5,866,933 

Tons  milled 5,971,075 

Gold  ounces 4,115,137               Working  profit 11,433,428 

Revenue  per  ton 57s.  1 1 . 36d. 

Cost  per  ton 19       7.814 


Profit  per  ton 38       3 . 553. 

ROSE  DEEP,  LTD. 

Notes.— The  Rose  Deep  No.  1  shaft  intersects  the  South  Reef  at  860  ft., 
dip  of  reef  29  deg.,  and  the  Main  Reef  at  900  ft.  The  Main  Reef  Leader  lies 
equidistant  between  the  other  two.  The  width,  stoping  width  and  assay 
value  for  these  are  as  follows: 

Main  Reef 21  in.       9.4  dwt.  61  in. 

Main  Reef  Leader 16  in.     11.0  dwt.  34  in. 

South  Reef 19  in.     11.6  dwt.  54  in. 

Stoping  Width  (rough  average) 57  in. 

The  crushing  plant  consists  of  300  stamps. 

Since  1907  when  operation  began,  to  Dec.  31,  1912,  the  following  results 
have  been  obtained. 

Tons  milled 5,184,187 

Average  cost 18s.       6 . 23d. 

Average  value  per  ton £1     9s.     11. 5d. 

Profit £2,966,114 

Profit  per  ton £0    11         5.3 

Net  profit. £2,963,506 


APPENDIX  385 

SUB  NIGEL,  LTD. 

1912  1911 


Stamps  dropping  

30 

30 

Days  running  

345 

331 

Duty  per  stamp  

5.05 

5.00 

Tube  mills  

1 

1 

352 

341 

Development,  feet  

5269 

7307 

Water  pumped,  gallon  

23,340,580 

16,841,250 

Ave.  stoping  w'd,  inches  

38.98 

39.42 

The  reef  was  encountered  at  a  depth  of  1028  ft.  The  thickness  was 
8  in.  to  10  in.  of  9  to  10  dwt.  rock. 

The  crushing  plant  consists  of  30  stamps  and  one  tube  mill,  which  it  is 
contemplated  to  increase. 

Ore  reserves,  8.9  dwt. 

VILLAGE  DEEP,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  mine  operates  through  three  shafts.  Two  are  five- 
compartment  and  the  third  a  seven-compartment.  In  No.  1  shaft  the  reefs 
were  encountered  as  follows:  South  Reef  at  2011  ft.  depth.  Main  Reef 
and  Leader  at  2075  ft.  In  the  new  seven-compartment  shaft,  South  Reef 
was  cut  at  3815  ft.  depth,  Main  Reef  Leader  at  3894  ft.,  and  Main  Reef  at 
3904  ft. 

The  average  width  and  value  of  the  reefs  for  last  quarter  of  1911  were: 
Main  Reef  Leader,  22-in.,  20.4  dwt.,  64-in.  stoping  width.  South  Reef, 
19-in.,  14.3  dwt.  55  in.  stoping  width. 

The  mill  has  180  stamps  and  six  tubes.  The  mill  is  being  increased  to 
have  a  capacity  of  600,000  tons  per  annum.  Electric  power  is  now  used 
throughout. 

The  ore  is  trammed  by  an  endless  rope  system  from  the  shafts  to  the  mill, 
distances  of  1800  and  3222  ft.  From  12  to  15  per  cent,  waste  is  sorted  out. 

The  following  show  results  obtained  since  commencement  of  reduction 
operations  (Jan  1,  1905,  to  Dec  31,  1912).  • 

Tons   mined 3,751,136 

Tons  sorted  out 586,626 

Tons  milled 3,192,027 

Revenue  per  ton 27s.     1 .  5d. 

Cost  per  ton 19s.  11. 17d. 


Profit  per  ton 7s.     1.8d. 

Working  revenue £4,330,088 

Working  expenditures 3,188,519 


Working  profit £1,141,1 

25 


386  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

VILLAGE  MAIN  REEF  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  principal  reefs  are  the  Leader  and  South.     They  are 
100  ft.  apart  and  dip  about  30  deg. 
For  1911  the  widths  and  assay  values  were: 

Leader  Reef 12  in.  38.7  dwt.  48  in.  stoping  width 

South  Reef 14  in.  25 . 5  dwt.  54  in.  stoping  width 

The  mill  has  220  stamps  and  tube  mill  accessory. 

WITWATERSRAND  DEEP,  LTD. 

The  cost  of  stoping  during  1912  was  as  follows: 

Machine  stoping  Hand  stoping 


Cost  per  fathom  
Cost  per  ton  

£5 
0 

12 

7 

1.73 
4.58 

£3 
0 

16 
6 

0.92 
1.08 

The  water  pumped  in  1912  amounted  to  719,877,400  gal.  costing  £38,955 
or  Is.  8.73d.  per  ton  milled  after  crediting  £11,253  for  sale  of  water  and 
charging  £2,519  for  laying  pipe. 

RESULT  OF  OPERATIONS  FROM   1902  TO  1911  INCLUSIVE 

Tons  mined 3,529,430 

Tons  milled 3,000,381 

Screen  value,  dwt 8. 19 

Cost  per  ton 18s.  5.7ld. 

Profit  per  ton 13s.  6.91d. 

Remarks. — The  reefs  have  been  faulted  and  are  consequently  classed  as 
two  series,  the  North  and  South.  Two  shafts,  one  east  and  one  west, 
develop  the  series. 

In  the  North  series  the  Main  Reef  and  Leader  are  close  enough  to  be 
worked  together,  forming  a  stoping  width  of  about  6  ft.  In  the  south 
series  the  Leader  Reef  is  worked  alone  owing  to  the  non-pay  values  of  the 
main  reef.  The  ore  reserves  are  based  upon  a  stoping  width  of  from  48  in. 
to  50  in.  with  an  assay  value  of  approximately  7.16  dwt.  per  ton.  The  mill 
has  245  stamps  and  tube  accessory. 

Large  amount  of  water  pumped.  Capacity  of  pumps  3,000,000  gal.  per 
24  hours. 

Average  stoping  width  50  in. 

WOLHUTER  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks. — The  three  reefs  average  in  thickness  as  follows:  Leader  4  ft.; 
South  4  ft.  and  Main  Reef  4.5  ft.  to  5  ft.  The  average  dip  at  depth  being 
about  30  deg. 

The  property  is  developed  by  two  inclined  shafts  in  the  outcrop  and  one 
vertical  shaft  in  the  dip  ground. 


APPENDIX  387 

During  the  year  ended  Oct.  31,  1912,  the  total  footage  developed  was  as 
follows: 

Average  width,  reef 24 . 1      in. 

Average  value,  reef 12.7  dwt. 

Average  stope  width 49 . 5     in. 

Average  stope  value 6.2  dwt. 

The  mill  has  120  stamps  with  tubes  and  cyanide  plant  with  room  allowed 
for  an  additional  40  stamps. 
MYSORE  GOLD  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 

Vein  varies  from  1  ft.  to  6  ft.  Working  by  shafts  to  a  depth  of  about 
4000  ft. 

The  mines  have  been  operating  since  1884.     The  total  tonnage  milled  is 
3,314,787  with  a  total  gross  production  of  £13,472,641. 
OOREGUM  GOLD  MINING  CO.  OF  INDIA,  LTD. 

The  mine  is  worked  through  inclined  shafts.  Greatest  depth  4610  ft. 
Width  of  vein  varies  from  9  in.  to  3.5  ft.  During  the  year  131,433,542  gal. 
water  were  pumped.  The  mine  has  operated  since  1888  producing  1,522,612 
oz.  standard  gold  from  the  treatment  of  2,103,152  tons  of  ore.  Total 
dividends  declared  £1,964,838. 

NUNDYDROOG  COMPANY,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Mine  developed  to  2900  ft.  level.     Vein  narrow  averaging 
from  8  in.  to  1£  ft.     Method  of  treatment.     Milling  and  cyanide  property 
has  electric  power.     Ton  =  2,000  Ibs. 
KAPSAN  MINING  CONCESSIONS 

The  mine  is  entered  by  shaft  to  vertical  depth  of  450  ft.  and  inclined 
depth  of  ore-body  of  1020  ft. 

The  mine  is  in  course  of  development.  It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  pyritic 
smelting  plant  of  100  tons'  capacity.  The  mine  is  81  miles  by  cart-road 
from  nearest  seaport. 

The  government  charges  a  land  tax  of  25  cents  per  seven-eighth  acre  per 
year,  and  1  per  cent,  of  gross  output  as  royalty. 
SEOUL  MINING  CO. 

Remarks. — Mine  is  operated  through  shaft  to  depth  of  about  700  ft.  The 
ore-bodies  are  large  lenticular  masses  of  gold,  copper  and  bismuth-bearing 
quartz.  About  65  per  cent,  of  the  gold  content  is  native  and  recovered  by 
amalgamation. 

The  mill  consists  of  40  stamps,  Pierce  amalgamators,  concentrating  tables 
and  slime  tables.  The  high-grade  ore  is  shipped  to  Tacoma,  Washington, 
U.S. 

The  conditions  for  cheap  operations  are  exceptionally  good.  Native  labour 
is  cheap  and  efficient. 


388  . 


MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  SPASSKY  COPPER  MINE,  LTD. 

The  property  has  good  widths  of  high-grade  ore  and  as  a  mine  gives 
much  promise. 

Average  width  of  ore  14  ft. 

Mine  operated  through  shafts  to  depth  of  490  ft.  Company  operated 
its  own  coal  mine  and  railroad. 

The  smelter  consists  of  three  blast  furnaces  and  converting  plant. 

The  reports  do  not  give  full  data  on  costs. 

BRITISH  BROKEN  HILL  PROPRIETARY  CO.,  LTD. 

General  Remarks. — The  property  is  reached  by  rail  from  Adelaide  or 
Port  Pirie.  The  ore-bodies  are  large  masses  of  sulphides  occurring  in  schist 
formation.  The  ore  is  a  lead  and  zinc  combination  carrying  silver  values. 
The  mine  is  operated  by  shafts  to  a  depth  of  about  1000  ft.  The  milling 
method  consists  of  crushing  and  concentration.  The  lead  values  are  re- 
moved mainly  in  the  first  stage  and  the  tails  reconcentrated  to  remove  the 
zinc.  The  flotation  process  of  the  Minerals  Separation  Co.  is  being  installed. 

BROKEN  HILL  SOUTH  SILVER  MINING  CO. 
Ore-bodies  worked  by  square-set. 

Massive  deposits  up  to  several  hundred  feet  long  by  200  ft.  wide. 
Developed  to  1200  ft.  in  depth. 

MOUNT  BOPPY  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

Sixty-head  stamp  mill.     Higher  cost  per  ton  in  1911  due  to  advance  in 
wages  and  reduced  output  in  consequence  of  cessation  of  work.     The  cost 
in  1910  was  19s.  0.92d.     Developed  to  700-ft.  level.     Diminished  output 
1912  due  to  shortage  of  water  arising  from  drought. 
ASSOCIATED  NORTHERN  BLOCKS  (W-A.),  LTD. 


1912 

Victorious  leases:1 
Tons  mined   oxidized 

5,007 

Tons  treated,  oxidized  

5,007 
1  251 

£5   316  2s    8d 

Cost  per  ton  : 
Ore  extraction  

s.          d. 
4       2.142 

Milling 

5       3.016 

1       0  320 

Total 

10       5  478 

Development,  feet  
Cost  per  foot  

3,089 
39s.     6.051d. 

1  Month  of  September  in  which  month  production  was  begun. 


APPENDIX 


389 


Remarks.' — The  reduction  plant  is  of  300  tons  daily  capacity.  This 
plant  contains  rock-breakers  Huntington  Mills,  Amalgamating  Pans, 
Pulp  Thickeners,  Agitators,  Vacuum  Filters,  Clarifiers,  etc.  Lode  average, 
around  4  ft.  Property  developed  to  fourth  level. 


GREAT    BOULDER  PERSEVERANCE  GOLD  MINING  CO. 


Year  Ending  Dec.  31. 


1912 


1911 


Aug.  1-Dec.  1,  1910 


Grade  ore  reserves  and  value 

5.63  dwt.  23s.  lid. 

5.63  dwt.  23s   lid. 

5.71  dwt.  24s.  3d. 

Tons  of  waste  to  old  stopes. 

15,667 

11,197 

31,720 

Dev.  (cost  per  foot)  : 

8320  feet 

8660  feet 

5242  feet 

Shaft  sinking,  per  foot.  . 

£18  12   1 

£1812  6 

Driving  shafting,  per  ft. 

£2    6    3.7 

£2  13  2 

£309 

Cross  cutting,  per  foot.  . 

£2  15    7.0 

£2  19  4 

£3  14  9 

Winzes  &  rises,  per  foot  . 

£2  16  10.6' 

£352 

£479 

Plat  cutting,  p"er  foot  .  .  . 

£4  19   11.3 

£568 

£5  12  5 

Depth  shaft,  2228  

GREAT  FINGALL  CONSOLIDATED,  LTD. 

Remarks. — Accessibility. — 600  miles  by  rail  from  Perth. 

Character  of  ore. — Free  milling. 

Character  of  ore-body. — Quartz,  reef. 

Width  of  ore-body.— 8  ft.  to  13  ft. 

Method  of  opening. — "Shrinkage"  sloping  upper  level;  "rills"  and  "flat 
back"  bottom  levels. 

Method  of  mining. — Shaft  and  levels.  Bottom  levels  driven  off  a  main 
internal  shaft. 

Depth  of  mine.— 2280  ft.  vertically. 

Method  of  ore  reduction. — 40  stamp  mill.  Fine  grinding  in  pans.  Vacuum 
slimes  plant. 

General  Conditions. — Normal  Western  Australia. 

KALGURLI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks.    Accessibility. — Railway  to  the  mine  from  Perth. 

Character  of  ore. — Gold  contained  in  sulphide  and  tellurides. 

Character  of  ore-body. — A  "chimney"  which  is  in  places  of  greater  width 
than  length' — no  defined  walls,  the  ore  being  mined  to  its  payable  limits. 

Method  of  opening. — Perpendicular  shafts,  cross-cuts  and  drives.     • 

Method  of  mining. — Mostly  overhead  stoping — in  places  on  shrinkage 
system — stopes  filled  in  with  residue. 

Depth  of  mine. — 1850  ft. 

Amount  water  pumped.— Very  little. 


390  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Method  of  ore  reduction. — Crushed  in  ball  mills,  roasted,  amalgamation 
and  filter  pressing,  the  ore  being  mostly  reduced  to  a  slime. 

General  Conditions.  —  Hot  weather,  climate  fairly  good.  Wages:  rock 
drill  men  in  shafts,  winzes  and  rises  14/4;  rock  drill  men  elsewhere  13/4; 
hammer  and  drill  men  in  shafts,  winzes  and  rises  13/4;  hammer  and  drill 
men  elsewhere  12/6;  bracemen  13/4;  firemen  12/-;  truckers  and  shovelers 
11/2;  minimum  wages  10/9;  44  hours  week's  work.  Mine  timber  from  near 
Perth  and  firewood  locally,  13/9  per  cord.  Water  7/-  per  1000  gal. 

LAKE  VIEW  AND  STAR,  LTD. 

No.  stamps,  75 
Duty  24  hours,  7.18. 
Width  lode  (arox.),  5  to  6  ft. 
Developed  to  depth  of  2050-ft.  level. 

Concentrates  treated  by  roasting,  sliming  in  cyanide  agitation  and  filter  pressing. 
The  balance  of  mill  products  was  ground  to  slime  and  cyanided  by  agitation  and  filter 
pressing. 

Remarks.' — Accessibility.' — On  railway  about  400  miles  from  coast.  Siding 
into  the  mine. 

Character  of  ore. — Refractory,   occasionally  telluride. 

Character  of  ore -body.' — Rich  shoots  occurring  in  lode  formation. 

Width  of  ore -body.' — From  3  ft.  up  to  20  ft.  in  places. 

Method  of  opening. — Vertical  shafts  ordinary  methods. 

Method  of  mining. — Rill  stoping. 

Depth  of  mine.— Lake  Vein  2000  ft.     Star  1000  ft. 

Amount  water  pumped. — Infinitesimal. 

OROYA  LINKS,  LTD. 

Remarks.' — Accessibility. — On  the  railway  400  miles  from  coast. 

Character  of  ore.' — Refractory  occasionally  telluride. 

Character  of  ore-body . — Rich  shoots  occurring  in  lode  formation. 

Width  of  ore-body. — From  3  ft.  up  to  20  ft.  in  places. 

Method  of  opening.' — Vertical  shafts. 

Method  of  mining. — Rill  stoping. 

Depth  of  mine. — 750  ft. 

Amount  water  pumped. — Infinitesimal. 

Method  of  ore  reduction. — 50  stamps,  tube  mill.  Concentrating  roasting 
concentrates.  All  sliming.  Vacuum  filter. 

General  Conditions.' — Leases  divided  into  three  sections  separated  by  other 
companies'  mines.  Ore  reserves  confined  to  one  lease  but  half  monthly 
tonnage  treated  is  recovered  from  fringes  of  ore  chutes,  supposed  to  be 
worked  out  in  other  leases. 


APPENDIX 


391 


THE  SONS  OF  GWALIA,  LTD. 


EXPENDITURE   ON    DEVELOPMENT  COST  PER  FOOT 

1912 


1911 


Main  incline  shaft  

£     s.             d. 
26       1          .89 

£      s.           d. 
21      16       2  22 

Plat  cutting  and  shaft  bins  

0       1       9.17 

Driving  

4       0       8.26 

3     14       5.29 

Cross  cutting 

3     18     11  36 

3     14     10  OJ 

Rising  . 

3       1       3  06 

3       6       0  54 

Winzing 

4     10       1.22 

4       4     10  94 

Diamond  drilling  
Total  expenditure  
Equiv.  per  ton  milled  

0     18     10.49 
£34,374 
4s.     5.02d. 

0     17       9.06 
£34,527 
4s.  2.02d. 

Remarks. — Property  is  situated  500  miles  by  rail  from  Perth.  The 
character  of  ore  is  free  milling — the  ore-bodies  lenticular.  The  average 
width  is  9  ft.  The  mine  is  developed  by  inclined  shaft  and  levels,  maximum 
depth  2753  ft.  The  method  of  mining  is  flat  back  and  rill  stopes.  About 
5000  gal.  of  water  per  hour  are  pumped.  Property  has  50-stamp  mill. 
Treatment  is  fine  grinding  in  pans,  vacuum  filter  slimes  plant.  Ore  reserves 
equal  to  3f  years'  supply  for  mill.  Mine  looking  very  well  in  the  bottom. 


YUANMI  GOLD  MINES,  LTD. 

Remarks.— Accessibility.— Fifty  miles  from  rail-head  which  in  turn  is 
about  250  miles  from  seaport. 

Character  of  ore. — Quartz  and  schist.  Sulphides  contain  .45  per  cent, 
stibnite. 

Character  of  ore-body. — Pay  chutes  in  reef  formation. 

Width  of  ore-body. — Varies  but  averages  say  4  ft.  6  in. 

Method  of  mining. — Rill  stoping. 

Method  of  opening. — Vertical  shaft  and  usual  methods. 

Depth  of  mine.— 580  ft.  vertical. 

Method  of  ore  reduction.— (1250  Ib).  20  Head  Calif ornian  stamp.  Amal- 
gamation, all  sliming.  Vacuum  filter.  Roasting  sulphide  ore. 

General  Conditions. — Power  for  treatment  plant  is  supplied  by  200  b.h.p. 
Crossley  Gas  Engine.  Cambridge  Patent  Wood  Gas  Producer.  Consump- 
tion of  fuel  for  latter  works  out  at  £2  8s.  per  day. 

MOUNT  LYELL  MINING  AND  RAILWAY  CO.,  LTD. 

General  Remarks. — The  ore  comes  from  the  two  mines  in  about  the 
following  proportions  and  grade  of  metal  content: 


392  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


Mt.  Lyell  Mine 

North  Mt.  Lyell  Mine 

Ratio  tons  mined  
Copper,  per  cent  
Silver,  ounces  
Gold,  ounces  

.5 
0.55 
1.8 
0.04 

2  to  3.  5 

6.2 
1.3 
0.004 

During  a  part  of  1911-12  a  labour  strike  greatly  handicapped  operations 
and  increased  operation  costs.  The  Mt.  Lyell  mine  is  operated  partly  by 
open  pit  and  partly  underground.  The  North  Mt.  Lyell  is  operated  mainly 
underground.  A  depth  of  1100  ft.  by  shaft  is  attained.  The  ore  is  a 
copper-iron  pyrite  occurring  in  large  shoots  or  masses  in  a  schist  and  quartz- 
ite  formation. 

The  company  owns  and  operates  its  own  railroad  and  coke  works.  The 
ore  is  smelted  in  pyritic  blast  furnaces  and  the  matte  converted.  The  blister 
copper  is  shipped  to  refineries.  By-products  of  acid  and  fertilizer  are  sources 
of  additional  income.  The  entire  equipment  is  thoroughly  modern. 

THE  TASMANIA  GOLD  MIN  E,  LTD. 

One  drift  was  advanced  during  the  year  565  ft.  showing  7f  ft.  of  11-dwt. 
ore.  Average  width  6  to  10  ft. 

Shaft  1500  ft.  deep.     Number  of  stamps  operating,  40. 
Deepest  level,  1370  ft.     Stamp  duty  per  24  hours,  4.36  tons. 
Method  of  treatment  amalgamation,  concentration  and  cyanide. 

KYSHTIM  CORPORATION,  LTD. 

Re*sum£  1910  Operations. — Total  delivery,  copper,  1580  tons;  total  profit, 
£64,335;  ore  mined,  89,509  tons;  grade  copper,  3.38  per  cent.;  total  ship- 
ments, 72,515  tons;  total  blister  copper  produced,  1674  tons.  Cost  of 
producing  copper  per  ton,  £28  5s. 

Notes  on  1911  Operations. — In  the  last  six  months  of  the  year  the  com- 
pany made  the  following  costs: 

Per  ton  ore:  Mining,  5.9s.;  smelting,  7.4s.;  trans,  ore  and  matte,  .6s.; 
genl.  exp.,  1.2s.;  total,  15.1s. 

Per  ton  blister:  Mining,  £13.43;  smelting,  16.83;  trans,  ore  and  matte, 
1.34;  general  expense,  2.72;  total,  £34.32. 

Exchange:  In  1912,  Rs.9.50  =  £l. 


APPENDIX 


393 


ORE  RESERVES 


CANADA 


Name 


Date 


Tons 


Grade 


Hedley  

12-31-13 

413,000 

About  $10.00. 

Hidden  Creek  .  .  . 

12-31-13 

9,000,000 

2.3  per  cent.  cop. 

Buffalo  

4_30-13 

57,330 

About  30  oz.  sil. 

Cobalt  Lake  
Crown  Reserve  

12-31-12 
12-31-12 
8-31-13 

52,036 
34,995 
6  019  300  07 

Containing  2,135,040  oz.  sil 
About  $25.00  per  ton. 

12-31-12 

92  206 

Containing  2  796  650  oz  sil 

McKinley-Darragh  
Nipisaing  

12-31-13 
12-31-12 

113,000 
188,477 

Containing  3,210,000  oz.  sil. 
Containing  9,643,338  oz.  sil. 

MEXICO  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA 


Dolores.  .  . 

12-31-12 

44,500 

Ave   $38.22. 

Esperanza  

12-31-12 

(  100,334  met.  tons 
•{     51,000  possible  ore 

Profit  $320,000  U.  S.  Cur. 

Buena  Tierra  

12-31-12 

I  362,129  dump  tails 
301,150 

Profit  $362,129  U.  S.  Cur. 
No  grade. 

Braden  

12-31-13 

78,000,000 

Ave.  2.8  per  cent,  copper. 

Chile  Copper  Co  

212,000,000 

Ave.  2.18  per  cent,  copper. 

RESUME  OPERATIONS  1913-1914 

MINES  OF  AUSTRALIA,   NEW  ZEALAND,  EUROPE  AND   ASIA 
AUSTRALIA 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES 

British  Broken  Hill  Prop.  Half  yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  170,080.  Per  cent, 
lead,  14.7;  zinc,  14.5%;  silver,  7.3  oz.  Profit,  £169,800.  Reserves,  3,350,000  tons.  No 
grade  stated. 

Broken  Hill  South  Silver:  Half  yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  109,284.  Percent, 
lead,  12.8;  zinc,  11.9%;  silver,  7.3  oz.  Profit,  £46,478.  Reserves,  1,014,300  tons,  av.  13% 
Pb.,  10.9%  Zn.,  6.5  oz.Ag. 

Great  Cobar:  Yr.  End.  June  30,  1913.  Tons  treated,  361,566.  Profit,  £81,925.  Prod, 
copper  tons,  5811.  Rec.  2.017  %.  Gold,  oz.  27,136.  Rec.,  .0942  oz.  Total  silver,  oz. 
127,542.  Rec.  per  ton,  .4427  oz.  Reserves,  2,705,161. 

Mount  Boppy:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  64,762.  Prod., 25,388  oz.  Gold. 
Profit,  £15,604.  Reserves,  tons  205,387.  No  grade  stated. 

QUEENSLAND 

Mount  Morgan:  Half  yr.  end.  Nov.  30,  1913.  Tons  treated,  123,247  and  25,632  Many 
Peaks.  Prod,  tons  copper,  4354;  Gold  oz.,  54,992.  Yield  Mt.  Morgan,  3.125%  cu.  8.5 
dwts.  gold.  Profit,  £172,845.  Reserves,  Smelt,  ore,  3,245,000;  cone,  ore,  3,000,000  tons. 
No  grade. 


394  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

WESTEKN  AUSTRALIA 

Assoc.  Gold  Mines  of  W.  A.:  Yr.  end.  Mar.  31,  1914.  Tons  treated  127,856.  Yield,  23s. 
9d.  Prod.  £152,105. 

Assoc.  Northern  Blocks:  Yr.  end.  Sept.  30,  1913.     Profit,  £72,995. 

Burbanks  Main  Lode:  Yr.  end.June  30,  1913.  Tons  treated,  22,934.  Yield,  45s.  7d.  Cost 
27s.  2d.  Profit  18s.  5d.  Profit,  £21,186. 

Great  Boulder  Perseverance:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  244,841.  Yield, 
£253,218.  Profit,  £6896.  Reserves,  838,258  tons.  23s.  6d.  Cost,  18s.  0.242d. 

Great  Boulder  Proprietary:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  189,469.  Yield,  59s. 
Profit,  £262,178.  Reserves,  615,114  tons,  14.5  dwts. 

Great  Fingall  Cons.:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  64,255.  Yield,  25s.  3d.  In- 
come, £115,487.  Profit,  £2803.  Reserves,  69,442.  39s.  2d. 

Ivanhoe  Gold:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  239,314.  Yield,  37s.  10.46d.  Cost, 
22s.  8.33d.  Profit,  15s.  2.13d.  Profit,  £157,910.  Reserves,  991,417  tons.  38s.  6d. 

Kalgurli  Gold:  Yr.  end.  July  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  128,415,  averaging  42s.  8d.  Yield, 
39s.  9d.  Profit,  £101,961. 

Lake  View  &  Star:  Yr.  end.  Feb.  28,  1914.  Tons  treated.  216,043.  Yield  £249,761.  Profit, 
£33,090.  Reserves  tons,  Lake,  79,434,  27s.  lid.  Star  368,604,  26s.  7d. 

Oroya  Links:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  139,130.  Yield,  21s.  6d.  Profit, 
£15,462.  Reserves,  146,775  tons,  24s.  3d. 

Sons  ofGwalia:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.     Cost  per  ton,  18s.  3d. 

South  Kalgurli:  Yr.  end.  Mar.  31,  1914.  Tons  treated,  124,670.  Prod.,  £133,806.  Profit, 
£6572. 

Yuanmi  Gold:  Yr.  end.  June  30,  1913.  Profit,  £57,080.  Yuanmi:  Tons  treated,  64,530. 
Yield,  34s.  0.69d.  Cost,  14s.  3.5d. 

Oroya:  Tons,  59,680.  Yield,  35s.  11.45d.  Cost,  21s.  1.84d.  Reserves,  116,768  tons  aver. 
36s.  8d. 

NEW  ZEALAND 

Blackwater Mines:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  45,053.  Yield,  38s.  7.80d.  Cost 
21s.  2.78d.  Profit,  17s.  5.02d.  Profit,  £34,982.  Reserves,  104,727  tons,  9.89  dwt. 

Cons.GoldfieldofN.Z.:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  23,661.  Yield,  31s.  11.04d. 
Cost,  19s.  2.99d.  Profit,  12s.  8.05d.  Profit,  £18,456.  Reserves,  25,764  tons,  10.41  dwt. 

Progress  Mines  of  N.Z.:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons,  34,996.  Yield,  £1  3s.  10.06d. 
Cost,  19s.  0.91d.  Profit,  4s.  9.15d.  Profit,  £18,492. 

Talisman  Cons.:  Yr.  end.  Feb.  28,  1914.  Tons  treated,  41,680.  Yield,  £5  7s.  7d.  Cost, 
£2  7s.  Profit,  £126,292.  Tons,  37,513,  £5  5s.  6d. 

Waihi  Gold:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  184,146.  Assay  value,  gold,  84s. 
Silver,  2s.  Profit,  £104,743.  Reserves,  764,732  tons.  No  grade. 

TASMANIA 

Mount  Lyell:  Yr.  End.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  143,640.  Mt.  Lyell  Mine:  tons 
smelted,  89,661;  0.47%  Cu;  1.83  oz.  Ag;  .039  oz.  Au.  North  Mt.  Lyell:  Tons  smelted 
36,339;  5.97%  Cu;  1.13  oz.  Ag;  .002  oz.  Au.  Cost  per  ton,  £1  2s.  2.21d.  Profit,  £41,943. 
Prod.  2442  tons  copper;  187,097  oz.  silver;  4050  oz.  gold.  Reserves,  Mt.  Lyell,  2,202,335 
tons;  .531%  Cu;  1.96  oz.  Ag;  .0275  oz.  Au.  North  Mt.  Lyell  reserves  1,086,112  tons,  6.0% 
Cu;  1.33  oz.  Ag;  .005  oz.  Au. 

Tasmania  Gold:  Yr.  end.  Sept.  30,  1913.  Tons  treated,  53,812.  Prod.,  oz.  21,174.  Loss, 
£3,028. 


APPENDIX  395 

INDIA 

Champion  Reef:  Yr.  end.  Sept.  30,  1914.  Tons  treated,  .220,511,  Yield,  £510,736. 
Cost,  26s.  6d.  Profit,  £218,000.  Ore  reserves,  404,125  tons. 

Nundydroog:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  90,650.  Yield,  17  dwt.  16  grs. 
Cost,  £1  10s.  4d.  Profit,  £144,098.  Reserves,  150,650  tons. 

Mysore:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  302,662.  Yield,  15  dwt.  15  grs.  Cost, 
£1  3s.  6.56d.  Profit,  £490,268.  Reserves,  1,377,102  tons. 

Ooregum:  Yr.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons  treated,  153,636.  Yield,  £360,888.  Reserves, 
186,947  tons. 

EUROPE  &  SIBERIA 

Kyshtim:  Yr.  end.  May  1,  1914.  Tons,  361,000.  Cost  per  ton  refined,  £36,  16s.  Prod. 
Cu,  7971  long  tons.  Profit,  £311,578.  Reserves,  356,000  tons,  3%  Cu. 

Spassky:  15  mos.  end.  Dec.  31,  1913.  Tons,  43,591.  Grade,  22  %  Cu.  Profit,  £226,318. 
Reserves,  12,643  tons  20%  Cu. 

PROPERTIES  NOT  FOUND  IN  BOOK  PROPER 

TEMISKAMING  MINING  CO. 
COBALT,  CANADA 

Yr.  ended  Dec.  31,  1913:  Silver,  oz.  739,726.  Net  profit,  $117,574.  Stoped,  300,182  cu.  ft. 
Cost  to  surface  $5.23.  Av.  grade,  26.4  oz.  Tons  shipped,  55.4.  Assay  value,  4619  oz. 
Tons  treated,  32,307.  Av.  per  ton,  18.5  oz.  Silver  oz.  produced,  483,796.  Tons  cone.  936. 
Rec.  per  cent.,  81.  Ratio  of  cone.,  62-1.  Cost  per  ton  treated,  $2.52.  Cost  per  oz.,  16.8j<. 
Total  cost  per  ton,  $9.60.  Per  oz.,  41.9><.  Net.  aft.  revenue,  $9.54  and  41.7jl.  Total  xiev. 
to  date  21,852  ft. 

TRETHEWEY  SILVER  COBALT 
COBALT,  CANADA 

Yr.  ended  Dec.  31, 1913:  Prod.,  619,427  oz.  silver.  Gross  value,  $365,565.  Net  aft.  mkt., 
etc.,  $334,769.  Operating  exp.,  $204,072.  Net  profit,  $130,696.  Tons  shipped,  587.  Total 
silver  contents  599,035  oz.  Cost  mkt.  5.27  ?<  per  oz.  Tons  treated  mill.  35,282.  Value 
21.24  oz.  Cost  per  ton:  Dev.,  $1.07;  Break  and  stoping,  $2.28.  Cost  per  ton  milled,  $1.46. 
Genl.,  $0.93.  Markt.  ore  cone,  and  bull.,  $0.90.  Total  aft.  prospecting,  int.,  etc.,  $6.65. 
Total  dev.  to  date,  20,984  ft. 

THE  LUCKY  TIGER  COMBINATION  GOLD  MINING  CO. 

YZABAL    SONORA,     MEXICO 

U.  S.  Currency— 2000  Ib.  tons 

Operations,  1912:  Income,  $1,683,973.  Oper.  Exp.,  $947,939.  Oper.  profit,  $736,034. 
Ore  broken,  49,480.  High  grade  sorted,  1,152  tons.  This  ore  is  high  in  silver  and  averaged 
348  oz.  Ore  milled,  67,832.  Averaging  gold,  0.138  oz.  and  silver,  28.25  oz.  Costs:  Min., 
$2.541;  Dev.,  $0.715;  Trans.,  $.  112;  Mill.,  $4.81;  Genl.  $.738;  Mkt.  taxes  and  cone.,  $3.287; 
Mkt.  bull  $.784;  Total  $12.98. 

The  mine  is  opened  by  tunnel  and  shaft.  Vein  formation  not  of  great  width.  Ore  is 
concentrated.  Cone,  and  high  grade  shipped.  Tailings  cyanided.  Mine  is  30  miles  from 
Yzabal.  Railway  at  Yzabal.  Property  60  miles  south  of  U.  S.  border. 


396  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

AMPARO  MINING  COMPANY 
ETZATLAN  JALISCO,  MEXICO 

U.  S.  Currency 

Operations  year  ending  Mar.  27,  1913.  Gross  Prod.,  $889,225.  Total  profit,  $358,131. 
Metric  tons  milled,  92,365.  Value  rec.,  $9.627.  Recovery,  90.7.  Cost  per  metric  ton: 
Min.  anddev.,  $2.498;  Ore  to  mill,  $.211;  Mill,  $1.621;  Mkt.,  $.151;  Dumps,  $0.083;  Genl., 
$.616;  Dep.,  $.442.  Phila.  office,  $.098;  Taxes  U.  S.  State  and  Income.  $.142;  Total, 
$5.862;  Total  aft.  int.,  $5.85.  Ore  reserves,  559,099  tons. 

Property  located  several  miles  from  railway.  Has  wagon  haul.  Mine  opened  by  shaft  to 
1300  ft.  Ore  silver-gold.  Mining  by  shrinkage  system.  Treatment,  concentration  and 
cyaniding.  Concentrates  shipped  to  Monterey. 

OROYA  LEONESA,  LTD. 
SAN  RAMON,  NICARAGUA,  C.  A. 

Revolution  and  inadequate  labor  supply  seriously  interfered  with  operations.  We  give 
below  operations  for  Mar.  1913  which  seems  to  be  an  average  month  for  1913. 

Tons  treated,  1906.  Grade  ore,  37/2.  Tailings,  6/9.  Recovery,  81.83.  Total 
yield,  £2093.  Per  ton,  21/10.  Working  cost  per  ton,  23/5£. 

Property  located  9  miles  from  Matagalpa,  120  miles  from  R.  R.  at  Leon.  Ore  occurs  in 
fault  fissure.  Vein  width  approx.,  5  ft.  Values,  $10  U.  S.  currency.  Ore  is  oxides  of  iron 
and  manganese  with  quartz.  Dev.  by  tunnel.  Mill  is  20  stamp  and  cyanide  plant.  Power 
from  gas  plant.  Haulage  by  ox  cart.  Ore  reserves  95,358  tons,  39.7s. 

PREMIER  (TRANSVAAL)  DIAMOND  MINING  CO.,  LTD. 
SOUTH  AFRICA 

Operations  year  ending  Oct.  31,  1912:  Income,  £2,004,943.  Profit,  £840,656.  Loads 
hauled  (16  cu.  ft.),  10,404,378.  Loads  washed,  9,707,098.  Carats  found,  1,992,474.  Yield 
per  load  carats,  .205.  Value  per  load,  £0  4s.  1.57d.  Costs:  Mining  and  tramming,  Is. 
3.84d.;  Sorting  and  washing,  Os.  4.896d.;  Compound  expenses,  Os.  3.575d.;  Genl.  and  motive 
power,  Os.  3.30d.;  Per  load  mined  and  washed,  2s.  3.667d.;  Total  inc.  genl.  office  ex.,  2s.  4.74d.; 
Number  natives  employed,  13,363.  Whites,  803. 

The  workable  area  is  approximately  80  acres  in  extent.  Property  is  worked  by  open 
cut  mining. 

UTAH  APEX  MINING  CO. 

BINQHAM,  UTAH,  U.  S.  A. 

Operations  1913:  Receipts:  Shipping  Ore,  $453,549.  Mill  Ore,  $238,713.  Total  after 
royalties,  $702,756.  Expenses,  $483,054.  Profit,  $217,702.  Lbs.  lead  prod.,  25,376,222 . 
Silver,  oz.,  470,556.  Tons  dry:  Mined,  119,342;  Shipped,  71,951;  Milled,  47,390.  Tons 
concentrates,  13,735.  Grade  shipping  ore:  Lead,  12.3%;  Silver,  5.2  oz.  Cost  per  ton 
combined  ore:  Mining,  $2.588,  Dev.  $.882,  Genl.  Exp.,  $.233.— Total,  $3.703. 

ST.  JOHN  DEL  REY  MINING  CO.,  MORRO  VELHO,  MINAS  GERAES 

BRAZIL,  S.  A. 

Morro  Velho  Mine,    tons  2240  Ibs. 

Year  ending  Feb.  28,  1913:  Tons  stamped,  172,208;  av.  6.38  Oitavas.  Oz.  gold,  92,906. 
Value  silver  and  gold,  £396,109.  Profit,  £118,471.  Yield  per  ton,  Oitavas  5.96.  Yield 


APPENDIX  397 

first  process,  24s.  9d.;  second  process,  21s.  3d.;  total,  46s.  Od.  Realized  per  Oitava  refined 
9s.  9d.  Extraction  first  process,  50.62  % ;  second,  42.73  % ;  total,  93.35  % .  Cost  per  ton  min. 
mill,  and  working  cost  Brazil,  29s.  4$d.  Dev.,  6Jd.  London  exp.,  3^d-  StateandFed.gov. 
duties  and  transport  charges,  2s.  Old-  Total  cost,  3.2s.  2fd.  Profit,  15s.  9Jd. 

Year  ending  Feb.  28-14:  Tons,  174,000.  Yield,  47s.  7d.  Yield,  97,208  oz.  Cost, 
£283,166.  Profit,  £131,244.  Ore  reserves,  tons  887,400. 

Remarks. — Property  worked  since  1834.  Depth  mine  Feb.  4,  1913,  5226  ft.  Depth  to 
surface  vertical  line  over  shaft,  5596  ft.  These  are  probably  deepest  workings  in  the  world, 
exceeding  slightly  the  Tamarack's  which  are  over  a  mile.  Mill  consists  of  130  stamps  and 
7  tubes. 

BACKUS  &  JOHNSTON  CO. 
CASAPALCA,  PERU 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  13:  Smelting  profit,  £65,689.  Tons  received  at  smelter,  91,266,  con- 
taining 2,259,130  oz.  silver,  and  5163  short  tons  copper.  In  addition  8260  tons  high- 
grade  ore  were  shipped  to  N.  Y.  Could  not  be  profitably  handled  without  converters. 
Tons  smelted,  86,157.  Matte  produced,  8104.  Net  value,  £507,224.  In  1913  Casapalca 
prod.  20,800  tons  of  dressed  ore  and  cone,  and  morococha,  49,763  tons. 

Property  is  located  20  miles  from  Casapalca,  Peru.  Company  operated  Natividad  and 
Casapalca  mines.  Mines  carry  high-grade  copper  and  silver  ores  in  vein  formation.  Width 
moderate.  Casapalca  opened  by  tunnel.  Has  2000  ft.  backs.  Lode  proven  for  over  2000 
meters.  Has  300-ton  mill  and  500-ton  smelter.  Converter  plant  and  hydro-elect,  plant 
installed  in  1913. 

CERRO  DE  PASCO 
PERU,  SOUTH  AMERICA 

Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining  Co.  is  the  largest  copper  producer  in  South  America.  Production 
1913,  43,865,329  Ibs.  of  copper.  Property  located  228  miles  by  rail  from  Callao  at  an 
altitude  of  14,300  ft.  The  mines  have  been  producers  for  several  hundred  years,  having 
been  formerly  worked  for  their  silver  ores.  The  company's  holdings  include  a  large  number 
of  mines,  opened  by  shafts  and  tunnels.  The  method  of  mining  is  square  setting,  Oregon 
fir  and  native  timber  being  used. 

The  ore  occurs  principally  in  fissure  veins,  the  greatest  mineralization  occurring  at  the 
intersection  of  the  main  vein  system  with  cross  veins,  where  the  deposits  are  large  and  irreg- 
ular. The  geology  of  the  district  is  very  complex,  the  predominating  rocks  being  limestones 
and  rhyolites.  The  ores  are  mostly  primary,  though  secondary  ores  are  present.  Chal- 
copyrite  and  enargite  are  common,  though  various  arsenides  and  antimonides  of  copper  are 
to  be  found.  The  ruby  silvers  are  common,  also  galena  and  sphalerite. 

The  ores  are  smelted  direct.  Smelter  9  miles  from  mine.  Plant  consists  of  5  blast  fur- 
naces, 5  reverberatory  and  3  basic  converters.  Hydro-electric  plant  generating  12,000  horse- 
power is  located  at  Oroya,  70  miles  from  smelter.  Company  owns  and  operates  coal  mines 
within  20  miles  of  smelter;  make  their  own  coke.  Company  also  owns  Cerro  de  Pasco  Ry. 
connecting  property  with  Central  Ry.  of  Peru  at  Oroya.  Cost  data  and  silver  and  gold 
contents  not  available. 

WALLAROO  AND  MOONTA 

SOUTH  AUSTRALIA 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  13:*  Production  smelter,  7112  tons  refined  copper,  2161  oz.  gold  and 
1000  oz.  silver.  Profit,  $259,000.  Ore  mined,  161,874  tons  3%  copper.  Sorted  to  60,649 


398  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

tons  8.54%,  and  621  tons  12.29%.     Old  tails  treated,  52,789  tons  by  leaching.     Prod. 
965  tons,  78.3  %  Cu. 

•Costs.— Min.,  $5.60.  Ore  Dressing,  $1.42.  Trans.,  $.25.  Smelt.,  $1.98.  Genl.  Exp., 
$.18.  Flotation  process  employed  on  tails.  Depth  Wallaroo  mine  shaft  1913,  2550  ft. 

*  Total  Copper  Prod,  to  end  1913:   283,682  tons.     Ore  mined,  10,200,000  tons  3%  Cu. 
Total  dividends,  $10,704,000. 

Remarks. — Company  operates  two  mines,  Wallaroo  and  Moonta,  situated  on  York 
Peninsula,  South  Australia.  Veins  are  fissures  in  schist  and  porphyry  varying  from  few  feet 
to  20  and  25  ft.  in  width.  Veins  are  productive  for  great  length.  Shoots  are  short.  Ore 
principally  chalcopyrite.  Ore  is  sorted.  Method  mining  overhand  stoping  and  filling. 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Mining  &  Scientific  Press. 

THE  ZINC  CORPORATION,  LIMITED 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1913:  Net  profit,  £22;  ,680.  Lead  concentrator  treated  162,956 
tons  av.  14.7%  Pb.,  2.6  oz.  Ag.,  and  8.95%  Zn.  Produced  30,680  tons  Cone.,  av.  66.2% 
Pb.,  9.27  oz.  Ag.,  6.4%  Zn.  and  36,536  tons  zinc  middlings  av.  15,6%  Zn.,  1.9  oz.  Ag.,  and 
5.1%  Pb.  The  Lyster  process  is  employed.  Extraction  lead  av.  84.7%.  The  zinc  concen- 
trator treated  350,120  tons  tailings,  av.  14.6%  Zn.  5.95  oz.  Ag.,  and  5.7%  Pb.  This 
yielded  102,850  tons.  Flotation  Cone.  av.  44.2%  Zn,  12.1  oz.  Ag.,  and  12.5%  Pb.  This 
product  was  retreated  by  the  Horwood  Process. 

Costs. — Mining  Dept.  15s.  8.93d.  Tailings  at  zinc  cone.,  10s.  2d.,  of  which  9d.  was  cost 
wood  plant.  Ore  Reserves  971,784  tons  av.  14.8%  Pb.  2.4  oz.  Ag.,  9.5%  Zn. 

OPERATING  RESULTS  1913-1914 

ALASKA  MEXICAN 

1913  Operations:  Gross  prod.,  $496,007.  Profit,  $171,797.  Tons  milled, 
227,112.  Value  per  ton  rec.,  $2.156.  Value  free,  $.9923.  Gross  value, 
$2.30.  Value  sulph.,  $1.16.  Profit  per  ton,  $.7564.  Cost  per  ton:  Min. 
and  dev.,  $.907;  Mill,.  $.251;  Sulph.  exp.,  $.0923;  Total  cost,  $1.4276.  De- 
velop., ft.  2464. 

ALASKA  TREADWELL 

1913  Operations:  Gross  prod.,  $2,358,422.  Gross  profit,  $2,421,015. 
Profit,  $1 ,223  438.  Tons  milled,  886,057.  Value  rec.  per  ton,  $2.66.  Value, 
per  ton  free,  $1.3787.  Per  ton  sulph.,  $1.283.  Gross  per  ton,  $2.84.  Profit 
per  ton,  $1.408.  Cost  per  ton:  Min.  and  dev.,  $.8271;  Mill.,  $.2476;  Sulph. 
exp.,  $.088;  Total  cost,  $1.2533. 

ALASKA  UNITED 

1913  Operations:  Ready  Bullion  Claim  .  .  .  Gross  Prod.,  $511,391. 
Profit,  $187,789.  Tons  milled,  222,992.  Value  rec.,  $2.29.  Free  gold,  $1.2t)3 
Sulph.,  $.089.  Gross  value,  $2.48.  Profit,  $.842.  Cost  per  ton:  Min.  and 
dev.,  $1.03;  Milling,  $.267;  Sulph.,  $.105;  Total,  $1.45. 

700  Claim:  Gross  prod.  $532,153.  Profit,  $206,483.  Tons  milled, 
225,135.  Value  rec.,  $2.36.  Free  gold,  $1.26.  Sulph.,  $1.10.  Profit,  $.9159. 


,  APPENDIX  399 

Cost  per  ton:  Min.  and  dev.,  $1.058;  Mill.,   $2.255;  Sulph.,  $.088;  Total, 
$1.444. 

BUFFALO  MINES 

1913  Operations:  Prod.,  $1,385,473.  Profit,  $891,192.  Oz.  silver 
2,235,852.  Mill  ore,  55,783  tons.  Av.  oz.  silver,  45.83.  Rec.,  82.64.  Ore 
shipped,  35.5  tons.  Cost  per  oz.,  $.2241. 

BUTTE  AND  SUPERIOR 

1913  Operations:  Income  after  freight  and  penalties,  $2,676,652.  Ex- 
penses,^!,738,858.  Net  profit,  $937,794.  Tons  treated,  296,940.  Lb.  zinc 
in  cone!,  102,102,868.  Grade,  49  per  cent.  Tons  lead  cone.,  2,269.  Grade, 
39.4  per  cent.  Per  cent,  zinc  cone.,  49  per  cent.  Grade  ore,  19.89  per  cent, 
zinc,  1.69  per  cent.  lead.  Recovery  zinc,  86.43  per  cent.  Costs:  Mining, 
$3.09;  Milling,  $2.69;  Miscl.,  $.069;  Total  $5.856.  Profit  per  ton,  $3.158. 

CALUMET  AND  HECLA 

1913  Operations:  Prod.,  45,016,890  Ib.  Tons  stamped,  2,035,625.  Lb. 
per  ton,  22.11.  Price  copper,  15.77ff.  Cost  at  mine,  $2.38.  Cost  per 
Ib.,  14.25jzf. 

Conglomerate  Lode:  Lb.,  32,731,768.  Tons,  1,175,259.  Pounds,  27.85. 
Mine  cost,  $2.99.  Per  Ib.,  12.67^. 

Osceola  Lode:  Prod.,  12,051,238  Ib.  Tons  842,162.  Pounds  14.31. 
Mine  cost,  $1.53.  Per  Ib.,  12.62^. 

Kearsarge  Lode:  Pounds,  233,915.  Tons  18,203.  Stamp  Mills:  Prod.. 
1,529,097.  Tailings  crushed,  388,164.  Lb.  copper  per  ton  treated,  11.92. 
Lb.  saved,  3.94.  Cost  per  Ib.,  5.87^. 

DOME  MINES  COMPANY,  LTD. 

Year  ended  March  31,  1914.  Gross,  $1,204,597.  Profit  after  operating 
cost,  $756,433.  Net  earnings,  $591,779.  After  dep.,  $457,695.  Tons  mined 
163,177.  Sent  to  mill,  144,281  tons.  Of  this  121,800  were  from  surface 
pits,  4,782  underground  and  17,699  development.  Tons  milled,  145,305. 
Value  $8.77.  Rec.  $8.29.  Rec.  94.5  per  cent.  By  amal.  60.7  per  cent. 
By  cyanide  39.3  per  cent.  Stamp  duty,  10.6  tons.  Cost  per  ton  milled: 
Min..  $0.68;  Hoisting,  $.07;  Crush,  and  convey.,  $.25;  Stamp,  tube  and 
amal.,  $.86;  Thick  cyanide  and  precip.,  $.50;  Ref.  $.08;  Genl.,  $.64;  Total, 
$3.08.  Develop.,  $1.11. 

GOLDFIELD  CONSOLIDATED 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1913.  Prod.,  $4,942,828.  Profit,  $2,731,944.  Tons 
milled,  330,217.  Value  per  ton,  $14.88.  Rec.,  $13.69.  Cost  per  ton:  Stop- 


400  MINING  COSTS  OF  THE  WORLD 

ing  and  dev.,$3.41;  Trans.,  $.08;  Mill.,  $1.51;  Cone.,  $.31;  Markt.  bullioi 
$.05;  Markt.  shipping  ore,  $.44;  Genl.  exp.,  $.31;  Taxes,  $.54;  Total,  $6.34 
Total  aft.  misc.,  $6.28.  Operat.  profit,  per  ton,  $7.86.  Net  prof,  less  const. 
$7.82.  Dev.  ft.,  38,696. 

GREENE-CANANEA 

1913  Operations:  Total  Ib.  copper,  44,480,514.  Total  net  income 
$2,244,990.  Copper,  price,  15. 1^.  Cost  per  Ib.,  9.63^. 

GREENE-CONSOLIDATED 

1913  Operations:  Total  copper,  44,480,514.  Domestic,  40,641,484.  Gross, 
value,  $7,576,138.  Net  profit  $2,186,260.  Copper  metal,  15.01^.  Ore 
treated,  757,460  tons.  Ore  milled,  343,081.  Rec.  cop.  dom.  ore,  2.405 
per  cent.  Costs:  Mining  total,  $2.89.  Milling,  etc.,  $.716;  Smelting,  $2.545, 
Total  cost  per  Ib.,  9.547^. 

NIPISSING  MINING  CO. 

Year  ending  Dec.  31,  1913.  Silver,  oz.  4,552,173.  Value,  $2,756,612. 
Profit,  $1,660,271.  Tons  ore  and  cone.,  shipped  1,328.  Tons  treated  high 
grade  mill,  1200.  Av.  2254  oz.  Tons  treated  Custom  mill,  77,240.  Av. 
oz.  27.18.  Ext.  per  cent.,  91.85.  Profit  on  production,  60.2  per  cent. 
Price  silver,  60.26^.  Cost,  per  oz.:  Min.;  $.1489;  Cone,  and  mill.,  $.0811 
Dep.,  $.0135;  Markt.,  .0052;  Corp.  exp.,  $.0026;  Total,  $.2513;  Total  aft. 
income,  $.2409.  In  1913  the  low  grade  was  treated  in  the  Company's 
low  grade  mill  at  a  cost  of  $4.132  per  ton  ore. 

UTAH  CONSOLIDATED 

1913  Operations :  Total  income,  $2,151,435.  Expenses,  $1,554,965.  Opera- 
ting profit,  $596,470.  Profit  aft.  dev.,  $636,470.  Copper,  Ib.  7,710,668. 
Lead,  Ib.  19,208,063.  Tons  mined  and  shipped,  251,966.  Copper  ore  shipped, 
181,077.  Grade,  1.98  percent.  Lead  ore  shipped,  70,889  tons.  15.05  per 
cent.  Cost  per  ton:  Min.,  $2.51;  Exp.  and  dev.,  $.63;  Trans,  and  smelt., 
$2.48;  Genl.,  $.17;  Ref.  frt.  etc.,  $.37;  Total,  $6.16.  Development,  20,510  ft. 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 


Abangarez  Goldfields  of  Costa  Rica,  209 
Africa,  Mines  of,  227 
Aguacate  Mines,  210 
Ahmeek  Mining  Co.,  78 
Alaska  Gold  Mines  Co.,  3 

Juneau  Gold  Mining  Co.,  5 

Mexican  Gold  Mine  Co.,  8,  398 

Mines  of,  3 

Treadwell  Gold  Mining  Co.,  7,  398 

United  Mines,  9,  398     . 
Allouez  Mining  Co.,  79 
Alvarado  Mining  &  Milling  Co.,  190 
Amalgamated-Anaconda  Properties,  103 
Amparo  Mining  Co.,  396 
Anaconda  Copper  Mining  Co.,  103 
Arakawa  Mine,  299 
Argonaut  Mining  Co.,  36 
Arizona,  Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  21 

Mines  of,  12 
Asia,  Mines  of,  293 

Associated  Gold  Mines  of  Western  Australia, 
Ltd.,  311,  394 

Northern  Blocks  (W.  A.),  Ltd.,  312,  394 
Australia,  Mines  of,  306 


B 


Backus  &  Johnson  Co.,  397 

Baltic  Mining  Co.,  80 

Bantjes  Consolidated  Mines,  Ltd.,  240, 

Barima  Mine,  221 

Batopilas  Mining  Co.,  190 

Bear  River  Mining  Co.,  50 

Beatson  Copper  Co.,  10 

Beck  Tunnel  Consolidated  Mining  Co., 

Bingham  Mines  Co.,  139 

Bisbee  camp,  Arizona,  description  of,  14, 

Mines  of,  14 

Blackwater  Mines,  Ltd.,  331,  394 
Bolivia,  Mines  of,  220 


Boston.  &  California  Co.,  49 

&  Croville  Co.,  48 

Consolidated  Copper  &  Gold  Mining 

Co.,  145 

Braden  Copper  Co.,  222 
Brakpan  Mines,  Ltd.,  240-243 
Brazil,  Mines  of,  219 

British  Broken  Hill  Proprietary  Co.,  Ltd., 
306,  393 

Columbia,  Mines  of,  153 
copper  property,  155 

Guiana,  Mines  of,  221 

Britannia  Mining  &  Smelting  Co.,  Ltd.,  156 
Broken  Hill  South  Silver  Mining  Co.,  307, 

393 

Bucks  Reef  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  235 
Buena  Tierra  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  191 
Buffalo  Mines,  Ltd.,  171,  399 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  &  Cone.  Co. , 

71 

Burbanks  Main  Lode  (1904),  Ltd.,  313,  394 
Butte  &  Superior  Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  109,  399 

Camp,  brief  description  of,  101 
Butterfly-Terrible  Gold  Mining  Co.,  64 
Butters-Divisadero  Co.,  216 

Salvador  Mines,  216 


Calaveras  Copper  Co.,  54 
California,  Mines  of,  36 
242        Calumet  &  Arizona  (New),  14 

Mining  Co.,  15 
&  Hecla  Mining  Co.,  81,  399 

comparative  statement  covering  11- 

yr.  period,  84-85 
138       Camp  Bird,  Ltd.,  65 

Canada  Copper  Corporation,  160 
347        Canadian  Mines,  ore  reserves  of,  393 

Candaleria  Land,  Mining  &  Power  Co.,  202 
Cape  Colony,  Mines  of,  229 
Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  229 

401 


402 


INDEX 


Centennial  Copper  Mining  Co.,  86 
Central      administration,      mines       under, 
Messrs.  H.  Eckstein  &  Co.,  238 

America,  Mines  of,  209 

and  West  Boulder  Gold  Mines,  Ltd., 
314 

Mine,  Transvaal  Gold  Mining  Estates, 

240,  244 

Centre  Star  Mine,  159 
Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining  Co.,  397 
Champion  Copper  Co.,  87 

Reef  Gold  Mining  Co.  of  India,  Ltd., 

293,  395 

Chief  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  139 
Chihuahua,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  190 
Chile  Copper  Co.,  223 

Mines  of,  222 
Chino  Copper  Co.,  133 
Churn  drill  costs,  Ely,  Nevada,  129 
Cinderella  Consolidated  Gold  Mines,  Ltd., 

240-245 

City  and  Suburban  Gold  Mining  &  Estate 
Co.,  Ltd.,  240-247 

Deep,  Ltd.,  240-246 
Clifton,  Morenci  Dist.,  21 
Cobalt  Camp,  Canada,  Mines  of,  171 
brief  description  of,  171 

and  Porcupine,  labor  wage  scale,  179 

Lake  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  172 
Colombia,  Mines  of,  225 
Colorado  Gold  Dredging  Co.,  69 

Mine  of,  58 

Cia.  Corocoro  de  Bolivia,  220 
Compania  de  Minas  la  Blanca  y  Anexas,  203 
Compagnie  du  Boleo,  189 
Compania  Minera  las  Dos  Estrellas,  197 
Consolidated   Goldfields   of   New    Zealand, 
Ltd.,  332,  394 

Gold  Fields  of  South  Africa,  239 

Langlaagte  Mines,  Ltd.,  240-248 

Main   Reef    Mines    and   Estate,    Ltd., 
240-250 

Mercur  Gold  Mines  Co.,  137 

Mining  &  Smelting  Co.  of  Canada,  Ltd., 

157 

Continental  Zinc  Co.,  110 
Copper  Queen  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,   17 

Range  Consolidated  Co.,  88 
Costa  Rica,  Mines  of,  209 
Creston-Colorada  Co.,    182 
Cripple  Creek  District,  Colorado,  58 


Crown  Mines,  Ltd.,  240-251 

Reserve  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  173 


Daly-Judge  Mining  Co.,  140 

West  Mining  Co.,  141 
Davis-Daly  Copper  Co.,  105 
De  Beers  Consolidated  Mines,  Ltd.,  230 
Detroit  Copper   Mining  Co.  of  Arizona,  23 
Dolores  Mines  Co.,  193 
Dominion  of  Canada,  Mines  of,  153 
Dome  Mines  Co.,  Ltd.,  167,  399 
Durango,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  202 
Durban-Roodepoort  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-252 
Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  254 


E 


Eagle  &  Blue  Bell  Mining  Co.,  142 
East  Butte  Copper  Co.,  106 

Rand  Proprietary  Mines,  Ltd.,  240,  255 
Elandsdrift  Mine,   Transvaal  G.   M.   Est., 

Ltd.,  240,  256 

Eldorado  Blanket  Gold  Mining  Co.,  232 
Elkton  Cons.  Min.  &  Mill.  Co.,  58 
El  Oro  District,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  197 
Mining  &  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.,  198 

Paso  Con.  Gold  Mining  Co.,  59 

Rayo  Mines  Co.,  194 

English  weights  and  money,  table  of,  229 
Esperanza  Mining  Co.,  199 
Europe,  Mines  of,  339 


Falcon  Mines,  Ltd.,  232 
Federal  Lead  Co.,  115 

Mining  &  Smelting  Co.,  72 
Ferreira  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-257 

Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  257 
First  National  Copper  Co.,  56 
Florence  Goldfield  Mining  Co.,  116 
Frontino  &  Bolivia  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd. 

225 
Fujita  Company,  296 


Gaika  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  233 
Geldenhuis  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-258 


INDEX 


403 


Germany,  Mines  of,  343 
Ginsberg  Gold  Mining  Co.,  240-259 
Giroux  Consolidated  Mines  Co.,  125 
Glencairn  Main  Reef  G.  M.  Co.,  Ltd.,  260 
Globe  District,  Arizona,  Mines  of,  30 
Golden  Horse-Shoe  Estates  Co.,  Ltd.,  315 
Goldfield,  Nevada,  District,  116 

Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  117,  399 
Granby  Consolidated    Mining,  Smelting   & 

Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  161 
Great    Boulder   Perseverance  Gold  Mining 

Co.,  Ltd.,  316,  394 

Proprietary  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  317,  394 
Cobar,  Ltd.,  308,  393 

Fingall  Consolidated,  Ltd.,  318,  394 
Greene-Cananea  Copper  Co.,  184,  400 
Greene-Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  185,  400 
Guanajuato  District,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  206 

Consolidated  Mining  &  Milling  Co.,  206 

Reduction  &  Mines  Co.,  207 
Guerrero,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  208 


Hainault  Gold  Mine,  Ltd.,  319 
Hedley  Gold  Mining  Co.,  153 
Hidalgo  State,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  202 
Hidden  Creek  Copper  Co.,  163 
Hisaichi  Mine,  299 
Hollinger  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  168 
Homestake  Mining  Co.,  134 
Honduras,  Mines  of,  212 


Idaho,  Mines  of,  71 

Ikuno  Mine,  301 

India,  Mines  of,  293 

Inspiration  Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  30 

Iron  Blossom  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  143 

Silver  Mining  Co.,  67 

Isle  Royale  Copper  Co.  of  New  Jersey,  89 
Ivanhoe  Gold  Corporation,  Ltd.,  320,  394 


Jalisco  State,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  208 

Japan,  Mines  of,  296 

Joplin  Missouri  District,  Four  Zinc  Mines 

of,  113 
Jupiter  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  261 


Kalgurli  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  322,  394 

Kapsan  Mining  Concessions,  303 

Kanayama  Mine,  301 

Kennicott  Mines  Co.,  11 

Kerr  Lake  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  174 

Knight  Central,  Ltd.,  240-262 

Knights  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-263 

Korea,  Mines  of,  303 

Kosaka  Copper  Mine,  296 

Kyshtim  Corporation,  Ltd.,  341,  395 


La  Dura  Mill  &  Mining  Co.,  183 
Lake  Copper  Company,  90 

Superior  Copper  District,  brief  descrip- 
tion of,  76 

View  and  Star,  Ltd.,  323,  394 
Lancefield  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  324 
Langlaagte  Estate,  240 

La  Rose  Consolidated  Mines  Co.,  Ltd.,  175 
Leadville  District,  Colorado,  67 
Liberty  Bell  Gold  Mining  Co.,  65 
Lone  Star  Mining  Co.,  213 
Lower  California,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  189 
Lucky  Tiger  Combination  G.  M.  Co.,  395 


M 


Magma  Copper  Co.,  35 

Main  Reef  West,  Ltd.,  240,  265 

Makimine  Mine,  301 

Mansfield  copper,  343 

Mason  Valley  Mines  Co.,  130 

Mass  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  92 

McKinley-Darragh-Savage  Mines,  Ltd.,  176 

Melones  Mining  Co.,  37 

Mexican  Mines  of  El  Oro,  Ltd.,  200 

ore  reserves  of,  393 
standard  money  and  weights,  206 
Mexico,  Mines  of,  182 
Miami  Copper  Co.,  31 
Michigan,  Mines  of,  76 
Missouri,  Mines  of,  110 
Mitsu  Bishi  Co.,  298 
Moctezuma  Copper  Co.,  187 
Modderfontein  B.  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  240,  266 
Mohawk  Mining  Co.,  91 
Montana,  Mines  of,  101 
Montana-Tonopah  Mining  Co.,  118 


404 


INDEX 


Montezuma  Mines  of  Costa  Rica,  211 
Mother    Lode    section,    operating   costs  of 

California  gold  mines,    46 
Motherlode  Sheep  Creek  Mining  Co.,  154 
Mount  Boppy  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  309, 

393 
Lyell  Mining  &  Railway  Co.,  Ltd.,  336, 

394 
Morgan  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  310, 

393 
Mysore  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  294,  395 


N 


Natomas  Consolidated  of  California,  38 
Nevada,  Mines  of,  116 

Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  127 

Douglas  Copper  Co.,  131 

Hills  Mining  Co.,  119 
New  Dominion  Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  164 
Newfoundland,  Mines  of,  179 
New  Heriot  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  240,  267 

Kleinfontein,  240 

Mexico,  Mines  of,  133 

Modderfontein  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd., 
240,  268 

Primrose  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  240-269 

Rietfontein  Estate  Gold  Mines,  Ltd., 
240-270 

South  Wales,  Mines  of,  306 

Unified  Main  Reef  Gold  Mining  Co., 
Ltd.,  240-271 

York  &  Honduras  Rosario  Mining  Co., 
212 

Zealand,  Mines  of,  331 
Nicaragua,  Mines  of,  213 
Nipissing  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  177,  400 
North  America,  Mines  of,  1 

Butte  Mining  Co.,  107 

Star  Mines  Co.,  45 
Nourse  Mines,  Ltd.,  240,  272 
Nundydroog  Company,  Ltd.,  295,  395 


Ohio  Copper  Co.,  146 

Old  Dominion  Copper  Mining  &  Smelting 

Co.,  33 

Omodani  Mine,  300 
Omori  Mine,  297 
Ontario,  Mines  of,  167 
Ooregum  Gold  Mining  Co.  of  India,  Ltd., 

294,  395 


Oriental  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  304 
Oroville  Dredging  Co.,  Ltd.,  47 

Exploration  Co.,  49 
Oroya  Leonesa,  Ltd.,  396 

-Links,  Ltd.,  325,  394 
Osaka  Metallurgical  Works,  302 
Osaruzawa  Mine,  299 
Osceola  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  93 
Ouro  Preto  Gold  Mines  of  Brazil,  Ltd.,  219 


Pachuca  District,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  202 

Pacific  Gold  Dredging  Co.,  51 

Park  City  District,  Utah,  140 

Pato  Property,  226 

Penn  Mining  Co.,  53 

Peru,  South  America,  Mines  of,  225 

Phelps-Dodge  &  Co.,  16 

Pittsburgh  Silver  Peak  Mining  Co.,  123 

Planet  Arcturus  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  233 

Porcupine  Camp,  Canada,  Mines  of,  167 

labor  wage  scale,  179 
Crown  Mines,  Ltd.,  170 
Portland  Gold  Mining  Co.,  60 
Premier  Diamond  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  396 
Progress  Mines  of  New  Zealand,  Ltd.,  333, 
394 


Queensland,  Mines  of,  310 

Quest  Gold   Mining   &   Development   Co. 

Ltd.,  273 
Quincy  Mining  Co.,  95 


E 


Randfontein  Central  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd. 
240-274 

South  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  275 
Ray  Central  Copper  Mining  Co.,  28 

Consolidated  Copper  Co.,  29 

District,  Arizona,  Mines  of,  28 
Rhodesia,  Mines  of,  232 
Rio  Plata  Mining  Co.,  195 

Tinto  Co.,  Ltd.,  343 

Robinson    Deep    Gold    Mining    Co.,    Ltd. 
240-276 

Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  240-277 
Rose  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-278 
Round  Mountain  Mining  Co.,  116 
Russia,  Mines  of,  341 


INDEX 


405 


s 

Sado  Mine,  300 

Salvador,  Mines  of,  216 

San  Juan  District,  Colorado,  64 

Pedro  Copper  Co.,  188 
Santa  Gertrudis  Co.,  Ltd.,  204 
San  Toy  Mining  Co.,  196 
Selukwe  Columbia  Gold  Mines,  Ltd., 

234 

Seoul  Mining  Co.,  305 
Shamra  Mines,  Ltd.,  234 
Shannon  Copper  Co.,  24 
Shattuck-Arizona  Copper  Co.,  19 
Siberia,  Mines  of,  305 
Siempre  Viva  Mine,  215 
Silver  King  Coalition  Mines  Co.,  144 
Simmer  and  Jack  Proprietary  Mines,  Ltd., 
240-280 

Deep,  Ltd.,  240-279 
Snowshoe  Mine,  165 
Snowstorm  Mining  Co.,  75 
Sonora,  Mexico,  Mines  of,  182 
Sons  of  Gwalia,  Ltd.,  326,  394 
South  American  Mines,  ore  reserves  of,  393 

America,  Mines  of,  217 

Australia,  Mines  of,  310 

Dakota,  Mines  of,  134 

Kalgurlia  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  327,  394 

Utah  Mines  &  Smelters,  147 
Spain,  Mines  of,  343 
Spassky  Copper  Mine,  Ltd.,  305,  395 
St.  John  Del  Rey  Mining  Co.,  396 

Joseph  Lead  Co.,  115 
Standard  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  52 
State  of  Mexico,  Mines  of,  197 
Stewart  Mining  Co.,  74 
Stratton's  Independence,  Ltd.,  61 
Sub  Nigel,  Ltd.,  240-282 
Sullivan  Mine,  166 
Sumitomo  Besshi  Copper  Mine,  302 
Superior  &  Pittsburgh  Copper  Co.,  20 

Copper  Company,  96 
Surina  Mining  &  Smelting  Co.,  208 


Temiskaming  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  395 
Tennessee,  Mines  of,  136 

Copper  Co.,  136 

Tharsis  Sulphur  &  Copper  Co.,  Ltd.,  343 
Tilt  Cove  Establishment,  179 
Togi  Mine,  302 

Tomboy  Gold  Mines  Co.,  Ltd.,  66 
Tom  Reed  Gold  Mines  Co.,  12 
Tonopah,  Nevada,  Mines  of,  118 

-Belmont  Development  Co.,  120 

Extension  Mining  Co.,  121 

Mining  Co.,  123 
Transvaal,  South  Africa,  Mines  of,  236 

Gold  Mining  Estates,  Ltd.,  240,  241, 

244,  256,  283 
Industry,  236 
Mines,      operating    results    1913-14, 

240 

Tretheway  Silver  Cobalt  Mine,  Ltd.,  395 
Trimountain  Mining  Co.,  98 
Tuolumne  Copper  Mining  Co.,  108 


U 


United  States,  Mines  of,  3 

Smelting,    Refining    &    Mining   Co., 

148 

Verde  Copper  Co.,  26 
Utah,  Mines  of,  137 

Apex  Mining  Co.,  396 
Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  149,  400 
Copper  Co.,  150 


Vaalhoek  Mine,  240-283 

Van  Ryn  Gold  Mines  Estate,  Ltd.,  240-284 

Deep,  240 

Victoria  Copper  Mining  Co.,  99 
Village  Deep,  Ltd.,  240-285 

Main  Reef  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  240- 

286 

Vindicator  Gold  Mining  Co.,  63 
Voight's  Camp,  160 


Takara  Mine,  299 

Talisman  Consolidated,  Ltd.,  334,  394 
Tamarack  Mining  Co.  of  Michigan,  97 
Tasmania,  Mines  of,  336 

Gold  Mine,  Ltd.,  337,  394 


W 


Waihi  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  335,  394 
Wallaroo  &  Monta  Min.  &  Smelt.  Co.,  Ltd., 
397 


406 


INDEX 


Wage    scale,    United    States    and    Canada, 

152 

Wasp  No.  2  Mining  Co.,  134 
Webb  City,  Missouri,  representative  costs, 

112 

Western  Australia,  Mines  of,  311 
West  End  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  122 

Rand  Consolidated,  Ltd.,  240-284 
Wettlaufer-Lorrain  Silver   Mines,  Ltd.,  178 
Witwatersrand  Deep,  Ltd.,  240,  287 
Gold  Mines,  236 

Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  240-288 
Wolhuter  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  240-289 
Wolverine  Mining  Co.,  100 


Yak  Mining,  Milling  &  Tunnel  Co.,  68 

Yellow  Pine  Mining  Co.,  132 

Yoshioka  Mine,  301 

Yuanmi  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  328,  329,  394 

Yuba  Consolidated  Gold  Fields,  53 

Yukon  Gold  Co.,  180 

Yuma  Gold  Mine,  13 


Zinc  corporation,  398 

Issues  Co.,  Ill 
Zuiho  Gold  Mine,  298 


M127163 


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